Tag: pubmed

Brain Behav. 2021 Sep 14:e2356. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2356. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Ischemia is one of the most familiar complications in the different procedures for moyamoya disease (MMD), but the optimal surgical approaches for MMD remain unknown. We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of various surgical treatments.

METHODS: A literature search word was performed through four databases such as Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE for the literature published until May 2021. The I² statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. A random/fixed-effects model was used to pool.

RESULTS: There are a total of 18 studies including three surgical treatments such as including indirect, direct, and combined bypass in this study. The result revealed that indirect bypass was related to a higher incidence of recurrence stroke compared to the direct and combined bypass treatment (p = .001). Furthermore, the cases undergoing direct bypass were associated with a better angiographic change than the indirect bypass (OR = 3.254, p = .013).

CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrated a positive effect of using the direct and combined bypass to treat MMD compared to indirect bypass due to their lower rates of recurrence stroke.

PMID:34520635 | DOI:10.1002/brb3.2356

Ir Med J. 2021 Aug 19;114(7):407.

ABSTRACT

Background Hypernatraemia is associated with a short-term mortality of 20-60%. Age-related physiological changes predispose patients to hypernatraemia. This study reviewed acutely admitted patients comparing those with community-acquired (CAH) and hospital-acquired hypernatraemia (HAH). Methods A retrospective study of 102 consecutive acute medical in-patients with serum [Na]>145 mmol/L was conducted. Baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory values, monitoring, management and outcomes were compared between CAH and HAH groups. Results Patients were exclusively older (>69 years). Forty patients (39.2%) had CAH and sixty-two (61.8%) had HAH. Those with CAH were more likely to be NH residents, have dementia and reduced mobility. Most HAH patients had mild hypernatraemia initially (75.8%, n=47), and higher rates of acute kidney injury (27% (n=11) vs 8% (n=3)/p=0.02) were observed. Monitoring was inadequate and no patient had a free water deficit documented. Medication review and intravenous fluid prescribing was similar between groups. The median length of stay of discharged HAH patients was longer (22.5 vs 8 days/p=0.005). Mortality rates were similar (47% (n=29) vs 37% (n=15)/p=0.416). Time from admission to death was higher in HAH patients (16 vs 8 days/p=0.008). Conclusions Both CAH and HAH present similarly, however, older patients with cognitive/physical impairments are at an increased risk. Early identification of high-risk patients and adherence to best practice guidelines is required.

PMID:34520642

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021 Sep 14. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14439. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Skincare products and cosmetic procedures are used as an adjunct or complementary to conventional drug therapy for acne vulgaris (AV).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of skincare products and the frequency of cosmetic procedures in AV treatment.

METHODS: A total of 1,755 patients with AV completed the survey prepared by the researchers and the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) questionnaire. The clinical findings and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) severity scores were recorded by the dermatologists.

RESULTS: For AV, 66.7% of the patients stated that they used skincare products and 26.7% had undergone cosmetic procedures. The use of skincare products was statistically significantly higher in women (female: 74.5%, male: 57.7%, p < 0.0001); older people (users: 22 ± 7.6years, non-users: 21.2 ± 5.7 years, p < 0.0001); patients with a higher CADI score (users: 7 ± 3.7, non-users: 6.9 ± 4.3, p = 0.010); FDA severity score 2 and 3 (FDA-1: 58.1%; FDA-2: 72.4%, FDA-3: 73%, FDA-4: 67%, p < 0.0001); long-term disease (users: 57 ± 43 months; non-users: 47.7 ± 42.3 months, p < 0.0001); facial involvement (present: 70.2%, absent: 51.4%, p = 0.017); high income levels (users: 73.5%; non-users: 26.5%, p = 0.001); and graduate or post-graduate degrees (undergraduate≤%62.8, graduate≥%76.8, p < 0.0001). The rate of cosmetic procedures was higher in those with higher CADI scores (users: 7.8 ± 3.8; non-users: 7.1 ± 3.96, p < 0.0001); older patients (users: 22.7 ± 10.7 years; non-users: 21.3 ± 5 years, p < 0.0001); high school (25.6%); and graduate (28.9%) education (p = 0.043), those with lower disease severity (FDA-1: 31.1%; FDA-2: 28.5%, FDA-3: 27.1%, FDA-4: 20.4%, p = 0.022); smokers (smokers: 32.5%; non-smokers: 25.5%, p = 0.020), and those with AV in the family (present: 29.8%; absent: 24.2%, p = 0.009). The patients most frequently used cleansers (85.2%) as cosmetic products, and most commonly underwent skincare treatment (71%) as an interventional procedure. They mostly learned about such products and methods from the Internet, and 33.3% of the participants had undergone procedures performed by non-physicians.

CONCLUSION: The patients generally choose skincare products as a result of their Internet search and sometimes have these procedures performed by non-physicians. Dermatologists should be aware of this situation and inform their patients about appropriate products and procedures.

PMID:34520610 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.14439

Brain Behav. 2021 Sep 14:e2350. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2350. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To analyze the application of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in ventilator weaning of infants.

METHODS: A total of 25 infants (15 boys and 10 girls) who were mechanically ventilated by PICU in Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected as the study subjects. After the improvement of the basic disease, regular spontaneous breathing, and the withdrawal of the ventilator, all the children obtained the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) signal. Then, each child was given CPAP and NAVA mode mechanical ventilation 1 h before the withdrawal of the ventilator. Each detection index was recorded 30 min after each mode of ventilation.

RESULTS: Two of the 25 children were tracheotomized because of respiratory muscle weakness and could not be converted to NAVA mode without the EAdi signal. Hemodynamic indexes were not statistically different between the two groups of CPAP and NAVA. PaCO₂ is not significantly different in the two modes, and both were at normal levels. The PIP in NAVA mode is lower than that in CPAP mode (p < .05), and its EAdi signal was correspondingly low. There were significant differences in the peak pressure (Ppeak), mean pressure (Pmean), and compliance and mean arterial pressure (p < .01) between the CPAP and NAVA model ventilation in 23 patients.

CONCLUSION: NAVA can significantly improve the coordination of patients. The therapeutic effect of NAVA was better, which was beneficial to the prognosis of patients and had positive application value in the withdrawal of ventilators in patients.

PMID:34520632 | DOI:10.1002/brb3.2350

Int J Cancer. 2021 Sep 14. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33803. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Several studies have investigated the association between net survival and social inequalities in people with cancer, highlighting a varying influence of deprivation depending on the type of cancer studied. However, few of these studies have accounted for the effect of social inequalities over the follow-up period, and/or according to the age of the patients. Thus, using recent and more relevant statistical models, we investigated the effect of social environment on net survival in women with breast or gynecological cancer in France. The data were derived from population-based cancer registries, and women diagnosed with breast or gynecological cancer between 2006 and 2009 were included. We used the European Deprivation Index (EDI), an aggregated index, to define the social environment of the women included. Multidimensional penalized splines were used to model excess mortality hazard. We observed a significant effect of the EDI on net survival in women with breast cancer throughout the follow-up period, and especially at 1.5 years of follow-up in women with cervical cancer. Regarding corpus uteri and ovarian cancer patients, the effect of deprivation on net survival was less pronounced. These results highlight the impact of social environment on net survival in women with breast or gynecological cancer in France thanks to a relevant statistical approach, and identify the follow-up periods during which the social environment may have a particular influence. These findings could help investigate targeted actions for each cancer type, particularly in the most deprived areas, at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34520579 | DOI:10.1002/ijc.33803

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021 Sep 14. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14450. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Ginseng is widely used in cosmetics and skin care. The progress of research on the effect of ginseng on the skin was explored through a summary and analysis of skin-related studies on ginseng conducted over in the past 20 years, and this exploration aimed to elucidate new research opportunities with regard to the development and application of ginseng treatments for the skin.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Keywords were used to retrieve human studies related to the use of ginseng to treat skin conditions from the Web of Science. Scientometric analyses were performed in R to analyze the studies on the human skin-related effects of ginseng conducted from 2000 to 2019.

RESULTS: The main active ingredient in ginseng is ginsenoside, and its effects on the skin are mostly anti-aging and whitening. Ginseng extract regulates the levels of matrix metalloproteinases in human fibroblast type I collagen to improve the elasticity and water content of skin. In addition, ginseng inhibits the transcription factors or signaling pathways involved in the formation of melanin, it exerts a whitening effect. The authors of the retrieved studies are mostly located in Asia, mainly South Korea and China. Wang Y, Kim JH, and Kim YJ are relatively influential scholars, these ginseng-related articles published in the Journal of Ginseng Research, Molecules and other journals are very important in this field.

CONCLUSION: This study shows the development of trends in research on ginseng as a raw cosmetic material used on the skin and thus enables researchers to rapidly understand the key information in the field of ginseng research, comprehend the research directions, and improve their research efficiency.

PMID:34520601 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.14450

Int J Cancer. 2021 Sep 14. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33808. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

A large proportion of heritability for prostate cancer risk remains unknown. Transcriptome-wide association study combined with validation comparing overall levels will help to identify candidate genes potentially playing a role in prostate cancer development. Using data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project, we built genetic models to predict normal prostate tissue gene expression using the statistical framework PrediXcan, a modified version of the unified test for molecular signatures, and Joint-Tissue Imputation. We applied these prediction models to the genetic data of 79,194 prostate cancer cases and 61,112 controls to investigate the associations of genetically determined gene expression with prostate cancer risk. Focusing on associated genes, we compared their expression in prostate tumor versus normal prostate tissue, compared methylation of CpG sites located at these loci in prostate tumor versus normal tissue, and assessed the correlations between the differentiated genes’ expression and the methylation of corresponding CpG sites, by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. We identified 573 genes showing an association with prostate cancer risk at a false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05, including 451 novel genes and 122 previously reported genes. Of the 573 genes, 152 showed differential expression in prostate tumor versus normal tissue samples. At loci of 57 genes, 151 CpG sites showed differential methylation in prostate tumor versus normal tissue samples. Of these, 20 CpG sites were correlated with expression of 11 corresponding genes. In this TWAS, we identified novel candidate susceptibility genes for prostate cancer risk, providing new insights into prostate cancer genetics and biology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34520569 | DOI:10.1002/ijc.33808

J Burn Care Res. 2021 Sep 14:irab163. doi: 10.1093/jbcr/irab163. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The goal of this study was to determine what effect obese body weight and a burn injury can have on the metabolism of glucose and lipids in rats. We used a 3*3 factorial model design to provide basic glucose and lipid metabolic data characterizing the interaction between different weight and burn injury groups. Two hundred Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were categorized into three weight groups (normal, overweight, obese) and then further divided into control, second degree, and third degree burn groups. Our model compared interactions between weight and burn injury factors according to the above groups. Blood glucose and lipid metabolism indicators were monitored on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after burn injury occurred, and burned skin and blood samples were collected for testing. Compared with the normal weight group, the overweight group’s fast blood glucose (FBG), fast insulin (FINS) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were higher (P<0.05), and FBG in the obese group was higher than the normal weight group (P<0.05).Burn injuries combined with obese body weight had an interactive effect on FBG, FINS and HOMA-IR after burn injury (P<0.05). Burn injury combined with obese body weight had an interaction on low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) on the 3rd day after burn injury (P<0.05). Burn injury combined with obese weight had no interaction on triglyceride (TRG), total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P>0.05).Rats in the overweight and obese weight groups were observed to develop an adaptation and tolerance to a higher metabolic rate after burn injuries occurred.

PMID:34520555 | DOI:10.1093/jbcr/irab163

Int J Cancer. 2021 Sep 14. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33802. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Elevated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA load is common in lymphomas. However, it remains unclear whether the disparity in viral load and its prognostic value in lymphomas are correlated with EBER status. In this retrospective multicenter study, we collected the data of pretreatment whole blood EBV DNA (pre-EBV DNA) and EBER status and evaluated their disparity and prognostic values in lymphomas. A total of 454 lymphoma patients from December 2014 to August 2020 were retrospectively retrieved. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Bonferroni’s adjustment were used to explore the disparity of EBV DNA and EBER status in lymphomas. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis and MaxStat analysis were used to determine optimal cut-off points of pre-EBV DNA load. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were established for the estimation of prognostic factors. The positive rate of EBV-DNA in NKTL patients was higher than that in DLBCL, FL, and HL patients, and the median positive pre-EBV copy number of NKTL was also higher than that of FL and DLBCL. EBV-DNA could clearly distinguish the prognosis of DLBCL, NKTL, HL and PTCL, and the integration of EBER status and EBV DNA could differentiate the prognosis of HL patients. Multivariable results revealed that pre-EBV DNA load had an effect on the prognosis of NKTL, FL and DLBCL. The status of pre-EBV DNA and EBER were disparate. Whole blood pre-EBV DNA predicted the prognosis of lymphomas, and the combination of EBV and EBER status could differentiate the prognosis of HL. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34520566 | DOI:10.1002/ijc.33802

Oper Dent. 2021 Sep 14. doi: 10.2341/20-031-C. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This randomized, prospective, and split-mouth study aimed to evaluate flowable bulk-fill resin composites in class II restorations and to compare with a conventional layering technique after a 3-year follow-up.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty-three subjects received three class II restorations according to the restorative systems: conventional microhybrid resin composite (PA, Peak Universal + Amelogen Plus, Ultradent), flowable bulk-fill and nanoparticulate resin composites (ABF, Adper Single Bond 2 + Filtek Bulk Fill Flow + Filtek Z350XT, 3M Oral Care), and flowable bulk-fill and microhybrid resin composites (XST, XP Bond + SDR + TPH3, Dentsply). The clinical performance and interproximal contacts were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using the equality test of two proportions, Logistic regression analysis, Friedman, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05).

RESULTS: Forty-seven patients were evaluated at 3 years. XST bulk-fill restorative system presented higher marginal discoloration than PA, and the opposite occurred for surface staining. All restorative systems resulted in decreased interproximal contacts, occurring early for XST.

CONCLUSIONS: Although the restorative system using incremental technique presented better performance for marginal discoloration, one of the restorative systems that used flowable bulk-fill resin composite (XST) showed the lowest surface staining. All restorative systems had decreased proximal contact over time.

PMID:34520538 | DOI:10.2341/20-031-C