Tag: pubmed

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2021;121(4. Vyp. 2):103-109. doi: 10.17116/jnevro2021121402103.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess fetal cardiac activity with simultaneous polysomnographic (PSG) study of pregnancy with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-nine women, aged 18-30 years, 30-34 weeks pregnant, complaining of snoring, with a positive rating in 2 and/or 3 sections of the Berlin Sleep Questionnaire were included in the study. Sixteen pregnant women with the corresponding gestational age, without complaints of snoring, made up the control group. All participants underwent PSG monitoring and fetal cardiotocography (CTG) according to standard techniques.

RESULTS: PSG results demonstrate significant changes in sleep patterns in pregnant women with OSAS. There is a significant reduction in SWS 3, REM. High AHI, accompanied by desaturation and the appearance of activation EEG- patterns of cyclic alternations are characterized the sleep of pregnant women with OSAS. Analysis of CTG results shows that the average values of the basal rhythm are statistically higher in women with OSAS than in the control group. Also, the indicators of the amplitude of the oscillations, the frequency of oscillations and the number of movements in 30 minutes are statistically significantly different. Reaction of the fetus to episodes of apnea in the form of active perturbation, changes in heart rate as bradycardia (to 105-110 beats per minute) or tachycardia (to 155-160 beats per minute) compared to basal level (140 beats per minute) are noted.

CONCLUSION: OSAS during nocturnal sleep in pregnant women causes the changes in motor activity and cardiac activity of the fetus that indicates fetal hypoxemia.

PMID:34078868 | DOI:10.17116/jnevro2021121402103

Transl Psychiatry. 2021 Jun 2;11(1):340. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01463-y.

ABSTRACT

Childhood maltreatment may have an influence on anxiety symptoms and coping styles. This longitudinal study aimed to estimate the prospective associations between different types of childhood maltreatment and anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents, with a particular focus on investigating whether these associations vary by the tendency of coping styles. Data were from the Longitudinal Study of Adolescents’ Mental and Behavioral Well-being Research. The baseline sample included 1957 participants (response rate: 99.03%) and followed up at 1-year later (n = 1836, retention rate: 93.8%). Anxiety symptoms, childhood maltreatment, the tendency of coping styles, morning cortisol level, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and other demographics were measured. Overall, the mean age of the baseline students was 13.6 (SD: 1.5) years. The final results showed that childhood emotional abuse (unstandardized β-estimate = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.07-0.18), physical abuse (unstandardized β-estimate = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.01-0.16), and sexual abuse (unstandardized β-estimate = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.04-0.29) were positively associated with anxiety symptoms at follow-up after adjusting for significant covariates at baseline. Additionally, the stratified analyses demonstrated that only among students with negative coping styles, childhood emotional abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse were associated with subsequent anxiety symptoms; the differences between the positive and negative coping style strata were significant (P < 0.05). Childhood maltreatment appears to be a predictor of anxiety symptoms among adolescents, and the tendency of coping styles may have a moderating role in these longitudinal associations. The efforts to prevent anxiety symptoms are recommended to be focused on adolescents with the experience of childhood maltreatment and negative coping styles.

PMID:34078876 | DOI:10.1038/s41398-021-01463-y

Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2021 Jun 3;95:e202106079.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Homelessness, which is a severe social problem across Europe and on the rise over the past decade, is closely linked to organic and mental health problems. In front of the lack of diagnostic analysis studies in the Spanish territory, this research aimed to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of a sample of individuals experiencing homelessness (IEH), to determine the prevalence of diagnoses of substance use disorders, dual pathology and other mental disorders and to analyze the existence of diagnostic differences between IEH born in the country and immigrant IEH.

METHODS: A transversal and observational study was carried out, based on the analysis of mental health diagnostics of the medical histories of a sample of 1,072 IEH (453 locals and 619 immigrants) assisted between 2008 and 2017 in mental health services in Girona, northeastern Spain. For the statistical analysis, Student’s t test was used to compare means and the chi-squared test was used for the analysis of qualitative variables. A binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to establish the predictor variables for the diagnosis of drug addiction and dual pathology.

RESULTS: IEH showed high rates of mental disorders, especially psychoactive substances (82.6% of diagnosed people). 43.9% of IEH showed alcohol dependence as the reason for their diagnosis, followed by cocaine addiction and opiates. Foreign born IEH had more diagnoses for alcohol dependence and less for opiates or dual pathology than spanish born IEH. IEH born in Spain showed a higher vulnerability and received more mental health diagnoses than immigrant IEH.

CONCLUSIONS: Even though immigrant PESS show more diagnoses for alcohol dependence, PESS born in Spain show a higher vulnerability and receive more mental health diagnoses than immigrant PESS. The process of migrating seems to establish a difference in the kind of mental disorders and addictions the PESS collective is prone to.

PMID:34078851

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2021;121(4. Vyp. 2):31-35. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202112104231.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To test hypothesis that music embedded with binaural beats can boost activity of parasympathetic part of autonomic nervous system (PPANS) with the development of nap.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The power of high-frequency component of heart rate variability spectrum computed on successive 2-minute intervals during 20-minute nap was a comparison criterion. The criterion was compared during nap accompanied by music with embedded binaural beats (stimulus condition) and nap in silence (control condition).

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Statistical comparison revealed the increase of PPANS activity during nap in stimulus condition vs. control condition. It is consistent with conclusions of other papers about positive effect of sound stimuli embedded with binaural beats on PPANS.

PMID:34078857 | DOI:10.17116/jnevro202112104231

Biol Pharm Bull. 2021;44(6):804-815. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b20-01043.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present study was to identify a plasma protein biomarker able to predict pre-eclampsia (PE). Comprehensive quantitative proteomics using mass spectrometry with sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra (SWATH-MS) was applied to plasma samples of 7 PE and 14 healthy pregnant women (for PE subjects, plasma samples were taken before onset of PE), and 11 proteins were selected as candidates potentially able to differentiate the two groups. Plasmas collected at gestational weeks 14-24 from 36 PE and 120 healthy pregnant women (for PE subjects, plasma samples were taken before onset of PE) were used to conduct selected reaction monitoring quantification analysis, optimize protein combinations and conduct internal validation, which consisted of 30 iterations of 10-fold cross-validation using multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The combination of afamin, fibronectin, and sex-hormone-binding globulin was selected as the best candidate. The 3-protein combination predictive model (predictive equation and cut-off value) generated using the internal validation subjects was successfully validated in another group of validation subjects (36 PE and 54 healthy (for PE subjects, plasma samples were taken before onset of PE)) and showed good predictive performance, with the area under the curve (AUC) 0.835 and odds ratio 13.43. In conclusion, we newly identified a 3-protein combination biomarker and established a predictive equation and cut-off value that can predict the onset of PE based on analysis of plasma samples collected during gestational weeks 14-24.

PMID:34078812 | DOI:10.1248/bpb.b20-01043

Circ J. 2021 Jun 3. doi: 10.1253/circj.CJ-20-1115. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on long-term outcomes following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the era of modern primary PCI with optimal medical therapy is still in debate.Methods and Results:A total of 3,281 patients with AMI were enrolled in the J-MINUET registry, with primary PCI of 93.1% in STEMI. CKD stage on admission was classified into: no CKD (eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m²); moderate CKD (60>eGFR≥30 mL/min/1.73 m²); and severe CKD (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m²). While the primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, the secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as a composite of all-cause death, cardiac failure, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Of the 3,281 patients, 1,878 had no CKD, 1,073 had moderate CKD and 330 had severe CKD. Pre-person-days age- and sex-adjusted in-hospital mortality significantly increased from 0.014% in no CKD through 0.042% in moderate CKD to 0.084% in severe CKD (P<0.0001). Three-year mortality and MACE significantly deteriorated from 5.09% and 15.8% in no CKD through 16.3% and 38.2% in moderate CKD to 36.7% and 57.9% in severe CKD, respectively (P<0.0001). C-index significantly increased from the basic model of 0.815 (0.788-0.841) to 0.831 (0.806-0.857), as well as 0.731 (0.708-0.755) to 0.740 (0.717-0.764) when adding CKD stage to the basic model in predicting 3-year mortality (P=0.013; net reclassification improvement [NRI] 0.486, P<0.0001) and MACE (P=0.046; NRI 0.331, P<0.0001) respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: CKD remains a useful predictor of in-hospital and 3-year mortality as well as MACE after AMI in the modern PCI and optimal medical therapy era.

PMID:34078824 | DOI:10.1253/circj.CJ-20-1115

Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2021 Jun 1;22(6):572-575. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000002738.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:34078843 | DOI:10.1097/PCC.0000000000002738

J Chest Surg. 2021 Jun 5;54(3):191-199. doi: 10.5090/jcs.20.146.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tracheal replacement is a challenge for thoracic surgeons due to stenosis in the trachea-prosthesis anastomosis. We propose that stenosis occurs due to fibrosis as a result of an abnormal healing process, characterized by an increased expression of wound healing growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], survivin, and CD31), which promote angiogenesis and decrease apoptosis. We analyzed the immunoreactivity of VEGF, survivin, CD31, and caspase-3 in the development of fibrotic stenosis in prosthetic tracheal replacement.

METHODS: Fourteen dogs were operated on: group I (n=7) received a 6-ring cervical tracheal segment autograft, while in group II (n=7), a 6-ring segment of the cervical trachea was resected and tracheal continuity was restored with a Dacron prosthesis. The follow-up was 3 months. Immunoreactivity studies for VEGF, survivin, CD31, and caspase-3 were performed. A statistical analysis was done using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.

RESULTS: Four animals in group I were euthanized on the 10th postoperative day due to autograft necrosis. Three animals completed the study without anastomotic stenosis. Moderate expression of VEGF (p=0.038), survivin (p=0.038), and CD31 (p=0.038) was found. All group II animals developed stenosis in the trachea-prosthesis anastomotic sites. Microscopy showed abundant collagen and neovascularization vessels. Statistically significant immunoreactive expression of VEGF (p=0.015), survivin (p=0.017), and CD31 (p=0.011) was observed. No expression of caspase-3 was found.

CONCLUSION: We found a strong correlation between fibrosis in trachea-prosthesis anastomoses and excessive angiogenesis, moderate to intense VEGF, CD31, and survivin expression, and null apoptotic activity. These factors led to uncontrolled collagen production.

PMID:34078753 | DOI:10.5090/jcs.20.146

J Oleo Sci. 2021;70(6):837-848. doi: 10.5650/jos.ess20104.

ABSTRACT

The current study was carried out to estimate the protective effect of methanolic extract of Chaetomorpha gracilis (MECG) against High Cholesterol Diet (HCD) induced erythrocyte damage in mice. The results of the in vitro assay showed that MECG have higher antioxidant capacities in the DPPH, TAC, ABTS, NBT, NO^. inhibition assays. The HPLC analysis confirmed that this potential antioxidant seems to be due to the active compounds, in particular polyphenols, flavonoids. HCD promoted oxidative stress with a rise the level of malonaldehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) levels and a significant decrease of the Vitamin C content, as well the antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. In addition, HCD treatment caused significant lipid profile disorders via increase the cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL levels and reduction HDL-Ch level. A statistically significant decrease of Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ATPase activities accompanied with a severe damage in the erythrocytes structure and hematological parameters alterations were also noted in hypercholesterolemic mice. Pre-treatment with MECG significantly restored biochemical markers and pathological lesions. It can be suggest that supplementation of MECG displays high potential to quench free radicals and attenuates high cholesterol diet induced erythrocytes oxidative stress and related damages.

PMID:34078760 | DOI:10.5650/jos.ess20104

Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2021;69(6):548-556. doi: 10.1248/cpb.c20-01016.

ABSTRACT

Soft sensors play a crucial role as process analytical technology (PAT) tools. They are classified into physical models, statistical models, and their hybrid models. In general, statistical models are better estimators than physical models. In this study, two types of standard statistical models using process parameters (PPs) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were investigated in terms of prediction accuracy and development cost. Locally weighted partial least squares regression (LW-PLSR), a type of nonlinear regression method, was utilized. Development cost was defined as the cost of goods required to construct an accurate model of commercial-scale equipment. Eleven granulation lots consisting of three laboratory-scale, two pilot-scale, and six commercial-scale lots were prepared. Three commercial-scale granulation lots were selected as a validation dataset, and the remaining eight granulation lots were utilized as calibration datasets. The results demonstrated that the PP-based and NIRS-based LW-PLSR models achieved high prediction accuracy without using the commercial-scale data in the calibration dataset. This practical case study clarified that the construction of accurate LW-PLSR models requires the calibration samples with the following two features: 1) located near the validation samples on the subspace spanned by principal components (PCs), and 2) having a wide range of variations in PC scores. In addition, it was confirmed that the reduction in cost and mass fraction of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) made the PP-based models more cost-effective than the NIRS-based models. The present work supports to build accurate models efficiently and save the development cost of PAT.

PMID:34078801 | DOI:10.1248/cpb.c20-01016