Tag: pubmed

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2021 Oct 16:S0889-5406(21)00550-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.01.021. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate whether there are differences in the duration of treatment and the quality of treatment results between patients whose entire treatment process is carried out by a single operator and those patients who are transferred to a second operator.

METHODS: One hundred twenty-three patients whose fixed orthodontic treatments were completed and included in the study, and their posttreatment plaster models and panoramic radiographs were used. Fifty-nine of the subjects were transfer patients, and their treatment was administered by 2 residents (transfer group). For the remaining 64 patients, all the treatment was carried out by a single resident (control group). Each group was further divided into 2 groups according to the treatment modality, resulting in 4 groups (nonextraction transfer group [n = 27], extraction transfer group [n = 32], nonextraction control group [n = 32], and extraction control group [n = 32]). The quality of the treatment outcomes was evaluated and compared using the American Board of Orthodontics cast-radiograph evaluation (CRE).

RESULTS: The total mean CRE scores in the nonextraction transfer and nonextraction control groups were 35.74 and 29.88, respectively. The means of treatment duration in the nonextraction transfer and nonextraction control groups were 32.7 months and 17.25 months, respectively. The total mean CRE scores in the extraction transfer and extraction control groups were 39.53 and 31.41, respectively. The means of treatment duration in the extraction transfer and extraction control groups were 34.38 and 22.94 months, respectively. Differences between all the compared pairings were statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: The transferred patients had longer treatment times and poorer treatment quality than the control group patients.

PMID:34666925 | DOI:10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.01.021

Transfus Apher Sci. 2021 Oct;60(5):103250. doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103250. Epub 2021 Aug 17.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acute toxic hepatitis can result in a different clinical course from a completely curable disease to subacute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and fulminant hepatitis failure, which is quite mortal. For this purpose, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) can be used for improving treatment outcomes by reducing the harmful substances caused with and/or without liver function in acute toxic hepatitis. We aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes in severe acute toxic hepatitis patients who applied early TPE procedure.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 335 patients who received TPE between 2010-2021 were retrospectively screened and 59 (male/female, 30/29; min/max-age, 22-84) patients with acute toxic hepatitis who underwent TPE in the first 24 h were included in the study. TPE was performed in patients who had high total bilirubin level (>10 mg/dL). Laboratory parameters of the patients before and after the TPE procedure, number of patients developed complications of acute toxic hepatitis and mortality rates were evaluated for effectiveness of TPE.

RESULTS: Acute toxic hepatitis was associated with hepatotoxic drugs in 44 (74.5 %), herbal medication 6 (10.2 %), mushroom poisoning 6 (10.2 %) and with substance abuse 3 (5.1 %) in patients. When the patients were compared based on INR, liver function tests, ammonia, lactate and Model For End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score at baseline, 48 h after TPE (independently of TPE number) and before final state a statistically significant decrease was observed in all parameters (p < 0.05). Fifty three (90 %) of patients improved without complications, the remaining 6 (10 %) patients were diagnosed with fulminant hepatitis. All these remaining patients died before liver transplantation (LTx) could be performed.

CONCLUSION: TPE is a safe, tolerable therapy option and early TPE may improve treatment outcomes in severe acute toxic hepatitis.

PMID:34666895 | DOI:10.1016/j.transci.2021.103250

ISA Trans. 2021 Sep 27:S0019-0578(21)00501-2. doi: 10.1016/j.isatra.2021.09.017. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Aided by a modified event-triggered communication policy (ETCP), this article addresses the dissipativity-based control synthesis problem for semi-Markovian switching systems (SMSSs) with simultaneous multiplicative probabilistic faults on sensors and actuators modules. The resulting model under consideration is more extensive, which covers semi-Markovian switching coefficients, transmission delays, and randomly occurring sensors and actuators faults in a unified systematic analytical framework instead of investigating separately in some existing works. More specifically, the probabilistic faults are assumed to happen on both the sensors and actuators modules simultaneously, and the distortion probability for each sensor and actuator is irrelevant, which can be characterized by multiplicate mutually independent stochastic variables that obeys certain statistical features and probabilistic distribution delineate on the interval [0,✠](✠≥1). To reduce the bandwidth usage, a novel event-triggered strategy is designed. Additionally, in the light of this newly developed ETCP, and considering the effects of the signal transmission delays and multitudinous probabilistic failures, a generalized and more realistic faulty pattern for SMSSs is presented, which is more fit for real applications. Hereby, the principal superiority of the established new type faulty pattern lies in its practicality and generality, which contains some previous faulty models as special scenarios. By constructing an appropriate semi-Markovian Lyapunov functional (SMLF) together with mathematical analysis technique and matrix inequality decoupling operation, sojourn-time-dependent sufficient conditions for determining both the control gain matrices and triggered configuration coefficients are developed and formulated in terms of a group of feasible linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Eventually, several practical examples are exploited to substantiate the validity and practicability of the developed control design methodology.

PMID:34666899 | DOI:10.1016/j.isatra.2021.09.017

J Clin Sleep Med. 2021 Nov 1;17(11):2171-2178. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.9342.

ABSTRACT

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Lower therapeutic positive airway pressure (PAP) levels are associated with improved response to non-PAP therapies in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevailing notion that patients with apnea-predominant obstructive sleep apnea require higher therapeutic PAP levels compared to patients with hypopnea-predominant obstructive sleep apnea.

METHODS: An institutional review board-approved retrospective review was performed using strict inclusion criteria: presence of type I or III sleep study, apnea-hypopnea index > 10 events/h, and adherence to auto-adjusting continuous positive airway pressure. Patients were stratified by apnea (> 50% apneas) or hypopnea (≤ 50% apneas) predominance, and PAP data were compared. Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t test and linear regression modeling.

RESULTS: Between January 1, 2018 and January 1, 2020, 500 patients met inclusion criteria. Two hundred twenty-one (44.1%) patients were apnea-predominant and 279 (55.8%) were hypopnea-predominant. Apnea-predominant patients had a slightly greater mean PAP (9.01 vs 8.36, P = .002) than hypopnea-predominant patients. Univariable and multivariable linear regression of 7 variables (obstructive apnea percentage, age, sex, body mass index, apnea-hypopnea index, O₂ nadir, mask type) showed obstructive apnea percentage was the weakest predictor of therapeutic PAP levels.

CONCLUSIONS: Apnea-predominant individuals demonstrated a clinically insignificant difference in PAP level compared to hypopnea-predominant individuals; moreover, obstructive apnea percentage was not a strong predictor of therapeutic PAP levels. Of the modeled variables, the strongest predictor of PAP level was apnea-hypopnea index. Further studies are needed to explore these relationships as well as additional variables that may contribute to predicting therapeutic PAP levels.

CITATION: Yu JL, Liu Y, Tangutur A, et al. Influence of apnea vs hypopnea predominance in predicting mean therapeutic positive airway pressures among patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(11):2171-2178.

PMID:34666884 | DOI:10.5664/jcsm.9342

Chin Med Sci J. 2021 Sep 30;36(3):225-233. doi: 10.24920/003834.

ABSTRACT

Objective This study aimed to assess the protective value of adiponectin (APN) in pancreatic islet injury induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (NC) group, CIH group, and CIH with APN supplement (CIH+APN) group. After 5 weeks of CIH exposure, we conducted oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and insulin released test (IRT), examined and compared the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, enzymes gene expression levels of Ant1, Cs, Hmox1, and Cox4i1 which represented mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle function, the protein and gene expression levels of DRP1, FIS1, MFN1, and OPA1 which represented mitochondrial fusion and division, and the protein expression levels of BAX, BCL-2, cleaved Caspase-3, and cleaved PARP which represented mitochondrial associated apoptosis pathway of pancreatic islet. Results OGTT and IRT showed blood glucose and insulin levels had no differences among the NC, CIH and CIH+APN groups (both P>0.05) at 0 min, 20 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min. However, we found that compared to NC group, CIH increased the ROS level, reduced ATP level and MMP level. The islets of CIH exposed rats showed reduced gene expression levels of Ant1, Cs, Hmox1, and Cox4i1, decreased protein and gene expression levels of MFN1 and OPA1, increased protein and gene expression levels of DRP1 and FIS1, increased protein expression levels of cleaved Caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, with lower ratio of BCL-2/BAX at protein expression level. All the differences among three groups were statistically significant. APN treated CIH rats showed mitigated changes in the above measurements associated with islet injuries. Conclusion APN may ameliorate the pancreatic islet injury induced by CIH via inhibiting the imbalance in mitochondrial fusion and division.

PMID:34666876 | DOI:10.24920/003834

Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2021 Oct 20:1-28. doi: 10.1017/neu.2021.34. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The treatment of mania in bipolar disorders needs to be more efficient, as the manic condition creates severe problems for the patient when it comes to work, finances, relationships, and health. This proof-of-concept study examines to what extent casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) may reduce the precursors of dopamine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, in plasma, and therefore be a potential new intervention to treat acute manic episodes.

METHOD: The study was designed as a double-blind randomised dose-response study of CGMP (with added leucine and tryptophan) in 15 healthy men, receiving 3 different doses of CGMP with an interval of at least 14 days.

RESULTS: Administration of CGMP produced a dose dependent depletion of plasma aromatic amino acids. The total area under the curve of plasma ratios of phenylalanine-tyrosine compared to the level of leucine-isoleucine-valine-tryptophan was CGMP(20g): 3.648 [SE:0.3281]; CGMP(40g): 2.368 [SE:0.1858]; CGMP(60g)1.887 [SE:0.2591]. A comparison of the groups showed a dose dependent statistical difference, with a One-Way ANOVA summary (Dunnett) F= 11.87, p= 0.0003, CGMP 20g vs CGMP 40g, p= 0.0042, CGMP 20g vs CGMP 60g, p= 0.0002. No significant side effects were observed.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrate CGMP is a well-tolerated and effective mixture, and that 60 g CGMP produced the highest depletion of plasma aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine). The effect seems to be highest after 3-4 hours. We therefore conclude that this dose should be the one considered for future studies involving CGMP in humans.

PMID:34666854 | DOI:10.1017/neu.2021.34

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021 Oct 19;13(1):130. doi: 10.1186/s13102-021-00355-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Symmetry is a sign of physiological and healthy movements, as pathologies are often described by increased asymmetries. Nevertheless, based on precisely measured data, even healthy individuals will show small asymmetries in their movements. However, so far there do not exist commonly accepted methods and reference values for gait symmetry in a healthy collective. Therefore, a comparison and presentation of reference values calculated by 3 different methods of symmetry indices for lower limb joint angles during walking, ascending, and descending stairs were shown.

METHODS: Thirty-five healthy participants were analyzed during walking, ascending, and descending stairs with the help of the inertial measurement system MyoMotion. Using the normalized symmetry index (SI_norm), the symmetry index (SI) as the integral of the symmetry function, and another normalized symmetry index (NSI), the symmetry of joint angles was evaluated. For statistical evaluation of differences, repeated measurement models and Bland-Altman-Plots were used.

RESULTS: Apart from a bias between the symmetry indices, they were comparable in the predefined limits of 5%. For all parameters, significantly higher asymmetry was found for ankle dorsi/-plantarflexion, compared with the hip and knee flexion. Moreover, the interaction effect of the joint and movement factors was significant, with an increased asymmetry of the hip and knee during descending stairs greater than while ascending stairs or walking, but a reduced symmetry of the ankle during walking when compared to descending. The movement only showed significant effects when analyzing the SI_norm.

CONCLUSION: Even for healthy individuals, small asymmetries of movements were found and presented as reference values using 3 different symmetry indices for dynamic lower limb joint angles during 3 different movements. For the quantification of symmetrical movements differences between the joints, movements, and especially their interaction, are necessary to be taken into account. Moreover, a bias between the methods should be noted. The potential for each presented symmetry index to identify pathological movements or track a rehabilitation process was shown but has to be proven in further research.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: DRKS00025878.

PMID:34666818 | DOI:10.1186/s13102-021-00355-4

BMC Psychol. 2021 Oct 19;9(1):162. doi: 10.1186/s40359-021-00669-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Various agents such as psychosocial items and accident proneness can affect cognitive failures through different paths. The probable paths are the direct effects of workplace psychosocial items on cognitive failures and their indirect effects on cognitive failures through the mediator variable of accident proneness, which has not yet been studied by others. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate these paths.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 164 male employees of Karoon Sugar Company in 2018. The participants were asked to complete a background and demographic questionnaire, Broadbent cognitive failures scale, accident proneness questionnaire, and Copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire. Obtained data were analyzed and modeled using the statistical descriptive method, ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson correlation test, and path analysis in the SPSS and AMOS software.

RESULTS: The results of the path analysis showed that, not only, some psychosocial risk items had a significant direct effect on cognitive failures, but also, they could affect cognitive failures through the accident proneness, indirectly. Work-family conflict and social support from supervisors by coefficients of 0.188 and – 0.187 had the highest direct effects, respectively. The highest indirect effects belonged to justice and respect, and work-family conflict by coefficients of – 0.220 and 0.199, respectively. The highest total effects were also related to the work-family conflict and justice and respect by coefficients of 0.387 and – 0.381, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: In total, our results showed that some psychological items could, directly and indirectly, increase cognitive failure through accident proneness.

PMID:34666835 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-021-00669-5

Crit Care. 2021 Oct 19;25(1):365. doi: 10.1186/s13054-021-03786-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Timing of swallows in relation to respiratory phases is associated with aspiration events. Oxygen therapy possibly affects the timing of swallows, which may alter airway protective mechanisms.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the coordination between swallowing and respiration during water infusion in post-extubation patients using high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) with the coordination in those using low flow nasal oxygen (LFNO).

METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled crossover study in post-extubation patients. The patients extubated within 48 h were randomly assigned to two groups, namely, HFNO and LFNO. The eligible patients in each group received either HFNO with fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) 0.35, flow 50 L per minute (LPM), and temperature 34 °C or LFNO 5 LPM for 5 min. The coordination between swallowing and respiration was observed during continuous infusion of 10-ml water one minute three times. Respiratory phases and swallowing were monitored using electrocardiogram (EKG)-derived respiratory signals and submental electromyography (EMG), respectively. The swallowing frequency and timing of swallows in relation to respiratory phases were recorded. The coordination between swallowing and respiration was classified into 4 patterns, namely I, E, I-E, and E-I swallows. (I; inspiration and E; expiration) Subsequently, after a 5-min washout period, the patients were switched to the other type of oxygen therapy using the same procedure. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 22 patients with a mean age of 56 years were enrolled in the study. The major indication for invasive mechanical ventilation was pneumonia with a median duration of endotracheal intubation of 2.5 days. The median total swallowing numbers (three minutes) were 18.5 times in the HFNO period and 21 times in the LFNO period (p = NS). The most common swallowing pattern was E-swallow. The patients using HFNO had higher numbers of E-swallow pattern (74.3% in HFNO vs 67.6% in LFNO; p = 0.048) and lower numbers of I-swallow pattern (14.3% in HFNO vs 23.1% in LFNO; p = 0.044). The numbers of other swallowing patterns were not different between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with LFNO, HFNO significantly increased the E-swallow and decreased the I-swallow in post-extubation patients. The findings indicated that HFNO might reduce a risk of aspiration during the post-extubation period. Clinical trial No.: Thai clinical trial TCTR20200206004 Registered February 4, 2020. URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/index.php?tp=regtrials&menu=trialsearch&smenu=fulltext&task=search&task2=view1&id=5740 .

PMID:34666808 | DOI:10.1186/s13054-021-03786-0

J Pharm Policy Pract. 2021 Oct 19;14(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s40545-021-00372-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Patient satisfaction is a widely used indicator to measure quality of pharmacy services. Currently, a transformational pharmacy service called auditable pharmaceutical transactions and services is being implemented nationally in Ethiopia. However, there is a dearth of evidence regarding the national impact of this system on patient satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: To assess patient satisfaction in hospital pharmacies that have implemented auditable pharmaceutical transactions and services in Ethiopia.

METHOD: This is a national study conducted based on a cross-sectional study design. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from September 5 to October 5, 2020. The collected data was analyzed using spreadsheet excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The proportions, ratios, and percentages were used for presenting data. A binary logistic regression test was used to determine the association of patient satisfaction with dispensary infrastructure, medicines availability, scores of labeling, and scores of patient knowledge on dispensed medicines. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULT: A total of 650 participants were included in this study for whom a total of 1422 medicines were prescribed which gives an average of 2.19 medicine per patient. The availability of the prescribed medicines in the pharmacies was 1061 (75%), and the affordability of medicines was 1.93 WD that indicates an unaffordable price. The average written medication labels score of 3.1 out of 8 points and the average patient knowledge score for correct usage of medicines was 4.5 out of 6 points. Overall, 585 (90%) of patients reported being satisfied with pharmacy services; the counseling skill of pharmacists 609 (93.7%), and dispensing area 607 (93.4%) cited the most. The only significantly associated factor for satisfaction was the infrastructure of the pharmacy.

CONCLUSION: Overall satisfaction of patients with the auditable pharmaceutical transactions and services implemented in hospital pharmacy services was generally high. The participants were most satisfied with the pharmacist counseling and dispensary area. The medication availability is moderate but the cost is unaffordable. Advanced infrastructures have resulted in a significant improvement in patient satisfaction.

PMID:34666817 | DOI:10.1186/s40545-021-00372-1