Tag: pubmed

World J Urol. 2021 Jun 2. doi: 10.1007/s00345-021-03751-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect and outcome of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) versus extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in patients with renal insufficiency.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective randomized clinical study of 104 renal insufficiency patients with renal stones (serum creatinine 2-4 mg/dl and eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m² more than 3 months) randomized into two groups: Group A underwent PNL; Group B underwent shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). Treatment effects and outcomes compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: Between Group A of 50 patients and Group B of 54 cases, demographic data showed no statistically significant differences. The stone-free rate was 84% in Group A versus 26.6% in Group B after the first SWL session. After completion of all SWL sessions, the rate was 88.9% for Group B. Comparing pre and postoperative results of Group A, there is significant improvement of serum creatinine concentrations by 9.1% (p = 0.001), significant improvement of creatinine clearance (p = 0.000) and eGFR (p = 0.003). Although regarding Group B preoperatively and 3 months after SWL there is significant improvement by 8.7% (p = 0.0001), which is less than that of Group A, there is also, improvement of eGFR by 6.7% (p = 0.001), which is less than the eGFR improvement in Group A (12.3%). But there is no statistically significant difference is noted for creatinine clearance in Group B (p = 0.09).

CONCLUSION: The outcomes for PNL and SWL in patients with renal insufficiency and renal stones are encouraging as minimally invasive procedures with no negative effects on kidney function.

PMID:34076752 | DOI:10.1007/s00345-021-03751-0

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2021 Jun 2. doi: 10.1007/s00402-021-03977-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Minimally invasive surgery using short stems in total hip arthroplasty gained more popularity. The differences in change of hip offset and implant positioning in minimally invasive approaches are not fully known. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the difference in reconstruction of hip offset and implant positioning in direct anterior approach (DAA) and minimally invasive anterolateral approach (AL MIS).

METHODS: A single surgeon series of 117 hips (117 patients; mean age 65.54 years ± 11.47; index surgery 2014-2018) were included and allocated into two groups: group A (DAA) with 70 hips and Group B (AL MIS) with 47 patients operated. In both groups the same type of cementless curved short hip stem and press fit cup was used.

RESULTS: Both groups showed an equal statistically significant increase of femoral (p < 0.001) and decrease of acetabular offset (p < 0.001). Between both groups no statistically significant difference in offset reconstruction, leg length difference or implant positioning could be found. Leg length increased in both groups significantly and leg length discrepancy showed no difference (group A: – 0.06 mm; group B: 1.11 mm; p < 0.001). A comparable number of cups were positioned outside the target zone regarding cup anteversion.

CONCLUSION: The usage of a curved short stem shows an equal reconstruction of femoro-acetabular offset, leg length and implant positioning in both MIS approaches. The results of this study show comparable results to the existing literature regarding change of offset and restoration of leg length. Malposition of the acetabular component regarding anteversion poses a risk.

PMID:34076711 | DOI:10.1007/s00402-021-03977-y

Insights Imaging. 2021 Jun 2;12(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13244-021-01008-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Feature reproducibility and model validation are two main challenges of radiomics. This study aims to systematically review radiomic feature reproducibility and predictive model validation strategies in studies dealing with CT and MRI radiomics of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. The ultimate goal is to promote achieving a consensus on these aspects in radiomic workflows and facilitate clinical transferability.

RESULTS: Out of 278 identified papers, forty-nine papers published between 2008 and 2020 were included. They dealt with radiomics of bone (n = 12) or soft-tissue (n = 37) tumors. Eighteen (37%) studies included a feature reproducibility analysis. Inter-/intra-reader segmentation variability was the theme of reproducibility analysis in 16 (33%) investigations, outnumbering the analyses focused on image acquisition or post-processing (n = 2, 4%). The intraclass correlation coefficient was the most commonly used statistical method to assess reproducibility, which ranged from 0.6 and 0.9. At least one machine learning validation technique was used for model development in 25 (51%) papers, and K-fold cross-validation was the most commonly employed. A clinical validation of the model was reported in 19 (39%) papers. It was performed using a separate dataset from the primary institution (i.e., internal validation) in 14 (29%) studies and an independent dataset related to different scanners or from another institution (i.e., independent validation) in 5 (10%) studies.

CONCLUSIONS: The issues of radiomic feature reproducibility and model validation varied largely among the studies dealing with musculoskeletal sarcomas and should be addressed in future investigations to bring the field of radiomics from a preclinical research area to the clinical stage.

PMID:34076740 | DOI:10.1186/s13244-021-01008-3

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021 Jun 2. doi: 10.1007/s00417-021-05252-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aims to analyze the success rate and functional outcome after revision surgery of persistent idiopathic full-thickness macular holes in a large patient cohort and to identify the optimal tamponade strategy and the value of new adjunctive manipulation techniques for persistent macular hole (pMH) closure.

METHODS: Retrospective, comparative, non-consecutive case series of all revisional surgeries for idiopathic pMH between 2011 and 2019 at the Eye Clinic Sulzbach were identified. Of 1163 idiopathic MH surgeries, 74 eyes of 74 patients had pMH. Of those, group 1 (n = 38) had vitrectomy with tamponade alone (20% sulfur hexafluoride gas, 15% hexafluoroethane gas, silicone oil 5000, Densiron®), while group 2 (n = 36) included tamponade with adjuvant manipulation (internal limiting membrane (ILM) translocation, subretinal fluid injection, epiretinal amniotic membrane, free retina graft, or autologous blood). Main statistical outcomes were anatomic closure rate, visual acuity (VA), minimum linear diameter (MLD), and base diameter (BD).

RESULTS: Overall total anatomical success rate was 81.1% and mean VA improved 3.5 lines from LogMAR 1.03 ± 0.30 to 0.68 ± 0.38 (p < .001). Preoperative MLD or BD had no effect on total anatomic success (p = 0.074, p = 0.134, respectively). When comparing the two groups, slightly better anatomic success rates were achieved in group 1 (84.2%) compared to that in group 2 (77.8%) (p = 0.68). Final VA in group 1 (LogMAR 0.67 ± 0.39) outperformed group 2 (LogMAR 0.86 ± 0.38) (p = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS: Revisional surgery for persistent idiopathic MH with tamponade alone had comparable anatomical closure but better VA outcomes, compared to tamponade with adjuvant manipulation.

PMID:34076741 | DOI:10.1007/s00417-021-05252-7

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jun 2:dgab335. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab335. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Fruit, but not fruit juice, intake is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, questions remain about the mechanisms by which fruits may confer protection. Aims were to examine associations between intake of fruit types and 1) measures of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and 2) diabetes at follow-up.

METHODS: Among participants of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, fruit and fruit juice intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Associations between fruit and fruit juice intake and 1) fasting plasma glucose, 2-h post-load plasma glucose, HOMA2 of β-cell function (HOMA2-%β), HOMA2 of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S), and fasting insulin levels at baseline and 2) the presence of diabetes at follow-up (5 and 12 years) were assessed using restricted cubic splines in logistic and linear regression models.

RESULTS: This population of 7,675 Australians (45% males) had a mean±SD age of 54±12 years at baseline. Total fruit intakes were inversely associated with serum insulin and HOMA2-%β, and positively associated with HOMA2-%S at baseline. Compared to participants with the lowest intakes (quartile 1), participants with moderate total fruit intakes (quartile 3) had a 36% lower odds of having diabetes at 5 years [OR (95% CI): 0.64 (0.44, 0.92)], after adjusting for dietary and lifestyle confounders. Associations with 12-year outcomes were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: A healthy diet including whole fruits, but not fruit juice, may play a role in mitigating T2DM risk.

PMID:34076673 | DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgab335

Inflamm Res. 2021 Jun 2. doi: 10.1007/s00011-021-01474-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN: This study aimed to understand the longitudinal relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and body mass index (BMI) from adolescence to early adulthood.

METHODS: CRP and BMI were collected from participants of the Raine Study Gen2 at 14-, 17-, 20- and 22-year follow-ups (n = 1312). A dual trajectory analysis was conducted to assess the association between CRP and BMI trajectories, providing conditional probabilities of membership of CRP trajectory membership given BMI trajectory membership. Best model fit was assessed by systematically fitting two to eight trajectory groups with linear and quadratic terms and comparing models according to the Bayesian Information Criterion statistic.

RESULTS: The three CRP trajectories were; “stable-low” (71.0%), “low-to-high” (13.8%) and “stable-high” (15.2%). Participants in a “high-increasing” BMI trajectory had a higher probability of being in the “stable-high” CRP trajectory (60.4% of participants). In contrast, individuals in the “medium-increasing” BMI trajectory did not have a significantly increased probability of being in the “stable-high” CRP trajectory.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings support that chronic sub-clinical inflammation is present through adolescence into early adulthood in some individuals. Targeting chronic sub-clinical inflammation though obesity prevention strategies may be important for improving future health outcomes.

PMID:34076706 | DOI:10.1007/s00011-021-01474-x

Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 1;11(1):11509. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90674-w.

ABSTRACT

The differentiation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and radiation pneumonitis (RP) is critically essential for selecting optimal clinical therapeutic strategies to manage post carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) in patients with NSCLC. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters and its textural image features to differentiate NSCLC from RP after CIRT to develop a differential diagnosis of malignancy and benign lesion. We retrospectively analyzed ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT image data from 32 patients with histopathologically proven NSCLC who were scheduled to undergo CIRT and 31 patients diagnosed with RP after CIRT. The SUV parameters, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) as well as fifty-six texture parameters derived from seven matrices were determined using PETSTAT image-analysis software. Data were statistically compared between NSCLC and RP using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Several texture parameters significantly differed between NSCLC and RP (p < 0.05). The parameters that were high in areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were as follows: SUV_max, 0.64; GLRLM run percentage, 0.83 and NGTDM coarseness, 0.82. Diagnostic accuracy was improved using GLRLM run percentage or NGTDM coarseness compared with SUV_max (p < 0.01). The texture parameters of ¹⁸F-FDG uptake yielded excellent outcomes for differentiating NSCLC from radiation pneumonitis after CIRT, which outperformed SUV-based evaluation. In particular, GLRLM run percentage and NGTDM coarseness of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT images would be appropriate parameters that can offer high diagnostic accuracy.

PMID:34075072 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-90674-w

Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 1;11(1):11432. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89482-z.

ABSTRACT

Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a mostly incurable inherited retinal degeneration affecting approximately 1 in 4000 individuals globally. The goal of this work was to identify drugs that can help patients suffering from the disease. To accomplish this, we screened drugs on a zebrafish autosomal dominant RP model. This model expresses a truncated human rhodopsin transgene (Q344X) causing significant rod degeneration by 7 days post-fertilization (dpf). Consequently, the larvae displayed a deficit in visual motor response (VMR) under scotopic condition. The diminished VMR was leveraged to screen an ENZO SCREEN-WELL REDOX library since oxidative stress is postulated to play a role in RP progression. Our screening identified a beta-blocker, carvedilol, that ameliorated the deficient VMR of the RP larvae and increased their rod number. Carvedilol may directly on rods as it affected the adrenergic pathway in the photoreceptor-like human Y79 cell line. Since carvedilol is an FDA-approved drug, our findings suggest that carvedilol can potentially be repurposed to treat autosomal dominant RP patients.

PMID:34075074 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-89482-z

Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2021 Jun 2;95:e202106078.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is a commonly diagnosed disease in nurses that, from recent years, has been linked to shift work and night work. Also, different components of work stress have such an impact on the nurses’ health and work, family and social conciliation. The objective of this research was to analyze the family and working characteristics of Spanish nurses who perform shift work (including night shifts) in search of possible associations with manifestations of psychosomatic stress and the risk of breast cancer.

METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted through a virtual questionnaire in a sample of 966 Registered Nurses in Spain between December 2019 and November 2020. A descriptive analysis of sociodemographic and occupational variables was performed, and statistically significant differences and associations were contrasted by estimating risks and confidence intervals.

RESULTS: The number of night shifts throughout life and the number of years worked were statistically significant for the association with breast cancer. In addition, other psychosomatic manifestations such as insomnia, palpitations or extreme tiredness were highlighted. Among the most appreciated aspects to generate job satisfaction, co-worker’s relationship was underlined.

CONCLUSIONS: Rotating shift work can cause multiple clinical alterations that could lead to problems related to family conciliation, self-care or employment wellness. It is important to control the physical, psychological and emotional overload of nurses.

PMID:34075016

Cell Death Discov. 2021 Jun 1;7(1):129. doi: 10.1038/s41420-021-00494-0.

ABSTRACT

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common form of gastrointestinal malignancies. A growing number of reports focusing on oxaliplatin (OXA) resistance in CRC treatment have revealed that drug resistance is an urgent issue in clinical applications, especially for finding effective therapeutic targets. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to play a critical role in tumor progressions and multi-drug resistance. The main aim of this study is to establish whether miR-5000-3p is an oncogene that is resistant to OXA and further confirm its underlying regulatory role in CRC. The OXA-associated gene expression dataset in CRC cells was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Statistical software R was used for significance analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OXA-resistant (OR)-CRC cells and CRC cells, and results indicated ubiquitin-specific peptidase 49 (USP49) was upregulated in OR-CRC cells. Luciferase reporter assay showed that USP49 was verified to act as a downstream target gene of miR-5000-3p. From the results of TCGA database, miR-5000-3p expression was upregulated and USP49 was downregulated in patients with CRC. The function of miR-5000-3p was detected using MTT assay, wound healing, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays. Moreover, through in vitro and in vivo experiments, miR-5000-3p expression was confirmed to be upregulated in CRC cells or OR-CRC cells comparing to normal cell lines. Molecular mechanism assays revealed that USP49 binds to the miR-5000-3p promoter to increase the expression of miR-5000-3p, resulting in cancer cells sensitized to OXA. To sum up, these results suggest that miR-5000-3p may be a novel biomarker involved in drug-resistance progression of CRC. Moreover, the drug-resistance mechanism of miR-5000-3p/USP49 axis provides new treatment strategies for CRC in clinical trials.

PMID:34075026 | DOI:10.1038/s41420-021-00494-0