Tag: pubmed

Musculoskelet Surg. 2025 Dec 27. doi: 10.1007/s12306-025-00939-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid non-union advanced collapse (SNAC) are well-recognised degenerative wrist conditions. Debate persists over optimal treatment, particularly since 4 corner fusion (4CF) emerged in the 1980s. Reviews have compared the outcomes of 4CF and PRC; however, none of these have looked at whether the initial diagnosis determines the final outcome. This systematic review hypothesises that the outcome of PRC and 4CF for the treatment of stage 2 and 3 SNAC and SLAC varies depending on the initial diagnosis. Searches of PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane database using the terms ‘SNAC’ and ‘SLAC’ were performed. Studies were excluded based on results recorded, study nature and whether results were separated according to the initial diagnosis. Studies were assimilated using weighted averages and further analysed using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism software. A total of 3320 studies were identified; however, only 6 studies (8 study arms) were included. Of these, 7 study arms recorded pre- and post-operative range of movement data, 4 with pre- and post-operative disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) scores and 5 with pre- and post-operative Visual Analogue Score (VAS) pain scores. There was no statistical difference in these outcome measures with a mean follow-up of 62 months (38-120). This review found no significant difference in the outcomes of these procedures; however, there is a high level of uncertainty. Further studies should focus on reporting data by procedure as well as initial diagnosis with appropriate power calculations and should be designed as prospective randomised control trials.

PMID:41455026 | DOI:10.1007/s12306-025-00939-0

Neuroinformatics. 2025 Dec 27;24(1):2. doi: 10.1007/s12021-025-09761-2.

ABSTRACT

Accurate classification of neuronal cell types is essential for understanding brain organization, but multimodal neuron datasets are scarce and strongly imbalanced across subclasses. We present a benchmark of synthetic data augmentation methods for predicting electrophysiology-defined neuronal classes (e-types) in the Allen Cell Types mouse visual cortex dataset. Two supervised tasks were evaluated over the same 17 e-type labels: prediction from electrophysiology features alone (E→e-type) and prediction from combined morphology plus electrophysiology features (M + E→e-type). We established real-data baselines across multiple classifier families under a unified preprocessing pipeline, then augmented only the training sets using matched per-class grids with Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and deep generative models: Variational Autoencoders (VAE), Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), masked autoregressive normalizing flows, and Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM). Augmentation produced substantial generalization gains when applied in the native high-dimensional feature space, whereas introducing dimensionality reduction largely suppressed these benefits. SMOTE delivered the most robust and consistent improvements across tasks and augmentation levels. To assess biological realism, we introduced a fidelity framework combining feature-wise distribution comparisons, statistical concordance tests, and distance-based measures that compare synthetic-to-real variability against the natural variability between real classes. Most synthetic datasets stayed within biological diversity bounds, with deviations concentrated in the rarest subclasses. These results provide practical guidance on selecting and validating synthetic augmentation for neuronal subtype classification.

PMID:41455019 | DOI:10.1007/s12021-025-09761-2

Cancer Causes Control. 2025 Dec 27;37(1):14. doi: 10.1007/s10552-025-02082-4.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: While increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake is a major public health goal, it remains unclear whether screening rates consistently translate to high earlier-stage diagnosis at the community level. This study examined the relationship between screening and early stage CRC diagnosis, identifying barriers that may disrupt this pathway.

METHODS: We used census-tract-level data on CRC patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 in the Ohio Cancer Incidence Surveillance System, linked to community-level screening estimates from CDC PLACES (2018). Census tracts were grouped into sociodemographically similar communities using the Max-p regionalization method. We applied geographic weighted regression (GWR) to assess spatial variation in the screening-early diagnosis relationship and used the Variable Selection Using Random Forest (VSURF) algorithm to identify key predictors of early stage diagnosis. Linear regression models evaluated associations between predictors, screening, and early stage diagnosis.

RESULTS: 2,952 census tracts were aggregated into 869 communities for analysis. Higher screening rates were not consistently associated with early stage diagnosis, as revealed by GWR, which showed significant regional variation. VSURF identified structural factors, rather than screening uptake, as top predictors of early stage diagnosis. In multivariable models, uninsurance (β – 0.29) and public transportation dependence (β – 0.31) were associated with lower early stage diagnosis, while the screening rate was not independently associated.

CONCLUSIONS: Structural barriers may disrupt the screening-to-diagnosis pathway at the community level. Our findings underscore the importance of investing in follow-up infrastructure, including navigation and transportation, to ensure that screening achieves its goal of early detection.

PMID:41455016 | DOI:10.1007/s10552-025-02082-4

Cancer Causes Control. 2025 Dec 27;37(1):9. doi: 10.1007/s10552-025-02107-y.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Secondary malignant neoplasms of the retroperitoneum and peritoneum (SMNRP) indicate advanced disease and poor prognosis, yet their population-level mortality patterns remain underexplored. This study analyzed national trends and disparities in SMNRP-related mortality among US adults, forecasted future trends, and examined age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates (AAIRs and AAMRs) for the 10 primary cancers most frequently associated with SMNRP.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study used data from CDC WONDER (1999-2022) and US Cancer Statistics. We assessed temporal trends in SMNRP-related (ICD-10: C78.6) mortality in US adults aged ≥ 65, stratified by demographics, primary site of malignancy, and geography. AAMRs, AAIRs, and crude mortality rates (CMRs) were calculated per 100,000 population. Trends were analyzed using the Joinpoint Regression Program to estimate annual and average annual percent changes (APC and AAPC). Future trends were projected through 2035 using ETS and ARIMA models.

RESULTS: SMNRP-related AAMRs increased significantly from 1999 to 2022, rising from 3.3 to 12.4 per 100,000 (AAPC = 5.86%, 95% CI 5.56-6.29). Of the 61,583 deaths, 66.1% were females, with higher AAPCs (6.14%, 95% CI 5.93-6.35) than males (5.37%, 95% CI 4.75-6.15). Stratification by primary cancer site showed ovarian (12.9%) and colon (11.6%) cancers as the leading causes of death. AAIRs and cancer-specific AAMRs (irrespective of SMNRP) declined for most cancers. All racial groups showed ≥ threefold increases in AAMR, with Non-Hispanic Whites having the highest AAPC (6.00%, 95% CI 5.60-6.42). The 85 + age group had the highest CMRs. Regionally, the West showed the steepest increase. Urban areas consistently had higher AAMRs. Forecasting models projected AAMRs to reach ~ 24.5 per 100,000 by 2035.

CONCLUSION: SMNRP-related mortality has increased substantially among older US adults. As primary cancer outcomes improve, longer survival increases the risk of metastatic recurrence and progression. Enhanced detection, surveillance, and management are needed.

PMID:41455012 | DOI:10.1007/s10552-025-02107-y

Immunol Res. 2025 Dec 27;73(1):177. doi: 10.1007/s12026-025-09732-4.

ABSTRACT

This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the immunogenicity and maternal-fetal safety profile of RSV prefusion F (RSVpreF) vaccination during pregnancy. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of RSVpreF vaccination in pregnant women were included. Six RCTs, involving 17,212 participants, were analyzed. The vaccine significantly boosted maternal anti-RSV neutralizing antibody levels, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 1.40 for RSV-A and 1.11 for RSV-B, both with high statistical significance. Infants born to vaccinated mothers had a 49% reduced risk of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract illness within 180 days post-vaccination (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.40-0.64). Preterm birth rates did not differ significantly between the vaccine and placebo groups (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.87-1.37). The vaccine was not associated with increased risks of serious adverse events or perinatal complications. Maternal RSVpreF vaccination significantly elevates neutralizing antibody levels against RSV subtypes A and B without increasing the risk of serious adverse events or preterm delivery. These findings support the safety and immunogenicity of RSV vaccination in pregnant women, reinforcing its potential utility in protecting neonates against RSV-related morbidity.

PMID:41455011 | DOI:10.1007/s12026-025-09732-4

Carbon Balance Manag. 2025 Dec 27. doi: 10.1186/s13021-025-00387-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a vital element of regional carbon cycling, yet its magnitude and influencing factors remain poorly quantified. Existing large uncertainties in the distribution, trends, and drivers of DOC compromise the accuracy of terrestrial carbon budget estimations. This study compiled 1922 DOC data points from literature on four major Chinese river basins (i.e., the Songhua River Basin, Yellow River Basin, Yangtze River Basin, and Pearl River Basin) for the period 1997-2023. The spatiotemporal patterns and driving mechanisms of DOC in these basins were quantified and systematically analyzed. Key results are as follows: [1] Spatially, DOC concentration (C_DOC) exhibited a distinct “north high, south low” pattern nationally, while DOC flux (F_DOC) displayed an inverted “south high, north low” distribution. Temporally, C_DOC in the four basins all showed a statistically significant increasing trend, with an average annual rise of 0.04 mg L⁻¹ yr⁻¹. Meanwhile, the F_DOC into the sea in the Yangtze River Basin and Yellow River Basin also exhibited a statistically significant increase, with an average annual growth of 0.05 Tg yr⁻¹ [3]. Attribution analysis indicated that the spatiotemporal distribution of C_DOC was influenced by both climatic factors and human activities, whereas that of F_DOC was controlled primarily by streamflow. The findings of this study reflect the national distribution and dynamics of DOC in major Chinese rivers, and provide a valuable framework together with details of key parameters to support future research into global riverine carbon cycle models.

PMID:41455004 | DOI:10.1186/s13021-025-00387-0

Mycorrhiza. 2025 Dec 27;36(1):2. doi: 10.1007/s00572-025-01246-z.

ABSTRACT

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to alleviate cadmium (Cd) toxicity in plants; however, the conditions that maximize their efficiency remain poorly understood. While previous meta-analyses have documented general benefits of AMF in Cd-contaminated soils, none has systematically examined the interactive roles of soil pH, inoculant type, and plant biomass on Cd dynamics within the soil-plant system. Here, we present a comprehensive global meta-analysis (97 studies; >500 observations) using advanced statistical approaches, random-effects modeling, meta-regression, and structural equation modelling, to identify these key boundary conditions. AMF inoculation significantly (p < 0.0001) enhanced plant biomass, root and shoot length, and chlorophyll content, while markedly reducing shoot Cd concentration. Effects on antioxidant enzymes were variable and generally non-significant. Notably, AMF efficiency was strongly context-dependent: benefits were greater in acidic soils, and microbial consortia outperformed single-species inoculants in high-biomass plants by promoting root Cd immobilization. In contrast, total soil Cd concentration was a weak predictor of AMF effectiveness (meta-regression R² ≤ 2.03%), indicating that Cd bioavailability, largely determined by pH, is more critical than total metal load. Overall, our findings provide robust evidence that AMF symbiosis is a key bio-based strategy for mitigating Cd stress in plants. This study highlights soil pH, inoculant composition, and plant biomass as critical determinants of AMF efficiency and offers practical guidance for optimizing AMF-based phytostabilization and remediation in Cd-contaminated agroecosystems.

PMID:41454993 | DOI:10.1007/s00572-025-01246-z

Cancer Causes Control. 2025 Dec 27;37(1):5. doi: 10.1007/s10552-025-02086-0.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Rural communities frequently experience inequalities in cancer care compared to urban counterparts. Despite growing academic interest, there has been no global bibliometric analysis of rural cancer publications. Increasingly, global policies focus on place-based health inequalities; it is critical to understand the current state and emerging trends of rural cancer research. This analysis focuses on publication trends, including authors, citations, geography, collaboration (extent and patterns) and target journals.

METHODS: Web of Science and Scopus were searched from inception to 25th February 2025. Bibliometric methodology examined citation counts, authorship and publication sources. Results were converted into bibliographic data frames using the bibliometrix R package. All analysis and visual illustrations were in R 4.4.2.

RESULTS: Fifteen thousand seven hundred and twenty two documents were analysed (mean age, 10.6 years; average, 25.5 citations per document (2.2 per year)). Annual publication growth was 4.6%, with a marked increase in rural cancer research outputs since 2006. Research output was concentrated in a small number of high-income countries and institutions, but citation analysis showed that some smaller countries produced high-impact work. Rural cancer research activity is shaped by national, regional and geopolitical collaborations. Thematic gaps were identified in early diagnosis. Cancer-specific journals have most outputs, with rural health and public health journals also contributing to the dissemination of rural cancer research.

CONCLUSION: Rural cancer research is expanding but is geographically uneven. There is a need for increased investment in underrepresented regions and broader subject-specific coverage that is guided by intersectional and place-based approaches.

PMID:41454992 | DOI:10.1007/s10552-025-02086-0

Cancer Causes Control. 2025 Dec 27;37(1):7. doi: 10.1007/s10552-025-02113-0.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Malignant mesothelioma is a rare but aggressive cancer primarily linked to asbestos exposure. While pleural mesothelioma has been extensively studied, peritoneal mesothelioma remains less understood, especially regarding demographic disparities and geographic variation. This study examined demographic differences in trends and geographic variation in pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma incidence in Pennsylvania over a 30-year period.

METHODS: This population-based study analyzed mesothelioma incidence reported to the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry from 1990 to 2019. Trends were assessed by calculating age-adjusted and age-specific incidence rates and corresponding annual percent changes by sex, race and ethnicity, and age group. County-level standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were mapped to illustrate the spatial distributions of pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma.

RESULTS: Pleural mesothelioma incidence rates were significantly higher among men, White people, and people aged ≥ 60 years. Overall, pleural mesothelioma incidence increased until the early 2000s and declined thereafter. In contrast, peritoneal mesothelioma incidence remained low and stable, except for a significantly increasing trend observed among women and people aged < 60 years. The geographic distributions of peritoneal and pleural mesothelioma incidence across Pennsylvania counties showed overlapping areas of elevated SIRs in the southeastern, western, and north-central regions.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights distinct trends in pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma incidence, along with associated demographic disparities and geographic variation. These findings suggest that pleural mesothelioma incidence likely reflects historical occupational asbestos exposure, whereas peritoneal mesothelioma appears less strongly associated. Further research is warranted to clarify the associations between various sources of asbestos exposure and pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma risk.

PMID:41454983 | DOI:10.1007/s10552-025-02113-0

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2025 Dec 27. doi: 10.1007/s00406-025-02174-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Although neuroticism has been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the etiological relevance of individual neuroticism symptoms remains poorly understood. In this study, we employed Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and systematic Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to examine the potential causal effects of specific neuroticism symptoms on CVD. We obtained summary-level data on 13 specific neuroticism symptoms from the UK Biobank (ranging from 366,726-380,506 participants). Summary statistics for CVD originated from three European-descent GWASs with a total of 799,534 participants. LDSC was performed to investigate the genetic associations between specific neuroticism symptoms and CVD. The inversevariance weighted approach was applied to test the causality for the studied associations, together with extensive validation and sensitivity analyses to verify the main results. LDSC revealed significant genetic correlations between most neuroticism symptoms and CVD ri(r_g range: 0.0837-0.2041), except for “feeling tense” and “worrying after embarrassment”. Furthermore, MR analyses indicated that genetically predicted neuroticism sum-score was causally associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS) (OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.05-1.44) and myocardial infarction (MI) (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.02-1.41). Among individual symptoms, irritableness was associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (OR = 4.15; 95% CI = 1.17-14.68), mood swings was associated with IS (OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.01-1.68), coronary artery disease (OR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.35-2.20), and MI (OR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.29-2.35), and feeling fed up was associated with IS (OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.02-1.71). These results remained robust across multiple sensitivity analyses. Overall, our study provided genetic and causal evidence supporting the role of neuroticism sum-score, irritableness, mood swings, and feeling fed up as risk factors for CVD, highlighting potential targets for early intervention and prevention.

PMID:41454979 | DOI:10.1007/s00406-025-02174-x