Tag: pubmed

Sci Data. 2021 Nov 1;8(1):291. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-01073-9.

ABSTRACT

Previous studies have shown the influence of the physical and social environments on the development of obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCD). An obesogenic environment promotes higher dietary energy intakes and sedentary behaviors while limiting opportunities or incentives for active living. This paper presents a dataset with key attributes of the food and physical activity built environment, including green spaces, quality of streets and sidewalks, and different types of food retail outlets in four cities of the Southern Cone of Latin America. A total of 139 representative neighborhoods randomly selected from: Marcos Paz and Bariloche (Argentina), Temuco (Chile) and Canelones-Barros Blancos (Uruguay) were evaluated, where standardized community walks were conducted for direct observation of the built environment. This dataset will contribute valuable data to the evaluation of obesogenic environments in the region, and could be linked to additional ecological information about risk factors for NCDs and socio-economic features from other sources. Understanding environmental influences on cardiovascular risk factors and individual habits may help explain NCD outcomes and plan urban policies.

PMID:34725368 | DOI:10.1038/s41597-021-01073-9

Nat Commun. 2021 Nov 1;12(1):6281. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26573-5.

ABSTRACT

The superradiant phase transition in thermal equilibrium is a fundamental concept bridging statistical physics and electrodynamics, which has never been observed in real physical systems since the first proposal in the 1970s. The existence of this phase transition in cavity quantum electrodynamics systems is still subject of ongoing debates due to the no-go theorem induced by the so-called A² term. Moreover, experimental conditions to study this phase transition are hard to achieve with current accessible technology. Based on the platform of nuclear magnetic resonance, here we experimentally simulate the occurrence of an equilibrium superradiant phase transition beyond no-go theorem by introducing the antisqueezing effect. The mechanism relies on that the antisqueezing effect recovers the singularity of the ground state via exponentially enhancing the zero point fluctuation of system. The strongly entangled and squeezed Schrödinger cat states of spins are achieved experimentally in the superradiant phase, which may play an important role in fundamental tests of quantum theory and implementations of quantum metrology.

PMID:34725347 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-26573-5

Wiad Lek. 2021;74(9 cz 1):2213-2217.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim: According to the literature sources to summarize statistics on the prevalence of intrauterine infection and its impact on pregnancy and the condition of newborns at the present stage.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The article analyzes 35 literature sources (scientific publications) from 2000 to 2021, indexed in international scientometric database and covers the incidence of intrauterine infections in countries with different income levels, as well as their impact on pregnancy, childbirth and the condition of newborns.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The main task of obstetrics and gynecology at the present stage is to reduce reproductive losses, which necessitates further study of the etiology of IUI, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The screening for IUIs during pregnancy is cost-effective because treatment of the effects of IUIs requires disproportionately greater resources.

PMID:34725303

Wiad Lek. 2021;74(9 cz 1):2118-2122.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To develop a set of forensic criteria for determining PMI on the basis of complex selective statistical data analysis of magnitude distributions of the wavelet-amplitude coefficients of VB polycrystalline films microscopic images.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The object of study are polycrystalline films of VB, taken from 41 cadavers of both sexes aged from 37 to 79-year with pre-known time of death coming ranged from 3 to 36 h. Measuring the coordinate allocation meanings of parameters of polarization in the points of microscopic images was carried out at the location of the standard Stokes-polarimeter.

RESULTS: Results: The magnitudes of statistical moments of the 1st-4th orders linearly vary within 36 hours. It was revealed that the data of time changes of the asymmetry and the excess are the most sensitive to necrotic changes in the polycrystalline structure of such samples.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The scale-selective approach provides an increase in the range of sensitivity up to 36 h and increase the accuracy of the PMI estimation up to 45 min.

PMID:34725287

Wiad Lek. 2021;74(9 cz 1):2182-2186.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim is to substantiate morphologically the resection boundaries of the salivary gland tissue in the surgical treatment of patients with pleomorphic adenoma of different histological variants.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study used autopsy, surgical and biopsy material, divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included autopsy material (n=6), represented by tissue fragments of the parotid salivary gland, in which macroscopic and microscopic examination did not reveal any general pathological processes. Group 2 included surgical and biopsy material from 30 patients, represented by pleomorphic adenomas with adjacent tissue of the salivary gland at a distance of 0.5 cm and 1.0 cm. Histological, morphometric and statistical research methods were used.

RESULTS: Results: The morphological features of the salivary gland tissue which was adjacent to the pleomorphic adenoma at a distance of 1.0 cm, practically corresponded to thephysiological norm. However, the tissue of the salivary gland, bordering the tumor at a distance of 0.5 cm, was characterized by pronounced changes. These changes were: violation of the ratio of the specific volumes of the parenchyma and stroma; atrophy of the terminal sections and ducts with cystic expansion of some ducts; thickening of the secretion and formation of calculi in the lumen of some ducts; atrophic and alterative changes in the epithelial lining the terminal sections and ducts; sclerosis and lipomatosis, areas with hyalinosis and dystrophic calcification in the stroma; hemodynamic disturbances in the stroma with a decrease in the number of vessels; pronounced focal or diffuse immune infiltration in the stroma in some areas with the lymphoid follicles formation.

CONCLUSION: Conclusion: The comprehensive study has confirmed that removal of the tumor with the adjacent tissue of the salivary gland at a distance of 1.0 cm in patients with pleomorphic adenoma of various histological variants is the most justified from the morphological point of view.

PMID:34725297

Wiad Lek. 2021;74(9 cz 1):2109-2111.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Study of antibacterial activity of the preparations, containing antiseptic dioxidine and antibiotic levofloxacin in vitro on standard strains of main optional-anaerobic pathogens of purulent-inflammatory processes of surgical wounds S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and definition of more effective ones on them.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Solutions of dioxidine 1.2 %, dioxidine 1.2% with decamethaxin, Dioxisole, water soluble ointment with dioxidine 1.2% and levofloxacin 0.1% with decamethaxin were used in experiment. Antibacterial activity was studied on standard strains of S. aureus АТСС 25923, E. coli АТСС 25922, P. aeruginosa АТСС 27853. Distinguishing and identification of pure cultures of bacteria was done according to generally accepted microbiological methods. Determination of purulent-inflammatory processes pathogens sensitivity was done by disco-diffuse method on Mueller-Hinton medium. Antibacterial activity of solutions and ointments was studied with the help of agar diffusion method (“well” method) according to methodic recommendations. Each investigation was repeated 6 times. Method of variation statistics was used for the research results analysis.

RESULTS: Results: All antibacterial preparations under study are effective and highly effective on S. aureus АТСС 25923, E. coli АТСС 25922, P. aeruginosa АТСС 27853. Solution with 1.2 % dioxidine with decamethaxin and ointment with 0.1 % levofloxacin and decamethaxin have larger growth retardation zones towards S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. E. coli strains are more sensitive to the solution of Dioxisole and ointment with 1.2 % dioxidine.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: All strains are sensitive, most of them are highly sensitive, up to 5 antibacterial preparations under study in vitro.

PMID:34725285

Wiad Lek. 2021;74(9 cz 1):2082-2086.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim: On the basis of radiological data to evaluate the effectiveness of our developed treatment complex of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction after mandibular fractures.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: To achieve this goal, 92 patients hospitalized in the department of surgical dentistry of the Chernivtsi Regional Clinical Hospital were examined for traumatic fractures of the mandible with functional disorders of the TMJ. 46 patients (main group) were treated according to the treatment method developed by us, and 46 patients (control group) were treated with the traditional method. Patients underwent orthopanthography and radiography of the temporomandibular joint according to Schuller. Statistical processing of research results was carried out using commonly used methods of variation statistics.

RESULTS: Results: After 12 months of studies in patients of the main group, unilateral narrowing of the joint space was determined in 6,52 ± 1,83% of persons p, p1 0.05.The number of persons with unilateral expansion of the joint space according to Rtg, in the main group decreased by 2,3 times relative to the data before treatment.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Timely treatment of musculoskeletal disorders with the help of pharmacological and physiotherapeutic methods proposed by us, allowed, to a large extent, to eliminate clinical, radiological and ultrasound symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in patients with post-traumatic lesions of mandibule. This was confirmed by the improvement of the data of the conducted functional researches.

PMID:34725280

Wiad Lek. 2021;74(9 cz 1):2094-2099.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To determine the prevalence rate of Staphylococcus aureus infection among children with Cystic Fibrosis in the Dnieper region, to provide microbiological characteristics of the isolates and to elevate their susceptibility to antimicrobials.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Sputum, tracheobronchial lavage waters and/ or deep smear from the posterior pharyngeal wall were taken from children with genetically confirmed Cystic Fibrosis. Bacteriological method was the main. The first screening for small colony variants of Staphylococcus aureus was carried out after 48 hours of incubation. The antimicrobials susceptibility testing was determined by disk-diffusion method according to the EUCAST 2019. Microsoft Office Excel 2010 was used for statistical data processing.

RESULTS: Results: Twenty one children were enrolled in the survey. The culture of Staphylococcus spp. was obtained from all patients with 40.8% positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Small colony variants appeared with the prevalence rate 21.6% after 48 hours of incubation. The frequency of associations between Staphylococcus aureus with auxotroph phenotype with the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was significantly higher than with wild-type group. The 3d-generation aminoglycosides, the 3d-generation fluoroquinolones, linezolid, rifampicin and tetracyclines showed the best antimicrobial activity, however, resistance to cefoxitin and gentamicin was significantly higher in auxotroph-modified group.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Infection Staphylococcus aureus is common among children. The appearance of auxotrophs registered after treatment with aminoglycosides and/ or co-trimoxazole and co-infection Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus showed good chemotherapeutic sensitivity, but tendency in increasing resistance registered for auxotroph-modified phenotype.

PMID:34725282

Postgrad Med J. 2021 Nov 1:postgradmedj-2021-141186. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-141186. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary cancer is a kind of deeply invasive tumour which is difficult to treat, and its mortality rate is high. Previous research has shown that activation of complement could contribute to the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, little research has been done on SCLC.

METHODS: Complement factor H (CFH), complements C3 as well as C4 were measured in patients, and the prognostic impact of different parameters was assessed by log-rank function analysis and Cox multifactor models. Besides, we constructed a predictive model based on complement fractions and validated the accuracy of the model.

RESULTS: Among these 242 patients, 200 (82.6%) died. The median survival time was 18.3 months. We found by multifactorial analysis that high levels of CFH decreased the risk of death (HR 0.23, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.57, p<0.001), while elevated complement C4 displayed poor prognosis (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.66 to 3.13, p<0.001). We screened variables by Cox models and constructed CFH-based prediction models to plot a nomogram by internal validation. The nomogram showed excellent accuracy in assessing the probability of death, yielding an adjusted C-statistics of 0.905.

CONCLUSIONS: CFH can be recognised as a biomarker to predict the risk of death in SCLC. The prediction model established based on CFH, C3 and C4 levels has good accuracy in patients’ prognostic assessment.

PMID:34725230 | DOI:10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-141186

Wiad Lek. 2021;74(9 cz 1):2076-2081.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To study and analyze the dynamics of women’s reproductive health in Ukraine as a factor in population reproduction and to study the features of menstrual disorders in Ukraine in 2010-2019. In women of reproductive age with hyperproliferative pathology of the endometrium without atypia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted using data from the departmental statistical reporting of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine on the number of cases of gynecological pathology for 2010-2019. The peculiarities of menstrual function in patients of reproductive age with atypical hyperproliferative pathology of the endometrium were studied. We examined 84 patients of the gynecological department of the Sumy Regional Clinical Perinatal Center with a diagnosis of hyperproliferative pathology of the endometrium without atypia, who sought medical help during 2017-2020 for hyperplastic processes of the endometrium in reproductive age (18 to 49 years). All patients were divided into three groups, up to group I women with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (HGE) (n = 30); Group II – patients diagnosed with endometrialpolyps (n = 30); group III included patients with combined hyperproliferative pathology (uterine body polyps and endometrial hyperplasia without atypia) (n = 24).

RESULTS: Results: As a result of the conducted systematic analysis it was established: the higher the prevalence of PMC, the higher the frequency of diseases of the genitourinary system and some gynecological diseases. This is confirmed by the calculated coefficients of correlation of the prevalence of PMC with the frequency of diseases of the genitourinary system (r = 0.75, p<0.001), salpingitis (r = 0.63, p<0.001) and endometriosis (r = 0.42, p<0, 05). The assessment of the relative risk of gynecological diseases has shown that the greatest attention needs to be paid to improving the diagnosis of infertility and endometriosis, as well as the prevention and treatment of salpingitis and uterine cancer. When women with menstrual disorders go to the gynecologist, it is necessary to pay attention to the presence of hyperproliferative pathology, and if women have other chronic diseases, offer rehabilitation of these foci, which can further have a positive effect on reproductive health.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The highest rates of menstrual irregularities were found in women with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia and a combination diffuse hyperplasia with endometrial polyps in contrast to patients with only endometrial polyps. Menstrual irregularities can be considered as a marker and indicator of dysfunction of the genitourinary system and the presence of a hyperproliferative process at the prehospital stage.

PMID:34725279