Tag: pubmed

Med Glas (Zenica). 2021 Aug 1;18(2). doi: 10.17392/1353-21. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Aim To investigate the relationship between preoperative level of serum albumin in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), stage of CRC and postoperative complications. Methods This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at the Clinic for General and Abdominal Surgery of the University Clinical Centre Sarajevo (UCCS). A total of 107 patients surgically treated for CRC in the period between 2013 and 2018 were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups: with hypoalbuminemia (group A) and without hypoalbuminemia (group B). Results The average level of albumin in group A was 29 (25-32) g/L versus 39 (37-41) g/L in group B (p<0.05). The average length of hospital stay in group A was 18 (13-25) days, and in group B 14.5 (12-21) days. Patients with hypoalbuminemia (group A) had wound dehiscence more often and more re-interventions compared to group B (p<0.05). Binary logistic regression found that serum protein, albumin and globulin levels were not statistically significant in the prediction of CRC stadium or postoperative complications (p>0.05). Conclusion Study results show that preoperatively measured levels of serum albumin are not associated with the stage of colorectal cancer and cannot serve as predictors for postoperative complications.

PMID:34190507 | DOI:10.17392/1353-21

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2021 May;29(3):474-480. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-3-474-480.

ABSTRACT

The trends in economic situation requires periodic repetition of studies concerning qualitative evaluation of impact of medical, social and economic factors on population health at the regional level. The purpose of the study is to establish the relationship between the disability of children and the main medical, social and socioeconomic indices in the Russian Federation. The materials and methods. The official data on prevalence of disability in children of 0-17 years and the level of basic medical, social and socioeconomic indices were analyzed in the context of 83 subjects of the Russian Federation in 2017-2019. The demographic and epidemiological data and data on medical care support of children population were used as medical and social indices. The socioeconomic indices (unemployment rate, cash income, housing conditions and consumption of basic food products were used as the socioeconomic indices. The Spearman rank correlation method was used to determine the particular relationships. The results. It was established that the significant inter-regional variability of disability of children both in the Federal Okrugs and the subjects of The Russian Federation persists. The relationship of various degrees of intensity between the prevalence of disability of children in the subjects of the Russian Federation and many medical, social and socioeconomic factors such as demographic indices (fertility, mortality); level of primary and total morbidity of children of all age groups; medical care support (medical personnel, pediatric beds); unemployment level; average per capita cash income; percentage of population with cash incomes below cost of living; total area of residential premises that is on average per inhabitant; share of young families registered as needing housing from total number of families with children aged under 18 years; consumption of cheaper food. The conclusion. The obtained results are to be taken into account in the development of programs of preventing disability of children avoiding to place full responsibility on the health care system only.

PMID:34190479 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-3-474-480

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2021 May;29(3):481-485. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-3-481-485.

ABSTRACT

The issues of protecting the health of the children and adolescent population of Russia require detailed study of the regional characteristics of the indices of physical development, determined by anthropometric growth and weight criteria. The purpose of the study is to analyze the regional characteristics of average height and weight anthropometric indices of children of school age (7-17 years) living in various regions of the Russian Federation. The assessment of statistically significant differences in average height and weight anthropometric indices children of school age was carried out to establish the basis of developing normative indices of 10 regional “Standards of physical development of children of school age (7-17 years old)” covering such Federal Okrugs as the Central (Kostroma), North-West (St. Petersburg), North Caucasian (Makhachkala, Grozny, Vladikavkaz), Privolzhsky (Kazan, rural areas of the Republic of Tatarstan, Cheboksary ) and Far East (Yakutsk, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk). For the first time the statistical analysis considered simultaneously the anthropometric data of the population sample of the examined children of health groups I and II (healthy and practically healthy). Namely, 41030 persons were allocated to conditional age groups: junior (7-9 years), middle (10-14 years) and senior (15-17 years old) school age. The differences in regional height and weight indices of physical development of children were statistically significant only in groups of comparison of indices of height and body weight of schoolchildren in the older age group.

PMID:34190480 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-3-481-485

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2021 May;29(3):442-445. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-3-442-445.

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of analysis of diet habits of women in the Stavropol Krai. The study was carried out using single-stage structured interview quantitative survey. The respondent was guaranteed anonymity and the purpose of survey was explained. The questionnaire was targeted to identify diet habits of respondents and to establish their dependence with place of residence, infant feeding schedule, body mass index. The statistical data processing was performed using SPSS v. 24 software. The study demonstrated that majority of respondents feed in a fractional and varied way. The population often pays attention to the storage life of products while buying them. But only 12.5% respondents always control the caloric content of food. The obese women are more attentive to the energy value of food (pm0.001), as well as women feeding infant in a natural way (p=0.002). The respondents consume sweets and regularly add sugar to their drinks. Almost half of women assume that they need to lose weight and 37% tried to lose weight through dieting and 30% of respondents used various medications for weight loss. At that, only 21.2% of respondents were able to achieve the desired weight.

PMID:34190473 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-3-442-445

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2021 May;29(3):451-455. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-3-451-455.

ABSTRACT

The gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. N. gonorrhoeae being tropic to columnar epithelium, primarily infects mucosa of urogenital system, rectum, pharynx and conjunctiva. According the WHO, in 2016 about 87 million of new cases of gonorrhea were registered in the age group of 15-49 years old. The number of new gonorrhea cases increases steadily in many countries. The significant contribution into propagation of infection is made by males practicing sex with males, migrants, commercial sex workers, ethnic minorities. The undetected cervical gonococcus infection can result in such severe complications as inflammatory diseases of organs of small pelvis and infertility that directly impacts the reproductive losses of population. The anorectal and and pharyngeal gonorrhea very often takes asymptomatic course that complicates diagnostic and effects the statistical picture of morbidity. The apprehension of world trends in epidemiology of gonococcal infection can become a key point in implementation and development of national and international programs of prevention of propagation of this disease. The review of national and world publications concerning actual clinical epidemiological characteristics of gonococcus infection was implemented through such on-line search systems as PubMed, Google Scholar, BioMed Central (95 publications in total). The conclusions are made about steady increasing of morbidity due to propagation of infection in groups of risky sexual behavior, application of modern diagnostic means and patterns of clinical course of gonorrhea. The role of sexually transmitted infections in development of infertility, inflammatory diseases of organs of small pelvis, miscarriage and reproductive losses of poplation is marked.

PMID:34190475 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-3-451-455

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2021 May;29(3):456-461. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-3-456-461.

ABSTRACT

The increasing of longevity and quality of life and population health are considered as the most important component of human development index. The diseases of blood circulation system have leading rank in morbidity, disability and mortality of population of Russia representing one of the most actual problems of health care. The diseases of circulatory system negatively effect on physical and mental health, emotional conditions and social components of life activities. All the mentioned results related to cardiovascular diseases can be detected and measured through evaluation of indices of life quality of patients. In Russia, the directive documents and national programs concerning health care modernization were adopted to rectify the unfavorable medical demographic situation on national level through decreasing of mortality, morbidity and disability due to diseases of circulation system. The purpose of the study is to analyze social hygienic characteristic and life quality of patients with diseases of circulation system during 5 years prospective cross-sectional medical statistical study in the Nizhni Novgorod Oblast at the base of the “Specialized Cardio-surgery Clinical Hospital” of Nizhni Novgorod. The study included all patients with certain corresponding criteria of involvement being at hospital treatment in the pilot medical organization. The sampling included 420 patients. The life quality inventory SF-36 and questionnaire were applied to respondents during their first and control (5 years later) visits. The questionnaire covered social and working status, presence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. The study demonstrated that among respondents made no control of cholesterol level 40.3%, arterial blood pressure – 16% that determines necessity of amelioration of sanitary education activities of population. The low level of income (less than 6000 rubles per one member of family) was marked by 42% of respondents. At that, 77% had financial problems with medications purchasing that testifies necessity in co-financing with the state. The results of the study testify the positive impact of implementation of target programs of prevention of cardiovascular diseases on the life quality of patients in the pilot subject of The Russian Federation. The original technique of sociological surveys and evaluation of life quality of patients can be applied at the regional level in development of managerial decision making.

PMID:34190476 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-3-456-461

Cancer Med. 2021 Jun 30. doi: 10.1002/cam4.4036. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Patients with previous cancer are often excluded from clinical trials despite limited evidence about their prognosis. We examined the effect of previous cancer on overall and colorectal cancer (CRC)-specific survival of patients newly diagnosed with CRC. This population-based cohort study from the U.S.A. included patients aged ≥66 years and diagnosed with CRC between 2005 and 2015 in linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data. We estimated the stage-specific effects of a previous cancer on overall survival using Cox regression and on CRC-specific survival using competing risk regression. We also examined the effect of previous cancer type, timing, and stage on overall survival. Of 112,769 patients, 14.1% were previously diagnosed with another cancer–commonly prostate (32.9%) or breast (19.4%) cancer, with many (47.1%) diagnosed <5 years of CRC. For all CRC stages except IV, in which there was no difference, patients with previous cancer (vs. without) had worse overall survival. However, patients with previous cancer had improved CRC-specific survival. Overall survival for those with stage 0-III CRC varied by previous cancer type, timing, and stage; for example, patients with previous melanoma had overall survival equivalent to those with no previous cancer. Our results indicate that, in general, CRC patients with previous cancer have worse overall survival but superior CRC-specific survival. Given their equivalent survival to those without previous cancer, patients with previous melanoma and those with stage IV CRC with any type of previous cancer should be eligible to participate in clinical trials.

PMID:34190429 | DOI:10.1002/cam4.4036

Investig Clin Urol. 2021 Jul;62(4):389-398. doi: 10.4111/icu.20210113.

ABSTRACT

Urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract is uncommon and presents unique challenges for diagnosis and management. Nephroureterectomy has been the preferred management option, but it is associated with significant morbidity. Nephron-sparing treatments are a valuable alternative and provide similar efficacy in select cases. A PubMed literature review was performed in English language publications using the following search terms: urothelial carcinoma, upper tract, nephron-sparing, intraluminal and systemic therapy. Contemporary papers published within the last 10 years were primarily included. Where encountered, systematic reviews and meta-analyses were given priority, as were randomized controlled trials for newer treatments. Core guidelines were referenced and citations reviewed for inclusion. A summary of epidemiological data, clinical diagnosis, staging, and treatments focusing on nephron-sparing approaches to upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) are outlined. Nephron-sparing management strategies are viable options to consider in patients with favorable features of UTUC. Adjunctive therapies are being investigated but the data remains mixed. Protocol variability and dosage differences limit statistical interpretation. New mechanisms to improve treatment dwell times in the upper tracts are being designed with promising preliminary results. Studies investigating systemic therapies are ongoing but implications for nephron-sparing management are uncertain. Nephron-sparing management is an acceptable treatment modality best suited for favorable disease. More work is needed to determine if intraluminal and/or systemic therapies can further optimize treatment outcomes beyond resection alone.

PMID:34190434 | DOI:10.4111/icu.20210113

Int Wound J. 2021 Jun 30. doi: 10.1111/iwj.13656. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common but serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The factors distressing the worth of diabetic foot care (DFC) are knowledge and practice. Foot ulcers are the main cause of amputation and death in people suffering from DM. This study assessed the knowledge and practice of DFC and the prevalence of DFUs and its associated factors among diabetic patients of selected hospitals in the Volta Region, Ghana. A multihospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 473 patients with DM who were recruited using the systematic sampling method. Data were collected using a validated, pretested, and structured questionnaire, while medical variables were obtained from patient folders and analysed using SPSS version 23. All statistically significant parameters in bivariate analysis were incorporated in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results showed that 63% of diabetic patients had good knowledge of DFC, while 49% competently practiced it. A negative correlation was found between knowledge and practice levels of DFC (r = -0.15, P = <.01). The prevalence of DFUs was 8.7% among the studied diabetic patients. Male diabetic patients were 3.4 times more likely to develop DFUs than female diabetic patients (crude odd ratio [cOR] = 3.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.75-6.43; P = <.001). Type 1 diabetic patients were five times more likely to develop DFUs than those who had type 2 diabetes (cOR = 5.00; 95% CI = 2.50-10.00; P = <.001). Diabetic patients who had a family history of diabetes were 4.7 times more likely to develop DFUs than those without family history (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] = 4.66; 95% CI = 1.55-13.89; P = .006). Those who had diabetes for 5 to 10 years were 3.3 times more likely to develop DFUs than those who had diabetes for less than 5 years (aOR = 3.28; 95% CI = 1.40-7.67; P = .006). Diabetic patients who had comorbidity were 3.4 times more likely to develop DFUs than those without comorbidity (cOR = 3.35; 95% CI = 1.74-6.45; P = <.001). The study found that there was good knowledge but poor practices of DFC among patients. Health care providers are expected to better educate patients and emphasise self-care practices to patients. Health care providers should also give more attention to patients with associated risk factors to avoid further complications and reduce the occurrence of DFUs.

PMID:34190402 | DOI:10.1111/iwj.13656

Aust Endod J. 2021 Jun 30. doi: 10.1111/aej.12523. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study aimed to assess the root fenestration (RF) frequency in healthy, intact teeth and analyse their features in a Greek subpopulation. 432 CBCT scans were examined. 5486 teeth were evaluated for RF prevalence. RF prevalence and distribution were recorded for each jaw, tooth group, as well as patient age and sex. RF symmetry, distribution to the affected root surface and the effects of age and sex were evaluated. The prevalence of RF ranged from 0.57% (central incisors) to 7.18% (first premolars) and from 0.48% (second premolars) to 10.79% (lateral incisors) for the maxilla and the mandible, respectively. No symmetrical occurrence of RF was detected. Most RF patients presented one or two defects in both jaws. Types I and IV were the most prevalent in the maxilla, while Types III, II and V were the most prevalent in the mandible. No statistical difference was detected between different sexes and age groups (P > 0.05).

PMID:34190384 | DOI:10.1111/aej.12523