Tag: pubmed

J Pediatr Nurs. 2021 Sep 28:S0882-5963(21)00286-4. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.09.018. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PROBLEM: This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of user-focused mobile health (mHealth) applications in paediatric chronic disease management.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Articles were included under the Population Intervention Comparator Outcome Study (PICOS) design framework for (P) children with a chronic disease, (I) mHealth user-focused apps, (C) usual care/control groups, (O) health outcomes related to chronic diseases, and (S) randomised controlled trials. This study followed the guidelines provided by Cochrane, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, and Mobile Health Evidence Reporting and Assessment.

SAMPLE: A comprehensive literature search screening was conducted via CINAHL, PubMed, CENTRAL, ELSEVIER, SAGE, Science Direct, Scopus, Taylor Francis, WoS, and IEEE XPLORE from inception to November 15, 2020.

RESULTS: The review included seven articles, which combined provided data for a total of 755 children. The effects of the mHealth applications on the investigated 31 unique outcomes of five chronic paediatric diseases were mixed, ranging from effective to no effect. The risk of bias in the included studies was mostly either high or concerning according to Risk of Bias tool 2.0. The mobile apps that were evaluated were not standalone apps but were designed to interact with and provide data to healthcare providers.

CONCLUSION: Some mHealth interventions in this systematic review produced clinically meaningful and statistically relevant reductions in health outcomes related to chronic disease management. However, based on the available data, it is not possible to make definitive conclusions concerning the preferred target population of the interventions.

IMPLICATION: mHealth apps may be beneficial in improving selected patient outcomes in chronic disease management. Our results may assist the digital health services of hospitals, paediatric nurses who are interested in mHealth, and children who have a chronic disease.

PMID:34598848 | DOI:10.1016/j.pedn.2021.09.018

J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Oct 1. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0351. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Insulin resistance may be associated with impaired lung function. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between insulin resistance and lung function in asthmatic children.

METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study on asthmatic children aged 6-18 years at Tertiary Care Center, India. Fasting serum glucose and insulin levels were analyzed to calculate the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in 90 children. Lung function tests were performed. Spearman correlation was used to assess the relationship between insulin resistance and lung function. Linear regression was done to adjust the potential confounders.

RESULTS: Insulin resistance was present in 15.5% of patients. We found a statistically significant inverse relationship between HOMA-IR and spirometric parameters such as forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% on Spearman correlation. However, adjusted regression for age, gender, and body mass index showed no significant association of lung function parameters with HOMA-IR.

CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance may be considered for the decline in lung function in asthmatic children.

PMID:34598376 | DOI:10.1515/jpem-2021-0351

Int J Biostat. 2021 Sep 30. doi: 10.1515/ijb-2020-0043. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We present in this paper a global methodology for the spike detection in a biological context of fluorescence recording of GnRH-neurons calcium activity. For this purpose we first propose a simple stochastic model that could mimic experimental time series by considering an autoregressive AR(1) process with a linear trend and specific innovations involving spiking times. Estimators of parameters with asymptotic normality are established and used to set up a statistical test on estimated innovations in order to detect spikes. We compare several procedures and illustrate on biological data the performance of our procedure.

PMID:34598374 | DOI:10.1515/ijb-2020-0043

Radiol Oncol. 2021 Sep 27. doi: 10.2478/raon-2021-0037. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: All the patients with suspected stroke are directed to whole-brain CT scan. The purpose of this scan is to look for early features of ischemia and to rule out alternative diagnoses than stroke. In case of ischemic stroke, CT diagnostics (including CT angiography) is used mainly to locate the occlusion and its size, while the Hounsfield Units (HU) values of the thrombus causing the stroke are usually overlooked on CT scan or considered not important. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the HU value is relevant and can help in better treatment planning.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: There were 25 patients included in the study, diagnosed with ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. In all patients, systemic thrombolysis was not successful and the mechanical recanalization was needed. The retrieved thrombi were also analyzed histologically for the determination of red blood cells (RBC) proportion. CT of the proximal MCA (M1) segment was analyzed for average HU value and its variability both in the occluded section and the symmetrical normal site. These CT parameters were then statistically studied for the possible correlations with different clinical, histological and procedure parameters using the Linear Regression and the Pearson correlation coefficient.

RESULTS: Relevant positive correlations were found between average HU value of thrombus and outcome modified Rankin Scale (mRS), initial mRS, number of passes with thrombectomy device as well as RBC proportion.

CONCLUSIONS: Results of the present study suggest that measured HU values in CT images of the cerebral thrombi may help in the assessment of thrombus compaction and therefore better treatment planning.

PMID:34598375 | DOI:10.2478/raon-2021-0037

Eur J Dent. 2021 Oct 1. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1731926. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Currently, dental implants are a predictable treatment option for oral rehabilitation; however, complications such as peri-implant diseases are increasing every day. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the efficacy, in vitro, of two protocols against cultures of periodontal biofilm and Staphylococcus aureus.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Petri dishes for each of the following groups were used: control groups (C)-plates inoculated with periodontal biofilm (C.B; n = 4) or S. aureus (C.SA; n = 4) without any treatment; laser groups-plates inoculated with periodontal biofilm (low-level laser therapy [LLLT].B; n = 4) or S. aureus (LLLT.SA; n = 4) and treated with LLLT (660 nm, 30 mW, 50 J/cm², and 47 seconds); antimicrobial photodynamic therapy groups (aPDT)-plates inoculated with periodontal biofilm (aPDT.B; n = 4) or S. aureus (aPDT.SA; n = 4) and treated with aPDT (red laser 660 nm, 30 mW, 50 J/cm², 47 seconds + toluidine blue O (TBO) 100 µg/mL, and 1 minute). After treatments were performed, the contents of all plates were diluted and seeded for counting colony-forming units (CFUs).

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Results were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s test, comparison of percentages, and independent t-tests with a 5% significance level.

RESULTS: Both treatments, LLLT and aPDT, significantly reduced the number of CFUs for the two types of culture, LLLT.B (3.69 × 10⁶ ± 0.20), aPDT.B (2.79 × 10⁶ ± 0.13), LLLT.SA (4.10 × 10⁶ ± 0.12), and aPDT.SA (3.23 × 10⁶ ± 0.10) when compared with control groups C.B (5.18 × 10⁶ ± 0.43) and C.SA (5.81 × 10⁶ ± 0.16; p = 0.000). When treatment groups were compared separately, there was also a statistically significant difference (p = 0.000). None of the protocols were able to eliminate cultured microorganisms.

CONCLUSION: The LLLT and aPDT protocols effectively reduced cultures of periodontal biofilm and S. aureus in vitro, with the superiority of aPDT.

PMID:34598294 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1731926

Eur J Dent. 2021 Oct 1. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1731928. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to assess (1) the prevalence of salivary and gastric Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in patients with and without periodontitis, (2) the prevalence of HP infection in patients with periodontitis according to its clinical classification, (3) the effect of periodontitis treatment in patients with or without gastric HP infection, and (4) if gastric HP eradication in combination with periodontitis treatment influences periodontitis clinical outcome.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three adults with periodontitis treated by quadrant scaling and root planning (QSRP). The simplified plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing index (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed pretreatment and 3 months of posttreatment. The patients were tested for oral and gastric HP. Gastric HP (+) patients received eradication therapy. A control group of 32 periodontically healthy volunteers was tested for oral and gastric HP. Saliva samples were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR); gastric HP was detected by urea breath test (UBT).

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Normality of variables assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, while the differences of pre- and post-treatment were analyzed by paired samples t-test. Differences between subgroups were compared by a Student’s t-test or a Mann-Whitney U-test. Comparisons of nominal variables were made by Pearson’s Chi-square test.

RESULTS: No saliva samples were positive for HP. Gastric HP was detected in six patients with periodontitis and seven controls (p > 0.05). HP infection affected patients with higher disease stages and grades. All HP (+) patients underwent successful eradication treatment. All clinical periodontitis indices improved following QSRP. HP (+) patients who received QSRP as adjunctive to eradication treatment showed improvement in BOP (p < 0.001), PI (p < 0.013), and CAL (p < 0.004) compared with HP (-) patients who received QSRP alone.

CONCLUSION: Periodontitis was not associated with gastric HP infection. Saliva was not a gastric HP supply reservoir. Gastric HP infection was associated with advanced stages and degrees of periodontitis. Although all periodontal clinical markers improved after QSRP, BOP, PI, and CAL, they were further improved when combined with eradication treatment. Periodontal evaluation and treatment combined with HP eradication are recommended in patients with HP gastric infection.

PMID:34598295 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1731928

J Reconstr Microsurg. 2021 Oct 1. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1735834. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Vasospasm is a major problem following microsurgical reconstruction which can result in the partial or complete loss of the flap tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of hydrodilatation for the prevention of vasospasm.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were used for this experimental study. Femoral arteries of were exposed, photographed, and transected. In group 1, group 2, and group 3 papaverine solution, hydrodilatation, and minimal mechanical dilatation (control group) was performed, respectively. The anastomosis was completed and the arteries were photographed again 10 minutes after completion of the anastomosis. Following 7-day period samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy were obtained.

RESULTS: The mean vessel diameters prior to transection were 0.43, 0.45, and 0.52 mm in the papaverine, hydrodilatation, and control groups, respectively. The mean vessel diameter 10 minutes following the completion of anastomosis was 0.76, 0.75, and 0.51 mm in the papaverine, hydrodilatation, and control groups, respectively. Median score for papaverine group regarding histological parameters of regular endothelial lining and lumen, neutrophil infiltration, vascular congestion, and edema in tunica adventitia was 2, 3, 2, and 3 positive, respectively. Median score for the papaverine group regarding histological parameters of regular endothelial lining and lumen, neutrophil infiltration, vascular congestion, and edema in tunica adventitia was 3, 3, 3, and 3 positive, respectively. All the histological scores were negative in the control group. The difference between the control group and the experiment groups 1 and 2 was significant regarding all four histological parameters (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Hydrodilatation and papaverine application were both effective in preventing vasospasm following microsurgical intervention but papaverine caused slightly less damage to the endothelial lining and less edema in the tunica adventitia when compared with the hydrodilatation. Hydrodilatation group showed a vasodilatory effect that was statistically similar to that of papaverine, which has a proven efficacy.

PMID:34598279 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1735834

Eur J Dent. 2021 Oct 1. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1734469. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to compare the resin-dentin interface of sound and eroded dentin using universal and total-etch adhesive systems.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty caries-free extracted human premolars were collected, and the occlusal surfaces were ground by using slow speed diamond disc with copious water supply until a flat superficial dentin was exposed. The test group underwent erosive cycle (n = 20), and another group (n = 20) was reserved for control group. Erosive protocol consisted of immersion in 1.23% citric acid for 1 minute every 12 hours and stored in artificial saliva. Both the control and eroded teeth were further subdivided (n = 10) for composite restoration by using either self-etch or total-etch systems. Then the tooth samples were sectioned longitudinally and observed under confocal laser scanning microscope at ×10 magnification to evaluate resin tag length and hybrid layer thickness.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data obtained were analyzed by using independent t-test.

RESULTS: The highest mean value of the resin tag length and thickness of hybrid layer was observed with total-etch system in sound dentin group compared with other groups (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The resin-dentin interface of sound dentin was found to be better than eroded dentin by using total-etch system. The resin-dentin interface of eroded dentin was superior to sound dentin by using self-etch adhesive system.

PMID:34598293 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1734469

J Neurosurg Spine. 2021 Oct 1:1-10. doi: 10.3171/2021.5.SPINE202105. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study assesses how degree of overlap, either before or after the critical operative portion, affects lumbar fusion outcomes.

METHODS: The authors retrospectively studied 3799 consecutive patients undergoing single-level, posterior-only lumbar fusion over 6 years (2013-2019) at a university health system. Outcomes recorded within 30-90 and 0-90 postoperative days included emergency department (ED) visit, readmission, reoperation, overall morbidity, and mortality. Furthermore, morbidity and mortality were recorded for the duration of follow-up. The amount of overlap that occurred before or after the critical portion of surgery was calculated as a percentage of total beginning or end operative time. Subsequent to initial whole-population analysis, coarsened exact-matched cohorts of patients were created with the least and most amounts of either beginning or end overlap. Univariate analysis was performed on both beginning and end overlap exact-matched cohorts, with significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Equivalent outcomes were observed when comparing exact-matched patients. Among the whole population, the degree of beginning overlap was correlated with reduced ED visits within 30-90 and 0-90 days (p = 0.007, p = 0.009; respectively), and less 0-90 day morbidity (p = 0.037). Degree of end overlap was correlated with fewer 30-90 day ED visits (p = 0.015). When comparing only patients with overlap, degree of beginning overlap was correlated with fewer 0-90 day reoperations (p = 0.022), and no outcomes were correlated with degree of end overlap.

CONCLUSIONS: The degree of overlap before or after the critical step of surgery does not lead to worse outcomes after lumbar fusion.

PMID:34598156 | DOI:10.3171/2021.5.SPINE202105

Opt Lett. 2021 Oct 1;46(19):5059-5062. doi: 10.1364/OL.436334.

ABSTRACT

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) can be used to evaluate blood flow based on spatial or temporal speckle statistics, but its accuracy is undermined by out-of-focus image blur. In this Letter, we show how the fraction of dynamic versus static light scattering is dependent on focus, and describe a deconvolution strategy to correct for out-of-focus blur. With the aid of a z-splitter, which enables instantaneous multifocus imaging, we demonstrate depth-resolved LSCI that can robustly extract multi-plane structural and flow-speed information simultaneously. This method is applied to in vivo imaging of blood vessels in a mouse cortex and provides improved estimates of blood flow speed throughout a depth range of 300µm.

PMID:34598268 | DOI:10.1364/OL.436334