Tag: pubmed

J Environ Manage. 2021 Sep 11;300:113719. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113719. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Shrimp are one of the fastest growing commodities in aquaculture and have a considerable land footprint. Here, we explored the impact of utilizing different production methods (extensive vs intensive) for expanding shrimp production on the cumulative land footprint of shrimp aquaculture. A meta-analytic approach was utilized to simultaneously estimate model coefficients to explore three relationships: production intensity and total land burden, production intensity and the proportion of land at the farm, and production intensity and the farmland burden. A literature review was conducted and a total of 7 datasets, 22 subsets, and 973 individual farms were included in this study. The global models were as follows: model 1 → ln (total land burden) = 0.1165-0.3863 * ln (production intensity), model 2 → proportion of direct (farm) land use:total land use = 0.7592-0.1737 * ln (production intensity), model 3 → ln (direct land use) = 0.1991-0.9674 * ln (production intensity). Production expansion was modeled under different scenarios. The most land intensive projections involved using only extensive systems to increase production when compared to a business-as-usual scenario. The least land intensive scenario involved utilizing intensive systems. A scenario where farmland was not expanded used 17% less land and 28% less land to produce 7.5 and 10 million tons of shrimp, respectively, when compared to business-as-usual scenarios. These estimates are limited by uncertainty in shrimp feed composition but demonstrate the effect of production intensity on the overall land footprint of shrimp production.

PMID:34521002 | DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113719

Int Emerg Nurs. 2021 Sep 11;58:101050. doi: 10.1016/j.ienj.2021.101050. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is a strong biomedical focus within emergency care. However, while failure to meet patients’ fundamental care needs has severe consequences for the patient, there is limited knowledge on how nursing care is provided in emergency rooms and the related implications for patients.

AIM: This study aims to explore how fundamental care needs of critically ill patients are met in emergency rooms.

METHODS: Non-participant observations at an emergency department in Sweden included 108 observations and field notes (150 h). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS: Observations showed that registered nurses (RN) identified patients’ fundamental care needs and provided nursing care. However, the RNs’ focus on the patient decreased over time. When the RN communicated with the patient, the patients’ physical needs were met to a greater extent. The organisational structure and physical environment of emergency rooms limit RNs’ ability to meet patients’ fundamental care needs.

CONCLUSION: Not all patients had their fundamental care needs optimally met. This study highlights the importance of RNs working in an integrated manner; an RN working bedside is crucial for establishing a patient-nurse relationship to meet the patient’s physical, psychosocial, and relational needs.

PMID:34520964 | DOI:10.1016/j.ienj.2021.101050

Am J Otolaryngol. 2021 Sep 3;43(1):103195. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103195. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Adenotonsillectomy (T&A) is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in the United States. Several studies have defined the safety of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) during this surgery, and conflicting evidence exists describing the role it plays in reducing intraoperative times. Our objective is to describe the role LMA and operating on a stretcher have on reducing intraoperative time during pediatric T&A.

METHODS: This is a retrospective review between October 2017 and January 2020. We included patients between the ages of 4-18 years old undergoing T&A. We excluded medically complex patients with chromosomal, craniofacial, and metabolic abnormalities, patients with cerebral palsy, and those who were tracheostomy dependent. Patient demographics included surgical indication, age, sex, obesity, use of preoperative midazolam, type of airway used, use of traditional operating room (OR) bed versus transport stretcher, surgeon type, and intraoperative times. Data was analyzed with univariate t-test and multivariate linear regression.

RESULTS: One hundred seventy-nine patients were included with an average age of 7.2 years. LMA and stretcher were used on 46.4% and 40.2% of patients, respectively. On multivariate linear regression LMA reduced emergence time by 4.4 min (p ≤ 0.001, 95% CI -6.7 to -2.1) and transport stretcher reduced induction time by 2.5 min (p = 0.04, 95% CI -4.9 to -0.1). Use of LMA and stretcher did not have a statistically significant difference on actual procedure time.

CONCLUSION: Our study further supports the role LMA has in reducing intraoperative times in addition to describing a novel method of reducing intraoperative time by operating on a transport stretcher for healthy children undergoing T&A.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

PMID:34520971 | DOI:10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103195

Respir Med. 2021 Sep 10;188:106609. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106609. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Radial endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy (rEBUS-TBB) facilitates the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions. However, methods to prevent infectious complications afterwards have not been well established. Therefore, we analyzed the efficacy of short-term oral antibiotics for preventing infectious complications.

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 484 patients. Patients who underwent rEBUS-TBB from March 2018 to March 2019 did not receive prophylactic antibiotics (“no prophylactic” group, n = 233), while patients who underwent rEBUS-TBB from April 2019 to March 2020 did receive prophylactics (oral amoxicillin/clavulanate for 3 days; “prophylactic” group, n = 251). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent factors for infectious complications.

RESULTS: The median age was 66 years (IQR: 59-74 years), and 58.9% were male. Slightly over half of the patients (54.4%) were previous or current smokers. In 13% (n = 63) of patients, the procedure was performed using a guide sheath. Infectious complications occurred in 12 (5.2%) and 2 (0.8%) cases in the no prophylactic and prophylactic groups, respectively. In multivariable analysis, infectious complications were significantly associated with a cavity or low-density attenuation (LDA) of the lesion, and with obstructive pneumonic consolidation, but not with prophylactic antibiotics. In subgroup analysis, infectious complications occurred less often when prophylactic antibiotics were used in patients with at least one risk factor (22.4% vs. 0%, p = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors for infectious complications were cavities, LDA in the lesion, and obstructive pneumonic consolidation. Use prophylactic antibiotics might reduce incidence of infectious complications in the presence of these risk factors.

PMID:34520893 | DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106609

Soc Sci Med. 2021 Sep 8;287:114379. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114379. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Efforts to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 rely on trust in public health organizations and practices. These practices include contact tracing, which requires people to share personal information with public health organizations. The central role of trust in these practices has gained more attention during the pandemic, resurfacing endemic questions about public trust and potential racial trust disparities, especially as they relate to participation in public health efforts. Using an explanatory mixed methods design, we conducted quantitative analysis of state-level survey data in the United States from a representative sample of Michigan residents (n = 1000) in May 2020. We used unadjusted and adjusted linear regressions to examine differences in trust in public health information and willingness to participate in public health efforts by race. From July to September 2020, we conducted qualitative interviews (n = 26) to further explain quantitative results. Using unadjusted linear regression, we observed higher willingness to participate in COVID-19 public health efforts among Black survey respondents compared to White respondents. In adjusted analysis, that difference disappeared, yielding no statistically significant difference between Black and White respondents in either trust in public health information sources or willingness to participate. Qualitative interviews were conducted to explain these findings, considering their contrast with assumptions that Black people would exhibit lower trust in public health organizations during COVID-19. Altruism, risk acknowledgement, trust in public health organizations during COVID-19, and belief in efficacy of public health efforts contributed to willingness to participate in public health efforts among interviewees. Our findings underscore the contextual nature of trust, and the importance of this context when analyzing protective health behaviors among communities disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Assumptions about mistrust among Black individuals and communities may be inaccurate because they overlook the specific context of the public health crisis. These findings are important because they indicate that Black respondents are exhibiting strategic trust during COVID-19 despite systemic, contemporary, and historic barriers to trust. Conceptual specificity rather than blanket generalizations is warranted, especially given the harms of stereotyping and discrimination.

PMID:34520940 | DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114379

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2021 Sep 12:102534. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102534. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Curcuminoids have been designed not only to improve chemical and metabolic stability of curcumin (CUR), but also to increase its antimicrobial activity, without affecting its ability as photosensitizer agent in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with light emitting diode (LED). This study evaluated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm action of curcumin analog DHC (or 3,3′-dihydroxycurcumin), submitted or not to LED irradiation, on microorganisms of endodontic importance and its influence on fibroblasts viability.

METHODS: DHC was synthetized by modified Pablon’s methodology and the experiments were conducted under irradiation or not with indium gallium nitride-based LED (465-485nm, 100 mW/cm², 0.78 cm²,60 s). The antimicrobial activity of CUR and DHC were determined by the Minimum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentration assays against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the effect of both compounds on fibroblast viability was tested using colorimetric assays. They were also evaluated on 72h and 7days single-species biofilms and on 14 days multispecies biofilms formed inside dentin tubules by bacterial colonies counts and confocal microscopy, respectively. Data were analyzed statistically considering p<0.05.

RESULTS: DHC had bactericidal effect against all bacteria tested higher than CUR, in planktonic conditions. CUR and DHC (at 39 and 19 μg/mL, respectively) were cytocompatible and LED irradiation reduced fibroblast viability, regardless of compound. CUR and DHC reduced the growth of single-species biofilms and the effect of aPDT was bacteria dependent. DHC reduced more than 70% of microorganisms from multispecies biofilms, superior to CUR effect.

CONCLUSIONS: DHC showed low cytotoxicity and antibiofilm effect similar to curcumin, when submitted or not to aPDT, and could be further explored as bioactive compound for endodontic purposes.

PMID:34520879 | DOI:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102534

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2021 Sep 11:102533. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102533. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: We aimed to perform structural analysis of the choroid in adults with different refractive status.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, comparative study of 100 right eyes of 100 patients ages 18-40 years was conducted. The patients were divided into four groups according to spherical equivalent (SE): Group 1: -0.5 and above, low-to-moderate myopia; Group 2: -6 and above, high myopia; Group 3: +0.5 and above, hyperopia; Group 4: +/- 0.5, emmetropia. With the images obtained using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), the total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), and choroidal vascular index (CVI) were calculated using the binarization method. The anterior chamber depth (ACD), axial length (AL), and central corneal thickness (CCT) values were measured by optical biometry. All parameters were compared between groups. The correlation of biometric parameters with CVI was examined.

RESULTS: Parameters were found to be statistically different between the four groups. TCA, LA, and SA values were the highest in Group 3 and lowest in Group 2. L/S ratio and CVI values in Group 3 were significantly lower than in the other groups. There was a negative correlation between AL with SE and CT, and no correlation between the CVI and other parameters.

CONCLUSION: CVI decreases when emmetropization is disrupted and changes to hypermetropia or myopia. The reason for the decrease in myopia is the reduction of the luminal area, while in hyperopia it is due to an increase in the stromal area. When there is a shift toward myopia, there is a decrease in the TCA, but the CVI does not change significantly. Unlike CT, the CVI is not affected by factors such as SE and AL; therefore, the CVI can be a useful parameter for examining choroidal changes in refractive errors.

PMID:34520880 | DOI:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102533

Infect Genet Evol. 2021 Sep 11:105082. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105082. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study was to find out novel miRNAs whether could be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in sepsis. We used miRNAs microarray assays and further confirmed the levels of miRNAs in 151 septic patients’ plasma. 56 miRNAs were up-regulated and 74 miRNAs down-regulated in septic patients compared with the healthy volunteers. But only miR-519c-5p and miR-3622b-3p were up-regulated in both septic and septic shock patients. The levels of miR-519c-5p and miR-3622b-3p were statistically higher in 151 septic patients than healthy controls on day 1. The AUC for miR-519c-5p was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.688-0.892, p = 0.001) in the diagnosis of sepsis, and the AUC for miR-3622b-3p 0.752 (95% CI, 0.622-0.881, p = 0.003). The AUC for the combination of these two miRNAs was 0.831 (95% CI, 0.74-0.923, p < 0.001). Besides, the AUC for miR-519c-5p was 0.597 (p = 0.043) in predicting 28-day mortality. MiR-519c-5p, miR-3622b-3p were novel biomarkers for diagnosing septic patients. High miR-519c-5p levels suggest a worse short-term prognosis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: Name of the registry: Diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating miRNA in patients with sepsis; Trial registration ID: ChiCTR-DDD-17,013,150; registered 30 October 2017; http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=22528&htm=4.

PMID:34520874 | DOI:10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105082

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2021 Sep 11:102531. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102531. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the choroidal structural parameters, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and optic density index (ODI) and their correlations in patients with migraines.

METHODS: Twenty-eight newly diagnosed migraine patients and 28 age-matched healthy controls were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. The enhanced depth-optical coherence tomography images were evaluated. The choroidal area (CA) was binarized to the luminal area (LA) and stromal area (SA) using Image J. The choroidal vascularity index (CVI), the mean peripapillary RNFL thickness, superior-inferior-nasal-temporal quadrant RNFL thicknesses, and the ODI were compared statistically.

RESULTS: The difference in the mean CVI between the patient group and controls reached a statistical significance (p=0.035). The mean RNFL thickness was significantly decreased in patients with migraines compared with the controls (p=0.040). The mean RNFL thickness in the superior, temporal, and inferior quadrants was significantly decreased in the patient group in comparison to the control subjects (p=0.030, p=0.001, and p=0.022, respectively). There were no significant differences between the migraine group and the controls for the mean ODI of RNFL (p=0.399).

CONCLUSION: The CVI and the RNFL thickness except for the nasal quadrant were significantly decreased in newly diagnosed migraine patients.

PMID:34520878 | DOI:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102531

J Clin Epidemiol. 2021 Sep 11:S0895-4356(21)00284-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.09.004. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:34520848 | DOI:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.09.004