Tag: pubmed

Lupus. 2025 Sep 11:9612033251379313. doi: 10.1177/09612033251379313. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in Peru in 2017 and its association with altitude, environmental temperature, and physician density.MethodsThis ecological study was performed using population data from the 2017 Peruvian census. The number of SLE cases for each department was obtained from the National Health Registries using the ICD-10 code M32. Altitude, environmental temperature and physician density were obtained for each department from the National Institute of Statistics and Informatic (Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática) registries. The prevalence for each department was calculated adjusting for age and sex. Then a negative binomial regression was performed to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) and evaluate factors associated with the prevalence of SLE.ResultsThe national prevalence of SLE was 40.2 per 100,000 people. Two age groups had the highest prevalence: 12-17 years and 30-59 years. Females exhibited a higher prevalence than males, particularly in the 30-59 age group (113.9 vs 16.1 per 100,000, respectively). An inverse relationship was observed between the age- and sex-adjusted prevalence in each department and altitude (PR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94-0.99). On the other hand, there was a direct relationship with physician density (PR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.07). No association was found between the adjusted prevalence and environmental temperature or latitude.ConclusionThe prevalence of SLE in Peru aligns with global estimates. The inverse relationship with altitude and the direct association with physician density suggest that environmental and healthcare access factors may influence disease distribution. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms driving these associations.

PMID:40934430 | DOI:10.1177/09612033251379313

Phytopathology. 2025 Aug;115(8V):1051-1056. doi: 10.1094/Phyto-67-1051.

ABSTRACT

Powdery mildew development on the slow-mildewing wheat cultivar Knox was compared to that on the susceptible cultivar Vermillion over a period of 4 yr in the field at Lafayette, Indiana. Cultivars received three levels of nitrogen fertilizer to determine if high levels of N affected the expression of slow-mildewing in Knox wheat. Knox’s resistance was evident under conditions favoring moderate to severe disease on Vermillion. Under low nitrogen fertility or unfavorable weather there was little difference in level of mildew on the two cultivars; under more favorable conditions disease severity increased greatly on Vermillion but increased little on Knox. The area under the disease progress curve had a lower error variance than statistics associated with the logit transformation of severity data and hence was a superior measurement of slow-mildewing. Slow-mildewing remains effective under the highest rates of nitrogen fertilization likely to be applied to wheat. In breeding for slow-mildewing, high rates of N provide optimal conditions for recognition of this resistance.

PMID:40934422 | DOI:10.1094/Phyto-67-1051

Phytopathology. 2025 Aug;115(8V):1377-1383. doi: 10.1094/Phyto-68-1377.

ABSTRACT

Significant increases in growth and yield of potato plants were achieved by treating seedpieces with suspensions of two Pseudomonas spp. at ∼10⁹ colony-forming units (cfu)/ml prior to planting. The pseudomonads were selected from over 100 strains that were isolated from the surface of potato tubers and also exhibited antibiosis against Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora in vitro. The isolates were identified as strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida. These strains survived for at least 1 mo on treated seedpieces planted in loamy sand field soil at populations of ∼10⁹ cfu/0.785 cm². Also, they colonized developing potato roots and were the predominant bacteria in the rhizospheres up to 2 mo after planting. Bacterization of seedpieces planted in field soils in the greenhouse resulted in up to 100% increase in fresh weight of shoot and root systems in a 4-wk period. Statistically significant increases in yield ranged from 14 to 33% in five of nine field plots in California and Idaho. The pseudomonads had no effect on plant growth or tuber yield when seedpieces were planted in peat soil, or in soil that was relatively dry. Both Pseudomonas spp. were compatible with fungicides that were commonly used to treat seedpieces, except for manganese ethylenebisdithio-carbamate zinc salt (mancozeb). The mechanism by which these bacteria enhance plant growth and tuber yield may be associated with changes in the composition of rhizosphere bacterial flora.

PMID:40934416 | DOI:10.1094/Phyto-68-1377

J Sci Food Agric. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.70181. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) food printing enables precise customization and intricate shapes of food materials. The influence of printer control parameters on the printing performance of millet-based dough is still underexplored.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the effect of different printer control parameters on the millet dough printing performance, which is evaluated using height ratio, mass flow rate, and bending angle to enhance printing precision.

METHODOLOGY: The already optimized best printable formulation, of 40 g composite flour, 30 g shortening, 22 g jaggery, and 25 g water. The printer control parameters included nozzle diameter (ND) at 1.2, 1.6, and 2 mm; printing speed (PS) at 20, 25, and 30 mm/s; layer height (LH) at 35, 50, and 65% of ND; infill density (ID) at 40%, 60%, and 80%. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Artificial neural networks (ANN) were used for predictive modeling and comparing its statistical measures. Multi-objective optimization was performed through response surface methodology with desirability function (RSMDF) and Artificial neural networks with genetic algorithm (ANNGA). The best-performing printer control parameters were determined by validating the optimized conditions.

RESULTS: The ID and ND strongly influenced the height ratio. LH and ND significantly affect the mass flow rate. ID and LH were the significant parameters affecting the bending angle. While comparing the statistical measures for predictive modeling, the ANN exhibited lower root-mean-square error (RMSE) values (0.0013 for height ratio, 0.0336 for mass flow rate, and 0.202 for bending angle) and higher coefficient of determination (R²) values (0.97, 0.99, and 0.98, respectively) as compared to RSM. These results indicate that ANN has slightly better prediction capabilities than RSM. Based on the prediction capability performance of multi-objective optimization techniques, the ANNGA performs marginally better in predicting height ratio and mass flow rate with lower prediction errors (0.006 and 0.063, respectively) and higher accuracy (99.993 and 99.936, respectively) than the RSMDF model.

CONCLUSION: The optimal condition predicted by ANNGA was as follows: 2 mm of ND, 27.75 mm/s PS, 64.98% LH, and 67.80% ID were obtained for maximum height ratio (5.633), mass flow rate (5.633 g/min), and minimum bending angle (1°). © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

PMID:40934366 | DOI:10.1002/jsfa.70181

J Clin Ultrasound. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.1002/jcu.70080. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The trigger finger is one of the leading causes of finger pain and triggering. The flexor tendons are stabilized by a fibrous band called the annular pulley. The first annular pulley (A1 pulley) is located at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Trigger finger is characterized by thickening of the A1 pulley. There is a lack of clinical and ultrasonographic risk factors that may help clinicians. The main purpose of the study was to measure the thickness of the flexor tendon and A1 pulley in patients with trigger finger compared to healthy volunteers and to reveal risk factors of trigger finger.

METHODS: The study included 30 healthy volunteers and 30 patients with trigger fingers. The thickness of the flexor tendon and A1 pulley were measured using ultrasound. Multiple regression analysis was also conducted.

RESULTS: In the healthy group, the mean thickness of the flexor tendon and A1 pulley were 3.21 ± 0.64 and 0.40 ± 0.09 mm, respectively. In the TF group, the mean thickness of the flexor tendon and A1 pulley were 3.78 ± 0.86 and 0.49 ± 0.16 mm, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (p = 0.010 and p = 0.009, respectively). The mean thickness of the flexor tendon and A1 pulley of trigger finger were significantly higher than adjacent and contralateral healthy digits of the patients with trigger finger (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.019, p = 0.002, respectively). The risk of trigger finger was found to be 11.5 times higher in diabetic patients, 3.734 times higher in patients with a history of hand forcing, 2.912 times with a 1 mm increase in flexor tendon thickness, and 1.724 times with an increase of 0.1 mm in A1 pulley thickness.

CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the flexor tendon and A1 pulley were found to be more thickened in the trigger finger group compared to the controls. Diabetes mellitus, history of hand forcing, increased tendon, and A1 pulley thickness are among the risk factors associated with trigger finger.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Ultrasound Features of Trigger Finger, Registry number: NCT05675488.

PMID:40934299 | DOI:10.1002/jcu.70080

PLoS One. 2025 Sep 11;20(9):e0332179. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0332179. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a growing public health problem requiring urgent attention in Cameroon where emergency medical services (EMS) are underdeveloped. In other countries, training laypersons to provide prehospital care has been shown to improve injury outcomes, but requires buy-in from the persons being trained to provide care. To inform development of a lay first responder (LFR) program in Cameroon, this study aimed to assess the willingness of community members and associated factors to provide prehospital care for RTIs along the N3 highway, a road linking Cameroon’s two largest cities, known to have high incidence of RTIs.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of community members living along the N3 highway, between June 18th and August 16th, 2024. Health district officials and community leaders identified N3 communities across 11 health districts with high rates of RTI. Purposeful sampling was performed in each community to assess exposure to injury and willingness to participate in prehospital care. Trained research assistants verbally administered a structured questionnaire to each consenting household representative; data collected included socio-demographic characteristics, injury exposure, first aid knowledge and attitudes, and willingness to provide prehospital care to victims of RTIs. Associations between demographic factors and willingness to provide prehospital care were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 26.0 and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: A total of 449 adult community members were surveyed. Most [268 (59.7%)) respondents were male with a median age of 33 years (interquartile range: 26-40). The majority, 333 (74.6%) community members were willing to provide care to injured victims. However, a third [167 (37.2%)] had adequate knowledge (scored ≥ 80%) of first aid and only 23 (5%) had been trained in first aid. Factors independently associated with willingness to provide prehospital care included having adequate first aid knowledge (adjusted odd ratio (aOR) = 1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-2.81, p = 0.046), primary education (aOR=4.20, 95% CI: 1.19-4.81, p = 0.026) and secondary education (aOR=4.70, 95% CI: 1.34-16.53, p = 0.016) compared to respondents with no formal education, prior witness of RTI (aOR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.055-2.68, p = 0.028), being aged between 30 and 40 years (aOR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.06-3.14, p = 0.031) and community members being able to call dedicated phone numbers to report RTIs (aOR=3.11, 95% CI: 1.28-7.54, p = 0.012).

CONCLUSION: Most community members living in injury exposed-communities reported willingness to participate in prehospital care. However, first-aid knowledge is currently lacking in these communities. LFR training is needed in these communities to enable willing community members to contribute to prehospital efforts for RTIs along this road network.

PMID:40934280 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0332179

PLoS One. 2025 Sep 11;20(9):e0331023. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0331023. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a severe systemic infection that can result in organ dysfunction and mortality. Dyslipidemia emerges as a key player in the intricate web of sepsis pathogenesis. Yet, the causal relationship between blood lipid profiles and sepsis risk remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the association between genetically predicted lipid traits, drug targets, and sepsis.

METHODS: The UK Biobank’s Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) produced data on lipid and apolipoprotein characteristics. Four independent GWAS datasets were used to generate the sepsis statistics. The study utilized the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, which incorporates multivariable (MVMR) models, to assess the correlations between sepsis risk and lipid-related parameters. To gain further insight, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data were used to investigate the significant drug targets for lipid-lowering.

RESULTS: Increasing ApoA-1 levels was associated with a diminished risk of sepsis (under 75) (OR 0.927, 95% CI 0.861-0.999; p = 0.047). This inverse correlation persevered even after performing multivariable MR. Elevated levels of HDL-C were associated with a decreased risk of sepsis (under 75) (OR 0.897, 95% CI 0.838-0.960; P = 0.002) and incidence of sepsis (OR 0.883, 95% CI 0.820-0.951; P = 0.001), which was consistent across sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, a decrease in total cholesterol exhibited a causal effect on sepsis in multivariable MR (OR 0.779, 95% CI 0.642-0.944; P = 0.01). The genetic variants related to lowering LDL-C, located near the HMGCR and LDLR genes, were predicted to elevate the risk of sepsis. Moreover, genetic mimicry near the ANGPTL3 and LPL gene suggested that reducing the activity of ANGPTL3 and LPL (mimicking antisense anti-ANGPTL3 and LPL agents) was forecasted to decrease sepsis risk.

CONCLUSION: Genetically inferred elevated ApoA-1, total cholesterol, and HDL-C manifest a protective effect against sepsis. Within the 9 lipid-lowering drug targets investigated ANGPTL3 and LPL exhibit potential as candidate drug targets for sepsis.

PMID:40934270 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0331023

PLoS Genet. 2025 Sep 11;21(9):e1011819. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011819. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Interactions between risk factors and covariate-defined groups are commonly observed in complex diseases. Existing methods for detecting interactions typically require individual-level data. The data availability and the measurements of risk exposures and covariates often limit the power and applicability in assessing interactions. To address these limitations, we propose int2MR, an integrative Mendelian randomization (MR) method that leverages GWAS summary statistics on exposure traits and group-separated and/or combined GWAS statistics on outcome traits. The int2MR can assess a broad range of risk exposure effects on diseases and traits, revealing interactions unattainable with incomplete or limited individual-level data. Simulation studies demonstrate that int2MR effectively controls type I error rates under various settings while achieving considerable power gains with the integration of additional group-combined GWAS data. We applied int2MR to two data analyses. First, we identified risk exposures with sex-interaction effects on ADHD, and our results suggested potentially elevated inflammation in males. Second, we detected age-group-specific risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease pathologies in the oldest-old (age 95+); many of these factors were related to immune and inflammatory processes. Our findings suggest that reduced chronic inflammation may underlie the distinct pathological mechanisms observed in this age group. The int2MR is a robust and flexible tool for assessing group-specific or interaction effects, providing insights into disease mechanisms.

PMID:40934263 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1011819

Am J Health Promot. 2025 Sep 11:8901171251378722. doi: 10.1177/08901171251378722. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PurposePatient satisfaction is a key principle of high-quality care, important to all health systems. While evidenced-based guidelines recommend tobacco use counseling to all hospitalized patients who use tobacco, scant knowledge exists about patient satisfaction with these services. The Satisfaction with Inpatient Tobacco Treatment Study (1) proposes a novel survey tool to measure patient satisfaction with inpatient tobacco treatment and (2) provides survey results from our hospital’s Tobacco Treatment Program.DesignCreation and administration of an 8-item Likert scale survey to assess inpatient tobacco use counseling.Setting/SubjectsA random sample of inpatients who received remote inpatient tobacco use treatment at UNC Health’s Tobacco Treatment Program were selected for participation. The survey was administered by telephone and email.MeasuresSurvey items assessed constructs of patient satisfaction, resource availability pre- and post-discharge, the perceived benefits of inpatient tobacco treatment counseling, and patient-reported smoking cessation.AnalysisSurvey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Fisher’s Exact Tests.ResultsThe majority of respondents reported satisfaction with tobacco use counseling. 92% strongly agreed or agreed that the consultations improved their overall hospital experience and 90% said they quit or cut down on their tobacco use after discharge. Results did not vary significantly by race, insurance status, or gender.ConclusionPatient satisfaction with inpatient tobacco cessation treatment was high across multiple domains, as was patient-reported smoking cessation. The survey instrument can be further validated and adapted for program assessment and quality improvement in other tobacco treatment programs.

PMID:40934259 | DOI:10.1177/08901171251378722

PLoS One. 2025 Sep 11;20(9):e0313943. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313943. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of global death and disability, affecting one-third of adult population. Often overlooked in school-going adolescents, behavioural risk factors are crucial contributors to CVD risk which begin early and accelerate during adolescent period. This study aims to assess the behavioural risk factors and their associated determinants among adolescents of Tulsipur Sub-Metropolitan City, Nepal.

METHODS: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 361 adolescents aged 16-19 years studying in grade 11 and 12 from public and private schools. Schools were selected using a stratified proportionate sampling method. Data were collected through a self-administered, structured, and validated questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, behavioural risk factors of CVDs, and parental information. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyse the data.

RESULTS: The most prevalent behavioural risk factor was the consumption of calorie drinks (99%), followed by sedentary behaviour (60%), insufficient fruit and vegetable intake (57%), physical inactivity (35%), and consumption of processed food high in salt (33%). The prevalence of current smoking, alcohol consumption, and smokeless tobacco use was 12%, 10%, and 9% respectively. Key factors associated with the behavioural risk include maternal education, ethnicity, and education system. Parental tobacco and alcohol use were also associated with adolescent smoking and alcohol consumption.

CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of CVD risk factors among adolescents in Nepal highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions in both household and school settings. These interventions should aim to reduce behavioural risk factors to prevent the future burden of CVDs in resource-limited areas like Nepal.

PMID:40934233 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0313943