Tag: pubmed

J Acad Nutr Diet. 2021 Mar 18:S2212-2672(21)00103-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.02.011. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Longitudinal studies have shown significant dose-response associations between dietary share of ultraprocessed foods and the incidence of several noncommunicable diseases and all-cause mortality. Several attributes of ultraprocessed foods are potential mechanisms for their link with health outcomes, including their typically unbalanced nutrient profile, high glycemic loads, high energy intake rate, and the presence of food additives, neoformed substances, and substances released by synthetic packaging materials. However, no studies have assessed the plausibility of reduced water intake as an additional association of diets rich in ultraprocessed foods.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between ultraprocessed food consumption and total water intake.

DESIGN: This cross-sectional secondary analysis used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, cycles 2011 to 2016, in the United States.

PARTICIPANTS/SETTINGS: This study included 24,505 participants aged ≥1 year who completed the first 24-hour dietary recall interview.

MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: The main outcome evaluated was the mean of total water intake.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Crude and adjusted linear regressions were applied to investigate the association between quintiles of the dietary share of ultraprocessed foods and the total water intake.

RESULTS: A significant linear reduction in the daily mean total water intake was observed across ultraprocessed food quintiles, amounting to 706 mL between the lower and the upper quintiles. Important increases across quintiles were observed for the intake of sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened drinks, whereas important reductions occurred for unsweetened drinks, plain water, and water present in solid foods and dishes.

CONCLUSIONS: Reduced total water intake and an imbalance between sources of water that favors energy-dense and nutrient-poor sources were associated with increased consumption of ultraprocessed food, suggesting that decreased total water consumption might be a negative outcome of diets rich in ultraprocessed foods. This relationship should be further investigated in longitudinal or clinical trials.

PMID:33745880 | DOI:10.1016/j.jand.2021.02.011

Environ Res. 2021 Mar 18:111018. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111018. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic (COVID-19) has caused 2.25 million deaths worldwide by February 3, 2021 (JHU, 2021) and still causing severe health and economic disruptions with increasing rates. This study investigates the impact of lockdown measures on ambient air pollution and its association with human mobility in 81 cities of Turkey. We conducted a countrywide analysis using PM₁₀ and SO₂ measurement data by the Turkish Ministry of Environment and Urbanization and mobility data derived from cellular device movement by Google. We observed the most significant change in April 2020. PM₁₀ and SO₂ concentrations were lower in 67% and 59% of the cities, respectively in April 2020 compared to the previous five years (2015-2019). The correlation results show that Restaurant/Café, Transit, and Workplaces mobility is significantly correlated with PM₁₀ and SO₂ concentration levels in Turkey. This study is the first step of a long-term investigation to understand the air quality impacts on population susceptibility to COVID-19.

PMID:33745929 | DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111018

Environ Res. 2021 Mar 18:111045. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111045. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to characterise spatial-temporal distribution of noise complaints across urban areas with different densities and to analyse the associations between urban morphology and noise complaints. Taking New York City as the study area, crowdsourced noise complaints and urban morphology datasets from the city government’s open data source were statistically analysed. The results suggest that between boroughs the characteristics of noise complaints are different, in terms of their spatial-temporal distribution, their relation to road transport network, land use, and building morphology. Noise complaints were clustered around the highest density area (Manhattan). The rate of noise complaints showed a year-on-year increase, peaking in autumn and spring. The rate of noise complaints is higher in areas with higher densities and roads that are 20-40m wide, closer to road crossings, and in enclosed blocks. The relationships between noise complaints and urban morphology are weaker in high-density boroughs than in other boroughs.

PMID:33745930 | DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111045

J Clin Densitom. 2021 Feb 28:S1094-6950(21)00018-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2021.02.004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We describe a multicenter study using the European Spine Phantom (ESP) to compare the accuracy, linearity and precision of QCT measurements of spine vBMD between different brands of scanner, different models of the same brand and identical units of the same model. Ten scans of the same ESP with repositioning were performed on forty CT scanners from five manufacturers in different hospitals across China, all calibrated with the Mindways QCT system. The three ESP vertebral bodies simulating low (L1), medium (L2) and high (L3) vBMD and their average (L1-3 vBMD) were compared with phantom values. Linearity was assessed using the standard error of the estimate derived from linear regression. Precision errors were expressed as the standard deviation of the ten measurements on each scanner. Median (IQR) vBMD over all forty CT scanners compared with phantom values were: L1: 52.2 (49.9-56.4) vs 51.0; L2: 104.4 (101.2-108.6) vs 102.2; L3: 201.4 (195.0-204.9) vs 200.4; L1-3: 119.3 (116.6-123.2) vs 117.9 mg/cm³. Statistically significant differences in L1-3 vBMD were found between different brands (p= 0.005) and between different models of the same brand and identical units of the same model (both p< 0.001). Cross-calibration using linear regression gave a good fit for all forty systems with a median standard error of the estimate of 1.7 mg/cm³. The median precision error for L1-3 vBMD was 0.61 mg/cm³. Statistically significant differences in spine vBMD measurements between different scanners reinforce the importance of cross-calibration in multi-center studies. Cross-calibration can be reliably performed using linear regression equations.

PMID:33745832 | DOI:10.1016/j.jocd.2021.02.004

Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2021 Feb 19:S1533-0028(21)00016-5. doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2021.02.002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective and durable treatment modality for solid cancers. However, its use in colorectal cancer (CRC) is limited to deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) tumors. As such, assessing immune regulatory proteins from the B7-CD28 family, other than PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, is critical. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of novel protein regulators in a racially diverse population of patients with CRC.

METHODS: A tumor microarray was created for 214 samples from a multiracial patient population with metastatic CRC, and expression of HHLA2, B7-H3, PD-L1, CK7, CK20, and CDX2 was determined. The expression pattern was scored as 0 to 12, based on tumor tissue prevalence and the intensity. Clinical information was obtained by chart review and vital statistics from the National Death Index. Associations between low and high expression groups for each protein by race/ethnic groups were assessed, and Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to evaluate association with survival.

RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 61 years, with a female predominance. The majority of the patients were diagnosed with de novo metastatic disease with left-sided, moderately differentiated tumors. There were no racial disparities in the expression of any protein. Overall, a high frequency of tumors had no expression of B7-H3 (62.5%) or PD-L1 (43.5%). Low expression of both PD-L1 and B7-H3 was a significant prognostic biomarker associated with better survival (median overall survival, 43.3 months vs. 24.6 months; P < .01).

CONCLUSION: In this multiracial tumor microarray of CRC samples, low PD-L1 and B7-H3 expression was associated with an improved prognosis. There was no significant variation among races with respect to the relevant CRC protein markers.

PMID:33745842 | DOI:10.1016/j.clcc.2021.02.002

Morphologie. 2021 Mar 18:S1286-0115(21)00023-0. doi: 10.1016/j.morpho.2021.01.005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Renal arterial vasculature presents a great anatomical variation. A good knowledge of this anatomy is essential in the field of kidney transplantation. The aim of this study is to describe the anatomical variations of the renal arterial vasculature based on the retrieved but not transplanted kidneys (RNTK) and their contralateral grafted kidneys (CGK), which anatomy is described by surgeons themselves after aortic dissection during multi-organ procurement (MOP).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the “Crystal” database of the French “Agence de la biomédecine” (ABM), all RNTK were retrospectively selected over one year. Then, the arterial anatomy of each RNTK and their CGK was studied using the surgical and the histopathological reports. The surgical report was completed by the surgeon at the end of the MOP from deceased donors. The qualitative variables were expressed in numbers (percentage of the population) and were compared by a Chi² test or an exact Fisher test depending on the sample size. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: In total, 356 kidneys were studied (241 RNTK – 115 CGK), 69% had a single artery and 31% had multiple arteries (26% with two arteries and 5% with three or more). The incidence of multiple arteries was similar between the right and left kidneys (32% vs. 30% respectively). A modal arrangement with 1 artery on each side was present in 51% of cases. Thus, 1 in 2 donors had at least 2 arteries on one side. Multiple arteries were bilateral in 12% of cases. The RNTK group presented more kidneys with multiple arteries than the CGK group (35% vs. 22%).

CONCLUSION: Our study shows a higher incidence of multiple renal arteries than the literature (31% vs. 25%). Thus, MOP can be considered as an accurate and reliable method of describing renal arterial anatomy, especially that some small arteries may be missed when using radiological or cadaveric dissection techniques.

PMID:33745846 | DOI:10.1016/j.morpho.2021.01.005

Auris Nasus Larynx. 2021 Mar 18:S0385-8146(21)00081-X. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2021.03.004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the prognosis and severity of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) with cervical ultrasonographic findings suggestive of cardiovascular risk.

METHODS: Seventy-four inpatients with ISSNHL were included in our study. Cervical ultrasonography was performed to evaluate the common carotid artery (CCA), internal carotid artery (ICA), and vertebral artery (VA). The peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, intima-media thickness, pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) were evaluated. We investigated the relationship of these variables with the severity and prognosis of ISSNHL.

RESULTS: ICA-PI, ICA-RI, and CCA-RI were significantly higher in patients with poor hearing prognosis than in those with good prognosis. The variables of VA were not related to the prognosis of ISSNHL. There were no statistically significant differences between ISSNHL severity and cervical ultrasonographic findings.

CONCLUSIONS: We found that PI and RI might be prognostic factors for ISSNHL.

PMID:33745790 | DOI:10.1016/j.anl.2021.03.004

J Arthroplasty. 2021 Mar 5:S0883-5403(21)00237-0. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2021.02.077. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Well-powered studies investigating the relationship of emergency department (ED) visits and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are limited. Therefore, the specific aims of this study were to: 1) compare patient demographics of patients who did and did not have an ED visit; and for the visits, identified: 2) leading reasons; and 3) risk factors for ED visits (prearthroplasty/postarthroplasty).

METHODS: Patients undergoing primary TKA who had an ED visit within 90 days after their index procedure were identified from a nationwide database. The query yielded 1,364,655 patients who did (n = 5689) and did not have (n = 1,358,966) an ED visit. Baseline demographics such as age, sex, and comorbidity prevalence between the two cohorts; reasons for ED visits; and prearthroplasty and postarthroplasty risk factors were analyzed. Odds ratios (ORs) of ED visits were assessed using multivariate binomial logistic regression analyses. A P-value less than 0.001 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Patients who did and did not have ED visits differed with respect to age (P < .0001) and mean Elixhauser Comorbidity Index scores (9 vs 6, P < .0001). Musculoskeletal etiologies were the most common reason for ED visits. Hypertension was the greatest contributor to ED visits prearthroplasty and postarthroplasty. Comorbid conditions associated with ED visits postarthroplasty included peripheral vascular disease (OR: 1.61, P < .0001), coagulopathy (OR: 1.58, P < .0001), and rheumatoid arthritis (OR: 1.56, P < .0001).

CONCLUSION: By identifying demographic patterns of patients, reasons, and risk factors, the information found from this study can help identify targets for quality improvement to potentially reduce the incidence of ED visits after primary TKA.

PMID:33745799 | DOI:10.1016/j.arth.2021.02.077

J Infect Chemother. 2021 Mar 18:S1341-321X(21)00080-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.03.006. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although spontaneous sputum conversion can occur in noncavitary nodular bronchiectatic (NC-NB) Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD), little is known about redevelopment after spontaneous conversion. We investigated the redevelopment phenomenon after spontaneous sputum conversion in patients with NC-NB MAC-LD.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Among patients diagnosed with NC-NB MAC-LD between 2000 and 2013, 140 patients who experienced spontaneous sputum conversion, and whose follow-up duration after conversion was ≥6 months, were enrolled at a tertiary referral center in South Korea. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS: Of the 140 patients, 34 (24.3%) underwent redevelopment during the median follow-up period of 71.0 months (interquartile range [IQR], 58.8-87.5). Redevelopment occurred at a median interval of 25.0 months (IQR, 11.5-41.8) after spontaneous sputum conversion. The mean age of the 34 patients with redevelopment was 63.6 years, and 73.5% were women. No statistically significant differences in clinical characteristics were noted between the 34 patients with redevelopment and those with persistent conversion. Among the 34 patients with redevelopment, 6 received treatment at a median interval of 8 months (IQR, 1.5-16.8) after redevelopment. No significant differences in clinical characteristics were noted between the six treated and 28 untreated patients.

CONCLUSION: At least approximately 24% of patients with spontaneous sputum conversion in NC-NB MAC-LD had redevelopment, and a portion of them required treatment. These findings suggest that long-term follow-up is necessary for patients with NC-NB MAC-LD, even those who experience spontaneous sputum conversion.

PMID:33745810 | DOI:10.1016/j.jiac.2021.03.006

Auris Nasus Larynx. 2021 Mar 18:S0385-8146(21)00080-8. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2021.03.005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine better- ear listening effect on spatial separation with the N1-P2 complex.

METHODS: Twenty individuals with normal hearing participated in this study. The speech stimulus /ba/ was presented in front of the participant (0°). Continuous Speech Noise (5 dB signal-to-noise ratio) was presented either in front of the participant (0°), left-side (-90°), or right-side (+90°). N1- P2 complex has been recorded in quiet and three noisy conditions.

RESULTS: There was a remarkable effect of noise direction on N1, P2 latencies. When the noise was separated from the stimulus, N1 and P2 latency increased in terms of when noise was co-located with the stimulus. There was no statistically significant difference in N1-P2 amplitudes between the stimulus-only and co-located condition. N1-P2 amplitude was increased when the noise came from the sides, according to the stimulus-only and co-located conditions.

CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that the latency shifts on N1-P2 complex explain cortical mechanisms of spatial separation in better-ear listening.

PMID:33745789 | DOI:10.1016/j.anl.2021.03.005