Tag: pubmed

J Craniofac Surg. 2025 Jun 30. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000011597. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A successful surgery is guaranteed by the preoperative planning lineation. Existing line drawing materials often fade or vanish after sterilization. To avoid the disappearance and movement of the preoperative drawing line, the authors looked for an ideal marking material-tattoo stickers that could retain stability and precision following disinfection.

METHODS: Four groups-Methylene Blue, Tattoo Sticker, Black Whiteboard Pen, and Red Marker Pen-were created for a surgical line drawing model. The 4 materials were used to make straight lines on the skin. After drying, the Black Whiteboard Pen and Red Marker Pen lines were fixed with iodine tincture. Subsequently, the marked area was sterilized thrice with iodine tincture to observe the residual rate of the marked lines. ImageJ software was used to analyze residual rates among groups. The experiments were repeated 10 times for each group.

RESULTS: The residual rate was significantly higher in the Tattoo Sticker group than other groups. The differences between Methylene Blue and Tattoo Sticker groups, Black Whiteboard Pen and Tattoo Sticker groups, and Red Marker Pen and Tattoo Sticker groups were statistically significant (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Tattoo stickers are ideal surgical line-drawing materials with good resistance to dissolution and stability, remaining visible even after surgical disinfection.

PMID:40587765 | DOI:10.1097/SCS.0000000000011597

Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Jun 27;104(26):e42859. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042859.

ABSTRACT

Employing a bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach, this study endeavors to assess the potential causal relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and atherosclerosis (AS). Single nucleotide polymorphism loci, associated with ADHD at a significant threshold (P < 5 × 10-8), were meticulously screened from genome-wide association studies datasets to serve as instrumental variables. The primary outcomes under investigation encompass AS, coronary atherosclerosis, and cerebral atherosclerosis. Employing inverse variance weighted method (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median method, simple mode and weighted mode, MR analyses were executed to systematically evaluate the causal relationships between ADHD and AS, coronary atherosclerosis, and cerebral atherosclerosis. The MR analysis reveals a positive and statistically significant causal relationship between ADHD and AS (OR = 1.167, 95% CI = 1.003-1.359, P = .046). Notably, no discernible causal links were identified between ADHD and coronary atherosclerosis or cerebral atherosclerosis. Furthermore, there is a lack of evidence supporting an augmented risk of AS, coronary atherosclerosis, or cerebral atherosclerosis associated with ADHD. Through MR analysis, it was found that ADHD increases the risk of AS. However, no causal association has been identified in studies and reverse studies investigating the relationship between ADHD and both coronary atherosclerosis and cerebral atherosclerosis. Therefore, while ADHD may elevate the susceptibility to AS, further investigations are warranted to clarify the exact nature of this association.

PMID:40587750 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000042859

Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Jun 27;104(26):e43022. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000043022.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to assess neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) and other inflammatory and biochemical parameters as potential biomarkers for predicting gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE) in pregnant women. A total of 180 pregnant women were enrolled and divided into 3 groups: 58 with GH, 42 with PE, and 80 normotensive controls. Clinical, demographic, and laboratory data (inflammatory markers, lipid profiles, liver enzyme levels, and kidney function) were also collected. NHR and other biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell counts were compared across the groups. Statistical analyses, including univariate and multivariate regression, were conducted to identify significant predictors of GH and PE. The NHR was significantly higher in the GH (4.5 ± 1.1) and PE (5.2 ± 1.2) groups than in the normotensive controls (3.6 ± 1.1, P ˂ .001). Inflammatory markers, such as CRP, white blood cell count, and monocyte levels, were elevated in the GH and PE groups. In addition, the levels of glucose, creatinine, and liver enzymes were notably higher in the PE group. The NHR demonstrated a positive correlation with CRP levels. Regression analysis revealed that the NHR (P < .001), CRP (P = .002), and platelet count (P < .001) were independent predictors of GH and PE. The NHR may serve as an early inflammatory biomarker for predicting GH and PE. This finding suggests that NHR, along with other biomarkers, could be incorporated into clinical practice to improve the early identification and management of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results and evaluate their clinical utility.

PMID:40587749 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000043022

Ann Hum Genet. 2025 Jun 27:e12606. doi: 10.1111/ahg.12606. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We review three areas of human genetics that have been developed in the past few decades, in which statistical innovation has made a crucial contribution with recent important advances and the potential for further rapid progress. The first topic is the development of mathematical models for the genealogy underlying samples of genome-wide genetic data. Coalescent theory emerged in the 1980s, leaped ahead in the past decade and is now burgeoning into new application areas in population, evolutionary and medical genetics. The second is the development of statistical methods for genome-wide association studies which has made great strides over two decades, including exciting recent developments for association testing based on coalescent theory and improved methods for trait prediction. Finally, we review the statistical ideas that helped resolve the controversies surrounding the introduction of forensic DNA profiling in the early 1990s. Big advances in interpretation of the predominant autosomal DNA profiles have set a benchmark for other areas of forensic science, but the statistical assessment of uniparentally inherited profiles (derived from the mitochondrial DNA or the Y chromosome) remains unsatisfactory.

PMID:40579738 | DOI:10.1111/ahg.12606

BMC Nurs. 2025 Jun 27;24(1):670. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03416-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Insufficient knowledge among assistant nurses (ANs) in nursing homes (NHs) on medicines and drug-related problems (DRPs) in older people causes difficulties in acknowledging the side effects of medications, which can be harmful to the individual and endangers patient safety. The aim of this study was to explore the ANs’ thoughts on their professional role in preventing DRPs in NH residents, their self-perceived knowledge about medicines, DRPs and physiological conditions in older people, and their wishes concerning further medical education.

METHODS: This mixed methods study took place in Sweden, in 2022. First, a survey was conducted at nine NHs, with a total of 112 respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and groups were compared using t-tests. Thereafter, semi-structured interviews were performed at four NHs and included 20 participants. A qualitative content analysis was performed.

RESULTS: In the survey, a generally good self-perceived knowledge of medicines was reported. In the interviews, three main categories were identified: “Professional role of the AN”, “Perspectives on pharmacotherapy in older people” and “Approaches to knowledge”. Their professional role entailed different aspects, including the central assignment of observing the residents whilst having delimited responsibilities and knowledge. Regarding pharmacotherapy, the self-perceived knowledge was generally good, but more specific questions regarding DRPs proved a lack of widespread competence. An approach to obtain more knowledge was found in the possibility for ANs to attend ward rounds. A latent theme emerged in the professional role of the AN in preventing DRPs by being the nurse’s eyes and ears for patient safety.

CONCLUSIONS: The AN’s perceived their professional role in preventing DRPs in NHs as being the nurse’s eyes and ears for patient safety. Generally, the ANs’ self-perceived knowledge of medicines was good, although self-perceived knowledge regarding DRPs, and the physiology of older people, was sparser. A positive attitude towards attending ward rounds to contribute firsthand information on the residents, as well as the opportunity to receive knowledge, existed among the respondents. We propose a working model within the framework of doctor’s ward rounds at NHs to increase the knowledge of ANs and utilise their knowledge of patients’ well-being for safe medication follow-up.

PMID:40579728 | DOI:10.1186/s12912-025-03416-y

Neurol Res Pract. 2025 Jun 27;7(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s42466-025-00404-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Acute stroke care has evolved markedly in recent decades, yet long-term trends across stroke subtypes remain understudied. This study analyzed national trends in inpatient stroke care for ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in Germany from 2000 to 2021.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of nationwide hospital administrative data, assessing annual case counts, age-standardized rates, mean length of stay, and annual inpatient case days (AICD). Stroke unit (SU) treatments were analyzed from 2005 onward. Joinpoint regression identified changes in trends over time.

RESULTS: IS case rates, length of stay, and AICD declined significantly until 2005/2006, after which they stabilized at remarkably high levels. Paralleled by a rapid expansion of SU care, in-hospital mortality from IS decreased significantly. Coding of unspecified stroke (I64) declined steeply, suggesting shifts in diagnostic precision. In contrast, ICH and SAH showed falling case rates but increasing lengths of stay, particularly among deceased patients. SU treatments rose continuously from 2005 to 2021, with age-standardized rates increasing by 7.1% annually.

CONCLUSIONS: Over two decades, total inpatient burden from stroke has declined, primarily due to reductions in IS admissions and mortality. However, longer hospital stays in SAH and ICH and an overall rising SU care indicate shifting but consistently high resource requirements. Thus, continued efforts in optimizing healthcare infrastructure seem reasonable and should consider a subtype-specific resource allocation in acute stroke care.

PMID:40579722 | DOI:10.1186/s42466-025-00404-0

Eur Geriatr Med. 2025 Jun 27. doi: 10.1007/s41999-025-01251-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Frailty, a state of increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, impacts individuals and healthcare systems. The cumulative deficit model provides a flexible frailty measure but its application across diverse data remains underexplored. This study compares frailty indices derived from survey and routine data.

METHODS: Frailty indices in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum (N = 1,625,677) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) (N = 5190) were compared for adults aged 65 + in England. Deficits were categorised as “one-to-one”, “one-to-many”, and “one-to-none”. Age-sex-standardised deficit prevalence, frailty distribution and associations with demographics were analysed using summary statistics and regression.

RESULTS: Mean frailty index scores were similar (CPRD: 0.13 ± 0.10; ELSA: 0.13 ± 0.12) but differences were observed in the capture of specific deficits. The majority of deficits had a “one-to-none” or “one-to-many” mapping. Among 14 comparable deficits, visual impairment, fractures and heart failure were more common in CPRD, while falls, sleep disturbance and arthritis were more frequent in ELSA. Severe frailty and greater fitness were more prevalent in ELSA than CPRD. Sex and age influenced frailty similarly in both datasets, with frailty index scores increasing more rapidly with age in CPRD.

CONCLUSION: Differences in the number and types of deficits measured offset each other overall, supporting the cumulative deficit model’s premise that including a sufficient range of deficits does not significantly alter population-level frailty measures. This interchangeability may alleviate concerns about deficit selection, supporting more flexible approaches to population frailty assessment across both survey and routine data.

PMID:40579683 | DOI:10.1007/s41999-025-01251-7

Psychon Bull Rev. 2025 Jun 27. doi: 10.3758/s13423-025-02717-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Are left-handers more creative than right-handers? In both popular belief and scientific literature, left-handedness is linked with higher creativity. In a qualitative review supported by meta-analyses, here we evaluated whether left- or mixed-handers are more creative than right-handers, as measured by tests of divergent thinking, and evaluated whether left- or mixed-handers are overrepresented in creative professions. We argue that plausible mechanisms for a link between creativity and handedness can be found within influential theories of the neural basis of creativity. However, we found no evidence that left- or mixed-handers are more creative than right-handers; on the contrary, right-handers scored statistically higher on one standard test of divergent thinking (the Alternate Uses Test). Additionally, although left- and mixed-handers may be overrepresented in Art and Music, they are underrepresented in creative professions, in general. Both right and left-handers tend to believe that left-handers are more creative, but this belief is not supported by the available empirical evidence.

PMID:40579679 | DOI:10.3758/s13423-025-02717-2

Insights Imaging. 2025 Jun 27;16(1):137. doi: 10.1186/s13244-025-02023-4.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To compare the image acquisition time, total examination time, image quality, and technical reliability of three free-breathing MRCP techniques: BioMatrix-triggered (BM-MRCP), respiratory-gating triggered using respiratory bellows (RG-MRCP), and navigator-triggered (NT-MRCP).

METHODS: A prospective intra-individual comparison was performed in 47 patients undergoing 3.0-T MRCP for suspected pancreatic and biliary diseases. Two patients with technique adaptability limitations were included in the reliability analysis as “technical failures.” For primary analyses, data from 45 patients completing all three techniques were used. Image quality was evaluated by three blinded radiologists (experience: 5, 10, 16 years). Statistical analysis included Friedman tests with Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0167).

RESULTS: Median total examination times were significantly shorter for BM-MRCP (218 [48] seconds) compared to RG-MRCP (228 [56] seconds) and NT-MRCP (259 [53] seconds) (p < 0.05). BM-MRCP and RG-MRCP had comparable image acquisition times, both significantly faster than NT-MRCP (p < 0.05). BM-MRCP provided superior image quality for key anatomical structures (p < 0.05), higher SNR, and CNR compared to RG-MRCP and NT-MRCP (p < 0.05). Image contrast showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). Two patients experienced failures with RG-MRCP or NT-MRCP due to breathing issues, while BM-MRCP had no failures.

CONCLUSION: BM-MRCP significantly reduces examination times while achieving superior image quality and technical reliability. Its integration into clinical workflows enhances efficiency, reduces technician workload, and improves patient-centered imaging.

CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: BioMatrix-gating 3D-MRCP enhances imaging efficiency and diagnostic accuracy for the biliary and pancreatic duct systems. By reducing scan times and improving workflow, it supports patient comfort and compliance. Its simplicity and reliability also make it ideal for high-throughput clinical settings.

KEY POINTS: BioMatrix-triggered (BM)-MRCP shortens examination time, aiding patients with compliance or limitations. BM-MRCP offers superior image quality with reduced motion artifacts and higher clarity. BM respiratory sensors streamline workflows, boost reliability, and enhance patient comfort.

PMID:40579676 | DOI:10.1186/s13244-025-02023-4

Odontology. 2025 Jun 27. doi: 10.1007/s10266-025-01136-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of pH cycling models to induce enamel experimental subsurface lesions and to enhance enamel remineralization in vitro. Enamel blocks (n = 50) were obtained from the buccal surface of human permanent incisors and canines and assigned to five independent groups (n = 10/gp). In Group D1, enamel blocks were subjected to a demineralizing solution, and in Group D2 a demineralization pH cycling model was used to induce an experimental subsurface lesion. In Group R, enamel blocks with subsurface-induced lesions were treated with fluoride varnish and submitted to a remineralization pH cycling model. Enamel blocks were investigated with scanning electron microscope-energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Quantitative data were statistically analyzed (repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni, p < 0.05). EDX revealed significant differences with respect to atomic percentage (At%) of calcium, phosphate, fluorine (F), carbon, and oxygen between groups (p < 0.05; repeated measures ANOVA). Group R revealed the highest F (At%) on the enamel surface (0.71 ± 0.2) (p < 0.05). FTIR revealed variations in PO₄^3- and CO₃^2- characteristic bands between groups in correlation with enamel surface demineralization and remineralization. In this study, the demineralization pH cycling model (Group D2) investigated with SEM-EDX and FTIR simulated chemical and structural characteristics of enamel natural subsurface carious lesions. Surface demineralization was created in enamel when a demineralization solution was used for induction of a caries-like lesion (Group D1), without any subsurface created lesion. Remineralization pH cycling model tested in Group R revealed an effective enamel remineralization in SEM-EDX and FTIR.

PMID:40579674 | DOI:10.1007/s10266-025-01136-y