Tag: pubmed

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2021 Mar 1;22(3):237-241.

ABSTRACT

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of diverse remineralizing agents on artificial enamel lesion using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Totally 80 mandibular premolars which were single rooted were included. All teeth were suspended in a demineralizing solution to create artificial enamel lesions on the exposed enamel. The samples were separated randomly into four groups (20 each) depending on the application of the remineralizing agents as follows: group 1: control; group 2: calcium sucrose phosphate (CaSP); group 3: fluoride varnish; and group 4: casein phosphopeptides-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP). The samples in individual group were treated with the corresponding remineralizing agent (except for the control group) two times a day for 14 days. The experimental and control groups were exposed to CLSM assessment to analyze the data of remineralization and demineralization.

RESULTS: The mean depth of remineralization of fluoride varnish group was slightly more compared to other groups. The highest mean depth of remineralization was found in the fluoride varnish group (122.26 ± 0.28) followed by CaSP (110.58 ± 1.34), CPP-ACP (107.08 ± 0.48), and control (157.78 ± 0.46) groups. The different comparisons among the remineralization material groups showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in almost all groups except group 2 vs group 4.

CONCLUSION: This study concluded that improved remineralization of artificial enamel lesion could be achieved with the fluoride varnish group when compared to the CaSP and CPP-ACP groups.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Remineralization as a treatment technique has received a lot of consideration from clinicians. The process of remineralization and demineralization is considered an active process categorized by the movement of calcium and phosphate in and out of the enamel. Presently, the attention has changed toward increasing the resistance of the tooth by applying remineralizing agents topically, which has led to the notable fall in dental caries.

PMID:34210921

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2021 Mar 1;22(3):248-252.

ABSTRACT

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study is conducted to find the association of BMP2 (bone morphogenic protein 2) gene variant rs1005464 and rs15705 with skeletal class I crowding cases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples from 60 subjects who visited the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, D.A.P.M.R.V. Dental College, Bengaluru, were taken after written informed consent. These were divided into two groups: group A with 30 subjects having skeletal class I bases with crowding and group B with 30 subjects having skeletal class I bases without visible crowding or spacing (±2 mm). Around 2 mL of venous blood sample was procured from cases and controls after careful examination. All the samples were then subjected to polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA sequencing and capillary electrophoresis. BMP2 rs1005464 and rs15705 gene variants were assessed and Z-Test was used for statistical analysis.

RESULT: GG (p = 0.001) and CC (p = 0.0024) genotype of BMP2 gene variant rs1005464 and rs15705, respectively, are significantly associated with skeletal class I crowding cases.

CONCLUSION: This study concludes that BMP2 variants rs1005464 and rs15705 can be used as genetic markers for skeletal class I bases having crowding.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Predisposing genetic markers BMP2 can be identified prior and this would help in predicting the probability of potential crowding in the future and this would help in early prevention and intervention of crowding.

PMID:34210923

J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021 Jul 30;27(3):426-435. doi: 10.5056/jnm20134.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disease characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and bowel dysfunction. However, the majority of previous neuroimaging studies focus on brain structure and connections but seldom on the inter-hemispheric connectivity or structural asymmetry. This study uses multi-modal imaging to investigate the abnormal changes across the 2 cerebral hemispheres in patients with IBS.

METHODS: Structural MRI, resting-state functional MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging were acquired from 34 patients with IBS and 33 healthy controls. The voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity, fractional anisotropy, fiber length, fiber number, and asymmetry index were calculated and assessed for group differences. In addition, we assessed their relevance for the severity of IBS.

RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, the inter-hemispheric functional connectivity of patients with IBS showed higher levels in bilateral superior occipital gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, precuneus, posterior cingulate gyrus, and angular gyrus, but lower in supplementary motor area. The statistical results showed no significant difference in inter-hemispheric anatomical connections and structural asymmetry, however negative correlations between inter-hemispheric connectivity and the severity of IBS were found in some regions with significant difference.

CONCLUSION: s The functional connections between cerebral hemispheres were more susceptible to IBS than anatomical connections, and brain structure is relatively stable. Besides, the brain areas affected by IBS were concentrated in default mode network and sensorimotor network.

PMID:34210908 | DOI:10.5056/jnm20134

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2021 Mar 1;22(3):207-214.

ABSTRACT

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study assesses changes in the sella turcica area (STA) and location of the cephalometric point sella (S) on lateral cephalograms acquired by charge-coupled device (CCD)-based cephalostats with and without simulated patient head movements.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A real skull was placed on a robot, able to simulate four head movements (anteroposterior translation/lifting/nodding/lateral rotation) at three distances (0.75/1.5/3 mm) and two patterns (returning to 0.5 mm away from the start position/staying at maximum movement excursion). Two ProMax-2D cephalostats (Dimax-3, D-3 or Dimax-4, D-4), and an Orthophos-SL cephalostat (ORT) acquired cephalograms during the predetermined movements (“cases,” 48 images/unit) and without movement (“controls,” 24 images/unit). Three observers manually traced the contour of sella turcica and marked point sella using a computer mouse. STA was calculated in pixels² by dedicated software based on the tracing. S was defined by its x and y coordinates recorded by the same software in pixels. Ten percent of the images were assessed twice. The difference between cases and controls (case minus control) for the STA and S (namely Diff-STA and Diff-S) was calculated and assessed through descriptive statistics.

RESULTS: Inter- and intraobserver agreement ranged from moderate to good for STA and S. Diff-STA ranged from -42.5 to 12.9% (D-3), -15.3 to 9.6% (D-4), and -25.3 to 39.9% (ORT). Diff-S was represented up to 50% (D-3), 134% (D-4), and 103% (ORT) of the mean sella turcica diameter in control images.

CONCLUSION: Simulated head movements caused significant distortion in lateral cephalograms acquired by CCD-based cephalostats, as seen from STA and S alterations, depending on the cephalostat.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Patient-related errors, including patient motion artifacts, are influential factors for the reliability of cephalometric tracing.

PMID:34210916

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2021 Mar 1;22(3):231-236.

ABSTRACT

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to compare debris removal from the mesial canal system with four different irrigation techniques: sonic activation with EDDY, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), mechanical activation with the XP-endo Finisher (XPF), and manual dynamic irrigation (MDI) with gutta-percha.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six extracted mandibular molars with isthmus in the apical 5 mm in mesial roots were sectioned horizontally at 3 mm and 5 mm from the apex. The sections were reassembled, and the mesial canals were prepared chemomecahanically. Specimens were allocated randomly into four groups according to the final irrigation technique. Standardized images of the coronal aspect of cross sections were obtained using a digital stereomicroscope before and after final irrigation protocols to calculate the percentage of debris elimination from the canal system after final irrigation.

RESULTS: The use of EDDY, PUI, and XPF exhibited significant reductions in debris compared with MDI at 5 mm (p <0.00) and at 3 mm (p <0.00). Furthermore, no significant difference was noted among EDDY, PUI, and XPF. For intragroup analysis, no statistically significant difference in the percentage of debris elimination was noted between 3 mm and 5 mm in all four groups.

CONCLUSION: All groups showed a reduction in debris after the final irrigation protocol. However, the use of EDDY, PUI, and XPF after cleaning and shaping yielded a significant reduction in debris compared with MDI.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The use of PUI, XPF, and EDDY as an adjunctive irrigation step presented similar results in improving canal cleanliness, which is hypothesized to affect the treatment outcome.

PMID:34210920

J Rheumatol. 2021 Jul 1:jrheum.210077. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.210077. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To standardize and improve the accuracy of detection of arthritis by thermal imaging.

METHODS: Children with clinically active arthritis in the knee or ankle, as well as healthy controls, were enrolled to the development cohort and another group of children with knee symptoms were enrolled to the validation cohort. Ultrasound was performed for the arthritis subgroup for the development cohort. Joint exam by certified rheumatologists was used as a reference for the validation cohort. Infrared thermal data were analyzed using a custom software. Temperature after within-limb calibration (TAWiC) was defined as the temperature differences between joint and ipsilateral midtibia. TAWiC of knees and ankles was evaluated using ANOVA across subgroups. Optimal thresholds were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis using Youden index.

RESULTS: There were significant differences in mean and 95^th TAWiC of knee in anterior, medial, lateral views, and of ankles in anterior view, between inflamed and uninflamed counterparts (p<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) was higher by 36% when using TAWiC_Knee than those when using absolute temperature. Within validation cohort, the sensitivity of accurate detection of arthritis in knee using both mean and 95^th TAWiC from individual views or combined all 3 views ranged from 0.60 to 0.70 and the specificity was greater than 0.90 in all views.

CONCLUSION: Children with active arthritis or tenosynovitis in knees or ankles exhibited higher TAWiC than healthy joints. Our validation cohort study showed promise of the clinical utility of infrared thermal imaging for arthritis detection.

PMID:34210832 | DOI:10.3899/jrheum.210077

Science. 2021 Jul 2;373(6550):107-111. doi: 10.1126/science.abe0290.

ABSTRACT

Plastic floating at the ocean surface, estimated at tens to hundreds of thousands of metric tons, represents only a small fraction of the estimated several million metric tons annually discharged by rivers. Such an imbalance promoted the search for a missing plastic sink that could explain the rapid removal of river-sourced plastics from the ocean surface. On the basis of an in-depth statistical reanalysis of updated data on microplastics-a size fraction for which both ocean and river sampling rely on equal techniques-we demonstrate that current river flux assessments are overestimated by two to three orders of magnitude. Accordingly, the average residence time of microplastics at the ocean surface rises from a few days to several years, strongly reducing the theoretical need for a missing sink.

PMID:34210886 | DOI:10.1126/science.abe0290

Heart. 2021 Jul 1:heartjnl-2021-319110. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-319110. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Ibrutinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor most commonly associated with atrial fibrillation. However, additional cardiotoxicities have been identified, including accelerated hypertension. The incidence and risk factors of new or worsening hypertension following ibrutinib treatment are not as well known.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 144 patients diagnosed with B cell malignancies treated with ibrutinib (n=93) versus conventional chemoimmunotherapy (n=51) and evaluated their effects on blood pressure at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after treatment initiation. Descriptive statistics were used to compare baseline characteristics for each treatment group. Fisher’s exact test was used to identify covariates significantly associated with the development of hypertension. Repeated measures analyses were conducted to analyse longitudinal blood pressure changes.

RESULTS: Both treatments had similar prevalence of baseline hypertension at 63.4% and 66.7%, respectively. There were no differences between treatments by age, sex and baseline cardiac comorbidities. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly increased over time with ibrutinib compared with baseline, whereas conventional chemoimmunotherapy was not associated with significant changes in blood pressure. Baseline hypertensive status did not affect the degree of blood pressure change over time. A significant increase in systolic blood pressure (defined as more than 10 mm Hg) was noted for ibrutinib (36.6%) compared with conventional chemoimmunotherapy (7.9%) at 1 month after treatment initiation. Despite being hypertensive at follow-up, 61.2% of patients who were treated with ibrutinib did not receive adequate blood pressure management (increase or addition of blood pressure medications). Within the ibrutinib group, of patients who developed more than 20 mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure, only 52.9% had hypertension management changes.

CONCLUSIONS: Ibrutinib is associated with the development of hypertension and worsening of blood pressure. Cardiologists and oncologists must be aware of this cardiotoxicity to allow timely management of blood pressure elevations.

PMID:34210750 | DOI:10.1136/heartjnl-2021-319110

Neurology. 2021 Jul 1:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012442. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012442. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The clinical impact of renal impairment on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unknown. This study sought to exploratory assess whether the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) affects clinical outcomes or modifies the efficacy of intensive systolic blood pressure (BP) control (target, 110-139 mmHg) against the standard (target, 140-179 mmHg) among patients with ICH.

METHODS: We conducted post-hoc analyses of ATACH-2, a randomized, two-group, open-label trial. The baseline eGFR of each eligible patient was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. The outcome of interest was death or disability at 90 days. Multivariate logistic regression models were used for analysis.

RESULTS: Among the 1000 patients randomized, 974 were analyzed. The median baseline eGFR was 88 (interquartile range: 68, 99) ml/min/1.73 m²; 451 (46.3%), 363 (37.3%) and 160 (16.4%) patients had baseline eGFR values of ≥90, 60-89, and <60 ml/min/1.73 m², respectively. Compared with normal eGFR (≥90 ml/min/1.73 m²), higher odds of death or disability were noted among those with eGFR values of <60 ml/min/1.73 m² (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-3.26) but not among those with eGFR values of 60-89 ml/min/1.73 m² (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.70-1.46). The odds of death or disability were significantly higher in the intensive arm among patients with decreased eGFR; the ORs were 0.89 (95% CI 0.55-1.44), 1.13 (0.68-1.89), and 3.60 (1.47-8.80) in patients with eGFR values of ≥90, 60-89, and <60 ml/min/1.73 m², respectively (p for interaction = 0.02).

DISCUSSION: Decreased eGFR is associated with unfavorable outcomes following ICH. The statistically significant interaction between the eGFR group and treatment assignment raised safety concerns for the intensive BP-lowering therapy among patients with renal impairment.

TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01176565), first submitted on August 6, 2010. The first patient enrolled on May 2011.

CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that in spontaneous ICH, decreased eGFR identifies patients at risk of death or disability following intensive blood pressure control.

PMID:34210824 | DOI:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012442

BMJ Open. 2021 Jul 1;11(7):e048931. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048931.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare depressive symptoms among people with HIV/AIDS and the general population sample. We also assessed the factors associated with depressive symptoms.

DESIGN: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted.

SETTINGS: Antiretroviral therapy clinics in three primary healthcare facilities and semi-urban area in Northwest Ethiopia.

PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1115 participants (558 people with HIV/AIDS and 557 comparison group) aged 18 years and above were recruited. A total of 1026 participants (530 people with HIV/AIDS and 496 comparison group) completed the interview. We excluded people with known HIV-positive status from the comparison group.

OUTCOME MEASURE: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms. The proportion of depressive symptoms was compared between samples of the general population and people with HIV/AIDS using χ² statistics. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to examine the associated factors.

RESULTS: The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 13.3% (11.2%-15.4%). The prevalence was significantly higher in people with HIV/AIDS compared with the community sample (16.6% vs 12.3%), p=0.001. The difference was also significant in the multivariable logistic regression (OR 1.7). For the overall sample, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with older age, being single, divorced/widowed marital status, and poor social support.

CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms were higher in people with HIV/AIDS compared with the general population. It is necessary to include mental healthcare and screening for depression in routine HIV/AIDS care.

PMID:34210733 | DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048931