Tag: pubmed

BDJ Open. 2021 Aug 12;7(1):30. doi: 10.1038/s41405-021-00083-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Immediate loading is an attractive option for avoiding secondary surgery. However, it is unclear whether it provides a better aesthetic outcome compared to conventional loading with implants placed in healed ridges.

AIMS: To compare the aesthetic outcomes of immediately and conventionally loaded single implants in healed anterior maxillary ridges.

METHODOLOGY: A systematic review using PICO was conducted. EMBASE, MEDLINE and DoSS databases were searched. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for Randomised Controlled Trials and the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool for other study designs were used for quality appraisal. A narrative synthesis was undertaken.

RESULTS: A total of 622 articles were identified. After screening, a total of five papers were included. Results indicated no statistically significant difference in pink or white aesthetic scores between the immediate and conventional loading groups at 1- and 5-year review and the Papilla Index at the 1-year review.

CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this review, immediate loading of single implants provides a comparable aesthetic outcome to conventional loading in healed ridges of the anterior maxillary.

PMID:34385413 | DOI:10.1038/s41405-021-00083-4

J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021 Aug 12:ASN.2020121694. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2020121694. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The association between variabilities in body mass index (BMI) or metabolic parameters and prognosis of patients with CKD has rarely been studied.

METHODS: In this retrospective observational study on the basis of South Korea’s national health screening database, we identified individuals who received ≥3 health screenings, including those with persistent predialysis CKD (eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m² or dipstick albuminuria ≥1). The study exposure was variability in BMI or metabolic parameters until baseline assessment, calculated as the variation independent of the mean and stratified into quartiles (with Q4 the highest quartile and Q1 the lowest). We used Cox regression adjusted for various clinical characteristics to analyze risks of all-cause mortality and incident myocardial infarction, stroke, and KRT.

RESULTS: The study included 84,636 patients with predialysis CKD. Comparing Q4 versus Q1, higher BMI variability was significantly associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.66; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.53 to 1.81), P [for trend] <0.001), KRT (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.33; P<0.001), myocardial infarction (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.36, P=0.003), and stroke (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.33, P=0.01). The results were similar in the subgroups divided according to positive or negative trends in BMI during the exposure assessment period. Variabilities in certain metabolic syndrome components (e.g., fasting blood glucose) also were significantly associated with prognosis of patients with predialysis CKD. Those with a higher number of metabolic syndrome components with high variability had a worse prognosis.

CONCLUSIONS: Higher variabilities in BMI and certain metabolic syndrome components are significantly associated with a worse prognosis in patients with predialysis CKD.

PMID:34385363 | DOI:10.1681/ASN.2020121694

J Nucl Med. 2021 Aug 12:jnumed.121.262473. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262473. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Background: Better biomarkers are needed to predict treatment outcome in NSCLC patients treated with anti PD-(L)1 checkpoint inhibitors. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry has limited predictive value, possibly due to tumor heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression. Noninvasive PD-L1 imaging using ⁸⁹Zr-durvalumab might provide a better reflection of tumor PD-L1 expression and can therefore support treatment decision making. Patients and Methods: NSCLC patients eligible for second line immunotherapy treatment were enrolled. Patients received two injections of ⁸⁹Zr-durvalumab; one without a preceding dose of unlabeled durvalumab (‘tracer dose only’) and one with a preceding dose of 750 mg durvalumab, directly prior to tracer injection. Up to four PET/CT scans were obtained after tracer injection. Post-imaging acquisition, patients were treated with 750mg durvalumab every two weeks. Tracer biodistribution and tumor uptake were visually assessed and quantified as standardized uptake value (SUV) and both imaging acquisitions were compared. Tumor tracer uptake was correlated with PD-L1 expression and clinical outcome, defined as treatment response to durvalumab treatment. Results: Thirteen patients were included and ten completed all scheduled PET scans. No tracer related adverse events were observed and all patients started durvalumab treatment. Biodistribution analysis showed ⁸⁹Zr-durvalumab accumulation in the blood pool, liver and spleen. Serial imaging showed that image acquisition 120 hours post injection delivered the best tumor to blood pool ratio. Most tumor lesions were visualized with the tracer-dose only versus the co-injection imaging acquisition (25% vs 13.5% of all lesions). Uptake heterogeneity was observed within (range SUVpeak 0.2 to 15.1) and between patients. Tumor uptake was higher in patients with treatment response or stable disease, compared to patients with disease progression according to RECIST 1.1. However, this difference was not statistically significant (median SUVpeak 4.9 vs 2.4, P = 0.06). SUVpeak correlated better with the combined tumor and immune cell PD-L1 score than with PD-L1 expression on tumor cells, although both were not statistically significant (P = 0.06 and P = 0.93, respectively). Conclusion: ⁸⁹Zr-durvalumab was safe without any tracer related adverse events and more tumor lesions were visualized using the tracer dose only imaging acquisition. ⁸⁹Zr-durvalumab tumor uptake was higher in patients with response to durvalumab treatment, but did not correlate with tumor PD-L1 IHC.

PMID:34385342 | DOI:10.2967/jnumed.121.262473

Science. 2021 Aug 12:eaba7408. doi: 10.1126/science.aba7408. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Biological mechanisms underlying human germline mutations remain largely unknown. We statistically decompose variation in the rate and spectra of mutations along the genome using volume-regularized nonnegative matrix factorization. The analysis of a sequencing dataset (TOPMed) reveals nine processes that explain the variation in mutation properties between loci. We provide a biological interpretation for seven of these processes. We associate one process with bulky DNA lesions that resolve asymmetrically with respect to transcription and replication. Two processes track direction of replication fork and replication timing, respectively. We identify a mutagenic effect of active demethylation primarily acting in regulatory regions and a mutagenic effect of LINE repeats. We localize a mutagenic process specific to oocytes from population sequencing data. This process appears transcriptionally asymmetric.

PMID:34385354 | DOI:10.1126/science.aba7408

J Nucl Med. 2021 Aug 12:jnumed.121.262471. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262471. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We investigated whether the time between synthesis and injection and the resulting decrease in specific activity affects the normal organ and tumor uptake of the PSMA ligand, ¹⁸F-rhPSMA-7.3, in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: The biodistribution of ¹⁸F-rhPSMA-7.3 on PET/CT scans performed with a high specific activity (median = 178.9MBq/µg, n = 42) and a low specific activity (median = 19.3MBq/µg, n = 42) were compared. Results: Tracer uptake by the parotid gland, submandibular gland and spleen was moderately, but significantly lower in the “low specific activity” group than in the “high specific activity” group (median SUVmean 16.7 vs. 19.2; 18.1 vs. 22.3, and 7.8 vs. 9.6, respectively). No other statistically significant differences were found for normal organs or tumor lesions. Conclusion: A 10-fold decrease in specific activity has only minor effects on the biodistribution of ¹⁸F-rhPSMA-7.3. These findings suggest that ¹⁸F-labeled PSMA ligands can be centrally produced and shipped to PET clinics in a similar way to ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose.

PMID:34385338 | DOI:10.2967/jnumed.121.262471

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Aug 17;118(33):e2108064118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2108064118.

ABSTRACT

We study an analog of Serre’s modularity conjecture for projective representations [Formula: see text], where K is a totally real number field. We prove cases of this conjecture when [Formula: see text].

PMID:34385325 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2108064118

Eur Respir J. 2021 Aug 12:2101209. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01209-2021. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Individual case series and cohort studies have reported conflicting results on the vulnerability to and risk of mortality of people with asthma from COVID-19.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Are people with asthma at a higher risk of being infected, hospitalised or of poorer clinical outcomes from COVID-19?

METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on five main databases including the WHO COVID-19 database between December 1, 2019 to July 11, 2021 on studies with a control (non-asthma) group was conducted. Prevalence and risk ratios were pooled using Sidik-Jonkman random effects meta-analyses.

FINDINGS: Fifty-one studies with an 8.08% (95% CI 6.87-9.30) pooled prevalence of people with asthma among COVID-19 positive cases. The risk ratios were 0.83 (95% CI 0.73-0.95, p=0.01) for acquiring COVID-19; 1.18 (95% CI 0.98-1.42, p=0.08) for hospitalisation; 1.21 (95% CI 0.97-1.51, p=0.09) for ICU admission; 1.06 (95% CI 0.82-1.36, p=0.65) for ventilator use and 0.94 (95% CI 0.76-1.17; p=0.58) for mortality for people with asthma. Subgroup analyses by continent revealed a significant difference in risk of acquiring COVID-19, ICU admission, ventilator use and death between the continents.

INTERPRETATION: The risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 was reduced compared to the non-asthma group. No statistically significant differences in hospitalisation, ICU admission and ventilator use were found between groups. Subgroup analyses showed significant differences in outcomes from COVID-19 between America, Europe and Asia. Additional studies are required to confirm this risk profile, particularly in Africa and South America where few studies originate.

PMID:34385278 | DOI:10.1183/13993003.01209-2021

BMJ Health Care Inform. 2021 Aug;28(1):e100349. doi: 10.1136/bmjhci-2021-100349.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed the need to understand the risk drivers that contribute to uneven morbidity and mortality in US communities. Addressing the community-specific social determinants of health (SDOH) that correlate with spread of SARS-CoV-2 provides an opportunity for targeted public health intervention to promote greater resilience to viral respiratory infections.

METHODS: Our work combined publicly available COVID-19 statistics with county-level SDOH information. Machine learning models were trained to predict COVID-19 case growth and understand the social, physical and environmental risk factors associated with higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Tennessee and Georgia counties. Model accuracy was assessed comparing predicted case counts to actual positive case counts in each county.

RESULTS: The predictive models achieved a mean R² of 0.998 in both states with accuracy above 90% for all time points examined. Using these models, we tracked the importance of SDOH data features over time to uncover the specific racial demographic characteristics strongly associated with COVID-19 incidence in Tennessee and Georgia counties. Our results point to dynamic racial trends in both states over time and varying, localized patterns of risk among counties within the same state. For example, we find that African American and Asian racial demographics present comparable, and contrasting, patterns of risk depending on locality.

CONCLUSION: The dichotomy of demographic trends presented here emphasizes the importance of understanding the unique factors that influence COVID-19 incidence. Identifying these specific risk factors tied to COVID-19 case growth can help stakeholders target regional interventions to mitigate the burden of future outbreaks.

PMID:34385289 | DOI:10.1136/bmjhci-2021-100349

BMJ Open. 2021 Aug 12;11(8):e050108. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050108.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review summarises the evidence on the correlation between recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) or chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

RESEARCH METHODS: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to 15 January 2021. Two authors independently identified articles, extracted data and performed quality assessment for included studies. Studies comparing the sensorineural hearing levels of patients with a history of rAOM/CSOM for >3 months to a control group were included.

RESULTS: Screening of 4168 articles lead to inclusion of two case-control studies (control-group: patients non-OM) and seven cohort-studies (control group: contralateral ear). Quality assessment indicated considerable risk of bias in all studies. Reported populations varied (sample size 13-607, mean age 22-41.5 years, mean duration of disease 6.1-12.4 years). The OR for SNHL in the OM-group was 3.30-7.86 (95% CI 1.16 to 9.40, p<0.05) in cohort studies (n=2), and 0.05 (95% CI 0 to 0.78, p<0.05) in a case-control study. Mean/median bone conduction thresholds were respectively 1.19-32.21/0-10 dB higher on all frequencies (0.5-4 kHz) for the OM-group in four cohort studies (p<0.05). Two other studies reported no statistical test outcomes.

CONCLUSION: Due to the high risk of bias of included studies, effect estimates heterogeneity and suboptimal research designs, no conclusion on the correlation between OM and SNHL can be made. It emphasises the need for future prognostic studies.

PMID:34385254 | DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050108

Eur Respir J. 2021 Aug 12:2101597. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01597-2021. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:34385276 | DOI:10.1183/13993003.01597-2021