Tag: pubmed

Food Chem. 2021 Jun 23;364:130434. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130434. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the effects of polysaccharide from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. pulp (JFP-Ps) on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids production in mice. The microbial communities of V3 and V4 region 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR, then sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq PE250 platform and analyzed by multivariate statistical methods. The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured using gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). The results showed that JFP-Ps significantly affected the levels of intestinal bacteria, including Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes, Deferribacteres and TM7. The concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, n-butyric acid and total SCFAs in mouse feces were significantly increased by treatment with JFP-Ps for 2 weeks. These results indicate that JFP-Ps is beneficial to the gut health and can be developed as a functional ingredient in relation to gut health.

PMID:34182368 | DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130434

J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2021 Jun 28. doi: 10.1111/vec.13088. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between various physical and clinicopathologic parameters and the capillary refill time (CRT) using a standard method; to evaluate the influence of emergency room (ER) versus ICU hospital location on CRT; and to identify latent subgroups among the CRT distribution.

DESIGN: Prospective, observational study.

SETTING: University teaching hospital.

ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs in the ER (n = 40) and ICU (n = 71).

INTERVENTIONS: The CRT was defined as the duration required for the oral mucosa of the upper lip to return to its original color after blanching for 4 seconds. The CRT was recorded in seconds to the 10ths place by a single observer using an automated recording device.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Median CRT for all dogs was 1.1 seconds (ER, 1.2 s; ICU, 1.1 s; P = 1.000). The CRT was significantly associated with rectal temperature (P = 0.004), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.028), body weight (P = 0.031), mucous membrane color (P = 0.007), skin turgor (P = 0.039), and acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation mentation score (P = 0.019) for all dogs. The CRT was related to a greater number of variables in the ER than in the ICU patient population. In general, the total population of dogs had CRTs belonging to 1 of 2 groups: either ≤1.2 or ≥1.7 seconds. A statistically significant association was found between body weight CRT ≥1.3 seconds (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS: A CRT following blanching for 4 seconds may provide insight into the hydration status and hemodynamic stability of canine patients. Further research into its clinical application is warranted.

PMID:34181819 | DOI:10.1111/vec.13088

PM R. 2021 Jun 28. doi: 10.1002/pmrj.12661. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Physical therapy and hip arthroscopy are two viable treatment options for patients with non-arthritic hip pain(NAHP); however, patients may experience considerable decisional conflict when making a treatment decision. Interdisciplinary evaluation with a physical therapist and surgeon may better inform the decision-making process and reduce decisional conflict.

OBJECTIVE: Identify the extent to which an interdisciplinary evaluation between a surgeon, physical therapist, and patient influences treatment plans and decisional conflict of persons with NAHP.

DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.

SETTING: Hip preservation clinic.

PARTICIPANTS: Adults with primary NAHP.

INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized to receive a standard (surgeon) or interdisciplinary (surgeon+physical therapist) evaluation. Surgeon evaluations included patient interview, strength and range-of-motion examination, palpation, gross motor observation, and special testing. Interdisciplinary evaluations started with the surgeon evaluation, then a physical therapist evaluated movement impairments during sitting, sit-to-stand, standing, single-leg stance, single-leg squat, and walking. All evaluations concluded with treatment planning with the respective provider(s).

OUTCOME MEASURES: Treatment plan and decisional conflict were collected pre- and post-evaluation. Inclusion of physical therapy(PT) in participants’ post-evaluation treatment plans and post-evaluation decisional conflict were compared between groups using chi-squared tests and Mann Whitney U tests, respectively.

RESULTS: 78 participants (39 in each group) met all eligibility criteria and were included in all analyses. Sixty-six percent of participants who received an interdisciplinary evaluation included PT in their post-evaluation treatment plan, compared to 48% of participants who received a standard evaluation (P = 0.10). Participants who received an interdisciplinary evaluation reported 6.3 points lower decisional conflict regarding their post-evaluation plan (100-point scale; P = 0.04). The interdisciplinary and standard groups reduced decisional conflict on average 24.8 ± 18.9 and 23.6 ± 14.6 points, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Adding a physical therapist to a surgical clinic increased interest in PT treatment, but this increase was not statistically significant. The interdisciplinary group displayed lower post-evaluation decisional conflict; however, both groups displayed similar reductions in decisional conflict from pre- to post-evaluation. This study also demonstrated the feasibility of an interdisciplinary evaluation in a hip preservation clinic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34181823 | DOI:10.1002/pmrj.12661

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2021 Jun 28. doi: 10.1111/apt.16446. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The healing of the mucosal lesion in patients with coeliac disease is slow.

AIM: To determine whether concurrent budesonide and gluten-free diet hasten small bowel healing and symptomatic improvement in patients with newly diagnosed coeliac disease.

METHODS: In a pilot, randomised, double-blind trial, effects on Marsh grading and quantitative duodenal morphometry of 10 weeks’ effervescent budesonide (initially 9 mg/day) or placebo were assessed after 8 and 52 weeks. Multiple clinical measures and adverse events were assessed.

RESULTS: Nineteen patients were randomised to budesonide and 18 to placebo. No differences (all P > 0.32) were observed for the week-8 mucosal response (Marsh 0 or 1) (budesonide: 37% vs placebo: 28%), week-8 remission (Marsh 0) (32% vs 17%), week-52 response (63% vs 44%) and week-52 remission (42% vs 33%). Likewise, the improvement from baseline in villous-height : crypt-depth ratio was not different for the treatment groups. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical measures or adverse events between the treatment groups. No corticosteroid adverse effects were observed. In a post hoc analysis of all patients, Marsh 3C was present at the diagnostic biopsy in 1/9 achieving mucosal remission at 8 weeks versus 18/23 not (P < 0.001) and mean villous-height : crypt-depth ratio was 1.06 (SD: 0.73) versus 0.46 (0.38) (P = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot trial, induction therapy with budesonide had no significant effect on mucosal healing in patients with coeliac disease concurrently initiated on a gluten-free diet. Mucosal remission at 8 weeks occurred in approximately one in four patients and was associated with less severe histological lesions at diagnosis.

PMID:34181750 | DOI:10.1111/apt.16446

Clin Transplant. 2021 Jun 28. doi: 10.1111/ctr.14400. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: OHT recipients with a BMI > = 35 have worse survival than those with a BMI < 35. Diabetes is a risk factor for mortality. We evaluated the impact of diabetes on mortality rates after OHT in patients with a BMI > 35.

METHODS: Patients > 18 years who underwent OHT 2008-2017 with a BMI > = 35 were identified in the UNOS database. Recipient and donor characteristics were compared. A Kaplan Meier analysis was performed. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model examined the relationship between diabetes and survival. The equivalence of survival outcomes was examined by an unadjusted Cox proportional hazards model and the two one-sided test procedure, using a pre-specified equivalence region.

RESULTS: Patients with diabetes were older, had a higher creatinine, lower bilirubin, fewer months on the waitlist, and the donor was less likely to be on inotropes. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no difference in patient survival. Recipient factors associated with an increased risk of death were increasing bilirubin and machine ventilation. Increasing ischemic time resulted in an increased hazard of death. Long-term survival outcomes were equivalent.

CONCLUSIONS: In OHT recipients with a BMI >35, there is no statistical difference in longterm survival in recipients with or without diabetes. These results encourage continued consideration for OHT in patients BMI >35 with coexisting diabetes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34181771 | DOI:10.1111/ctr.14400

Mycoses. 2021 Jun 28. doi: 10.1111/myc.13347. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Aspergillus species is the most common agent of invasive pulmonary fungal disease. Culture based diagnosis considered as gold standard, is limited by the fungal load in samples. Detection of Aspergillus by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has been included as a diagnostic criterion by European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Most routine laboratories lack facilities for molecular diagnosis. Better yield using High Volume Culture (HVC) technique has been reported. Studies have not compared HVC and PCR for detection of Aspergillus species in respiratory samples from patients with suspected Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (IPA) not on antifungal therapy.

OBJECTIVE: This pilot study compared HVC and PCR for the detection of Aspergillus species in respiratory samples from treatment naïve patients.

METHODS: Broncho Alveolar Lavage (BAL) samples from 30 patients with clinical suspicion of IPA were evaluated. Direct microscopy, culture both conventional (CC) and HVC and qualitative Pan Aspergillus PCR were performed. Latent class model was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Sensitivity of HVC (100%) was better compared to CC (60%) and comparable to that of PCR (100%). Specificities of CC, HVC and PCR were 100%, 100% and 25%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: HVC is a simple cost-effective technique with a high sensitivity and specificity. It can be easily introduced in routine microbiology laboratories. In centers with the availability of infrastructure for molecular analysis, Aspergillus PCR with other mycological techniques can be used for better diagnosis and management of patients with IPA.

PMID:34181777 | DOI:10.1111/myc.13347

Angle Orthod. 2021 Jul 1;91(4):509-514. doi: 10.2319/083020-756.1.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To date, the clinical stability of dual-thread orthodontic miniscrews has not been studied. This study aimed to compare the primary stability and long-term clinical success rate of dual-thread and cylindrical orthodontic miniscrews and to examine the association between various clinical factors and the success rate of miniscrews.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 145 cylindrical and 135 dual-thread miniscrews were inserted in the maxillary and mandibular buccal alveolar areas of 142 patients. The torque and Periotest (Siemens, Bensheim, Germany) values were recorded during insertion and removal. The effect of clinical variables such as sex, age, screw design, jaw, side of placement, root proximity, and site of placement on the success rate was examined using logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference (P = .595) in the overall clinical success rate between the two designs, with an overall success rate of 82.1% and 84.4% for the cylindrical and dual-thread miniscrews, respectively. Age and screw-root proximity were significantly associated with failure (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS: The dual-thread miniscrews did not show superior long-term stability and clinical success rate as compared with the cylindrical miniscrews. The results of this study suggest that patient age and screw-root proximity influence the clinical success rate of miniscrews.

PMID:34181723 | DOI:10.2319/083020-756.1

ILAR J. 2021 Jun 25:ilab020. doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilab020. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Animals have been closely observed by humans for at least 17 000 years to gain critical knowledge for human and later animal survival. Routine scientific observations of animals as human surrogates began in the late 19th century driven by increases in new compounds resulting from synthetic chemistry and requiring characterization for potential therapeutic utility and safety. Statistics collected by the United States Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and United Kingdom Home Office show that animal usage in biomedical research and teaching activities peaked after the mid-20th century and thereafter fell precipitously until the early 21st century, when annual increases (in the UK) were again observed, this time driven by expansion of genetically modified animal technologies. The statistics also show a dramatic transfer of research burden in the 20th and 21st centuries away from traditional larger and more publicly sensitive species (dogs, cats, non-human primates, etc) towards smaller, less publicly sensitive mice, rats, and fish. These data show that new technology can produce multi-faceted outcomes to reduce and/or to increase annual animal usage and to redistribute species burden in biomedical research. From these data, it is estimated that annual total vertebrate animal usage in biomedical research and teaching in the United States was 15 to 25 million per year during 2001-2018. Finally, whereas identification and incorporation of non-animal alternatives are products of, but not an integral component of, the animal research cycle, they replace further use of animals for specific research and product development purposes and create their own scientific research cycles, but are not necessarily a substitute for animals or humans for discovery, acquisition, and application of new (eg, previously unknown and/or unsuspected) knowledge critical to further advance human and veterinary medicine and global species survival.

PMID:34181728 | DOI:10.1093/ilar/ilab020

Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2021 Spring;32(1):33-42.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Internet addiction (IA) turn out to be a serious health problem in our country as in the whole world, especially for young adults. To our knowledge, there are very few studies investigating IA and associated psychological variables in a Turkish sample. The purpose of this study is to develop the internet addiction scale (IAS) on the basis of the diagnostic criteria for internet gaming disorder, in the third section of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).

METHOD: The study included 331 university students consisting of 189 (57.1%) females and 142 (42.9%) males with a mean age of 21.6 (SD=2.61) years. Data were acquired with a Demographic Information Form, the Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS), the Impulsive Behaviour Scale (IBS) based on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the SelfCompassion Scale (SCS) and the Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS).

RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the IAS has a 7-factor structure with an internal consistency coefficient of 0.97 in accordance with the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.

CONCLUSION: Results of the statistical analyses showed the psychometric properties of IAS to be valid on a Turkish student sample and it significantly correlated with loneliness, self-compassion, impulsivity and basic psychological needs.

PMID:34181742

Am J Hypertens. 2021 Jun 28:hpab103. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpab103. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide. Early studies demonstrated the short-term effects of hypertension on kidney function and morphology in ablative nephropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term consequences of hypertension in 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6NE) model.

METHODS: Reduction of the kidney mass by 5/6NE was created in spontaneous hypertensive (SHR) rats and genetically similar normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Blood pressure, serum creatinine (SCr), hematuria and proteinuria were monitored weekly for 23 weeks. Kidney morphology was assessed at the end of the study. Sham-operated rats from both strains were used as controls.

RESULTS: Rats with 5/6NE had increased SCr, blood pressure, hematuria and proteinuria in both SHR and WKY. Even though the SCr levels and blood pressure were greater in 5/6NE SHR as compared to 5/6NE WKY rats, absolute changes from sham-operated rats were not statistically significant between these two groups. 5/6NE SHR had earlier onset and a higher proteinuria than 5/6NE WKY rats. Hematuria was similar in 5/6NE SHR and 5/6NE WKY rats. However, 5/6NE SHR had enlarged glomeruli, increased interstitial fibrosis and prominent intimal thickening in the small arteries/arterioles as compared to 5/6NE WKY rats.

CONCLUSIONS: The long-term severity of kidney injury correlated with higher blood pressure. . Reduction of the kidney mass increases SCr, hematuria, proteinuria and blood pressure in both normotensive and hypertensive rats. Histological assessment provides better information about underlying chronic kidney injury than actual changes in SCr and urinalysis.

PMID:34181718 | DOI:10.1093/ajh/hpab103