Tag: pubmed

Eur J Orthod. 2025 Jun 12;47(4):cjaf039. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjaf039.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Throughout a trial report, clear and accurate reporting is essential. The aim of this study was to assess the reporting quality of RCT abstracts presented at the European Orthodontic Society (EOS) Congress between 2015-2024. Associations between reporting quality and abstract characteristics were explored.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: All EOS Congress scientific abstracts published between 2015-2024 (2020 excluded) were included. Descriptive statistics and frequency distributions were calculated. Mean values for adequate reporting per CONSORT item and sum score were calculated. On an exploratory basis, univariable linear regression between summary score and abstract characteristics was undertaken.

RESULTS: 139 RCT congress abstracts were analysed. The most frequent years of RCT abstract presentation were 2018 (14.4%) and 2023 (19.4%). RCT abstracts were more likely to be poster types (62.6%), with corresponding authors based in Europe (77.7%), single centre (64.7%) and reporting a non-significant result for the primary outcome (54.0%). The mean overall total quality reporting score was 17.6 (SD 5.6, min 15 and max 22.8) out of a maximum score of 50. Items that tended not to be reported include authors contact details, participant (settings), randomization procedures and trial registration. Posters achieved lower scores compared to oral abstracts (-2.96; 95% CI -4.86, -1.07; P < 0.01). Additionally, an abstract word count greater than 251 words was associated with higher total score (3.28; 95% CI 0.74, 5.82; P = 0.012). A weak association (0.29, 95% CI: -0.03-0.62, p = 0.07) between year of abstract publication and an improvement in overall reporting score over time was evident.

LIMITATIONS: Only one society congress were assessed which may impact the generalisability of the results.

CONCLUSIONS: In relation to the CONSORT reporting Randomized Controlled Trials in Journal and Conference Abstracts checklist, RCT abstracts presented at EOS congress between 2015-2024 remain sub-optimal with reporting of key items lacking. However, reporting quality scores have shown an association with type of presentation (oral or poster), abstract word count and some evidence of improvement over time. Measures to encourage clear and consistent RCT abstract reporting are required.

PMID:40600238 | DOI:10.1093/ejo/cjaf039

Int J Nurs Stud Adv. 2025 Jun 1;9:100362. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100362. eCollection 2025 Dec.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Emergency departments (ED) are imperfect environments for information exchange. Communication interventions at discharge can lower readmission rates and improve adherence to follow-up. However, these interventions are rarely designed in partnership with ED clinicians, youth and their parents.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a theory-based co-design methodology and corresponding process evaluation to improve discharge communication for two common ED presentations: asthma and minor head injury.

METHODS: Eligible participants were clinicians who worked in a pediatric ED and parents and youth (aged 12-17) with recent ED experience for either presentation. Co-design teams followed a structured meeting process guided by the Behaviour Change Wheel to facilitate priority setting and intervention design. Process data was captured through meeting recordings, surveys and exit interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data through thematic analysis.

RESULTS: Each co-design team included eight members (n = 16) participating across eight co-design meetings (mean length: 82 min). The asthma team developed a symptom screening checklist, while the head injury team designed a concussion symptom management tool. Participants reported feeling confident in the co-design process, which increased with active engagement and seeing their decisions incorporated into intervention prototypes. Lengthy meetings and overall time commitment were issues identified by some participants across surveys and interviews.

CONCLUSIONS: A theory-based co-design approach provided a useful structure to partner with youth, parents and ED clinicians to develop discharge communication tools. Consideration is needed when scheduling the timing and length of the co-design meetings to account for the schedules of both service providers and users.

PMID:40600235 | PMC:PMC12209945 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100362

Cancer Diagn Progn. 2025 Jun 30;5(4):515-529. doi: 10.21873/cdp.10466. eCollection 2025 Jul-Aug.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIM: This study evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of IRE1 and PERK in breast cancer and explored their associations with clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cohort of 72 breast cancer specimens and 16 controls was analyzed for IRE1 and PERK expression using immunohistochemistry. Associations with clinicopathological variables, hormone receptor status, tumor markers and survival outcomes were assessed using statistical analyses, including Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard models.

RESULTS: IRE1 and PERK expression levels were significantly elevated in breast cancer tissues compared to controls (p<0.001). Strong positive correlation was observed between IRE1 and PERK expression (Spearman’s ρ=0.55, p<0.001). High PERK expression was associated with older age (p=0.038) and tumor grade 3 (p=0.042), while high IRE1 expression correlated with advanced TNM stage (p<0.001), estrogen receptor (p=0.031), progesterone receptor (p=0.028), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity (p=0.028), as well as increased Ki-67 index (p=0.003), suggesting a more aggressive tumor phenotype. IRE1 expression was significantly associated with sentinel lymph node positivity (p=0.001) but inversely related to axillary lymph node involvement (p=0.031). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that high IRE1 expression [immunoreactivity score (IRS) 5-12] was linked to an increased mortality risk [hazard ratio (HR)=12.19, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.99-150.35, p=0.05], and high PERK expression (IRS 4-12) was similarly associated with worse survival (HR=12.10, 95%CI=1.16-126.30, p=0.04). Tumor stage was the strongest predictor of mortality (HR=79.89, p<0.01).

CONCLUSION: High IRE1 and PERK expression levels are associated with aggressive tumor characteristics and reduced survival in breast cancer, underscoring the importance of the unfolded protein response in carcinogenesis and disease progression.

PMID:40600231 | PMC:PMC12208207 | DOI:10.21873/cdp.10466

Cancer Diagn Progn. 2025 Jun 30;5(4):429-436. doi: 10.21873/cdp.10456. eCollection 2025 Jul-Aug.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIM: Gastric cancer exhibits significant molecular differences across racial and ethnic groups, influencing prognosis and treatment response. This study aimed to compare the molecular characteristics of gastric cancer between Asian and White populations using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: TCGA data for gastric cancer patients were analyzed to identify differences in genetic mutations, copy number variations, and transcriptomic profiles between Asian and White populations. Bioinformatics tools and statistical analyses were used to assess molecular alterations and pathway enrichment.

RESULTS: Distinct molecular patterns were observed between the two populations. Asian patients exhibited a higher prevalence of mutations in genes such as TP53 and ARID1A, while White patients showed increased alterations in KRAS and PIK3CA. Differences in immune-related gene expression and tumor microenvironment signatures were also noted, suggesting potential implications for targeted therapies and immunotherapy response.

CONCLUSION: Significant molecular differences exist in gastric cancer between Asian and White populations, showing the need for population-specific treatment strategies. These findings may inform personalized therapeutic approaches and contribute to the advancement of precision oncology.

PMID:40600230 | PMC:PMC12208205 | DOI:10.21873/cdp.10456

IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2025 Jun 5;19:117-123. doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.06.003. eCollection 2025 Dec.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has caused widespread infection across global populations, characterized by its high transmissibility. Despite extensive research on the acute effects of COVID-19, the long-term psychological and neurological sequela remain inadequately explored. This study aimed to investigate cognitive function after COVID-19 infection compared to a control group of non-infected subjects.

METHODS: This case-control study included 40 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19, referred to Imam Reza Referral and Educational Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, and 40 matched controls who had not experienced COVID-19 symptoms. All participants underwent an initial screening by a psychiatric assistant to exclude significant medical and psychiatric conditions and any history of drug use. A demographic checklist was administered, followed by cognitive assessments using the Stroop Test, Digit Span Test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Data were analysed using SPSS Version 20.

RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding age, sex, education level, marital status, or employment status (p > 0.05). However, COVID-19-infected individuals exhibited significantly longer completion times for the congruent Stroop test and increased reaction times compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). Additionally, the duration for completing the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was significantly longer in the infected group compared to the non-infected group (p < 0.001). Although the longest digit span and scores on the Digit Span Test were lower in the infected group, these differences did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Furthermore, reaction times in the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) for the first, second, and third sets of 50 stimuli were significantly greater in the COVID-19 group (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: This study underscores that cognitive performance post-COVID-19 is adversely affected, particularly in terms of processing speed and sustained attention, when compared to healthy individuals. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to explore potential interventions for cognitive rehabilitation in this population.

PMID:40600171 | PMC:PMC12209884 | DOI:10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.06.003

Front Public Health. 2025 Jun 17;13:1555141. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1555141. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Burnout is a prevalent issue among healthcare professionals, particularly anesthesiologists, with significant repercussions for patient safety, personal well-being, and institutional efficiency. The post-COVID-19 era has introduced additional psychological and socioemotional stressors, which individuals perceive differently. This study aims to assess burnout levels among anesthesiologists in this era, explore its relationship with psychological status and job satisfaction, and propose potential intervention strategies.

METHODS: Four hundred electronic questionnaires were distributed to anesthesiologists licensed in 2024 with over 1 year of clinical experience. Three hundred twenty-six responses were collected, yielding an 81.5% response rate. The survey instruments included the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale – 21 Items (DASS-21), and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (MSQ-SF). Descriptive statistics and adjusted linear regression were employed to analyze the data and examine the relationships between burnout, psychological status, and job satisfaction.

RESULTS: The study revealed a high prevalence of burnout, with 30.67% of participants at high risk and 24.85% exhibiting burnout syndrome, resulting in an overall burnout rate of 55.52%. Demographic factors were significantly associated with burnout (p < 0.05). Anesthesiologists aged 30-34 reported higher levels of anxiety and depression, while those aged over 35 showed lower levels of depersonalization and higher personal accomplishment (p < 0.001). Job satisfaction was inversely correlated with burnout (p < 0.001). Psychological status was positively correlated with burnout (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis explained 55.00% of the variance in burnout, with anxiety, stress, and intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction as significant predictors (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Burnout is widespread among anesthesiologists in the post-COVID-19 era, with burnout levels strongly associated with mental health and job satisfaction. Increased negative emotions and reduced job satisfaction contribute to higher burnout. Addressing the well-being of anesthesiologists, fostering a supportive work environment, and improving compensation mechanisms could alleviate burnout and enhance the quality of medical practice.

PMID:40600159 | PMC:PMC12209194 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1555141

Front Public Health. 2025 Jun 17;13:1618292. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1618292. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors (KAP) regarding avian influenza among poultry farmers living near migratory bird habitats in Guidong County, China, and to identify determinants of these practices using structural equation modeling.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in July 2021 among 221 poultry farmers from three towns adjacent to migratory bird habitats. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on KAP related to avian influenza. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze KAP levels. A structural equation model was developed with AMOS 24.0 to examine the relationships among knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.

RESULTS: The overall mean KAP score was 32.97 ± 7.95 (51.5%) of maximum possible score, indicating suboptimal levels. In the fitted model, knowledge exerted both a direct effect on preventive behaviors (standardized path coefficient = 0.183) and an indirect effect mediated through attitudes (0.056). Attitude additionally influenced behavior directly (0.181). Goodness-of-fit indices confirmed robust model fit.

CONCLUSION: Study findings indicate that poultry farmers living near migratory bird habitats in Guidong County demonstrate insufficient avian influenza-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Targeted health education that enhances accurate knowledge and fosters positive attitudes is critical to strengthening preventive behaviors and mitigating transmission risk.

PMID:40600158 | PMC:PMC12209370 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1618292

Front Public Health. 2025 Jun 17;13:1599274. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1599274. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In recent years, Shaoxing City, located in central Zhejiang Province, has experienced a slow decline in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Therefore, there is an urgent need to elucidate the potential causes for this decline through spatiotemporal analyses to provide a scientific basis for targeted prevention and control. We aimed to explore the spatiotemporal distribution of PTB notification rates in Shaoxing City from 2016 to 2024 and identify high-incidence clusters, thereby offering data-driven insights to optimize regional PTB control strategies.

METHODS: Statistical analyses were conducted using R and Excel on all reported active PTB cases in Shaoxing City. Spatiotemporal analysis of case distribution and regional clustering was conducted using ArcGIS and SatScan.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In total, 17,298 active PTB cases were registered between 2016 and 2024, including 9,749 laboratory-confirmed and 7,549 clinically diagnosed cases. The male-to-female ratio was 2.34:1. Farmers represented 68.2% of all cases. The PTB notification incidence showed a gradual decline. Spatial autocorrelation results revealed 52 sub-districts with high-high clusters over the nine-year period, primarily in Shengzhou and Xinchang counties. Spatiotemporal scan analysis identified one primary cluster area (RR = 1.62, LLR = 170.87, p < 0.001) and two secondary clusters between 2016 and 2024. The incidence of PTB in Shaoxing City showed a downward trend, though the decline was relatively slow. The southeastern region should be prioritized in efforts to accelerate the End TB Strategy. Overall, comprehensive and intensive interventions, such as large-scale chest X-ray screening and health education programs, should be enhanced to effectively curb PTB transmission, especially among males and farmers.

PMID:40600152 | PMC:PMC12209324 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1599274

Video J Sports Med. 2025 Jun 26;5(3):26350254241303767. doi: 10.1177/26350254241303767. eCollection 2025 May-Jun.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Damage to the joint surface, which affects articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone, is a common cause for significant knee pain and disfunction. The use of CartiHeal Agili-C, a cell-free aragonite-based implant, is an emerging option for patients who may otherwise be a poor candidate for allograft transplantation or within geographic areas where there is a limited availability of donor tissue.

INDICATIONS: The CartiHeal Agili-C implant is indicated for patients with an International Cartilage Repair Society grade III or IV lesion with a total treatable area of 1 to 7 cm² and without severe osteoarthritis.

TECHNIQUE DESCRIPTION: Standard parapatellar arthrotomy is performed to reveal an osteochondral defect of the femoral condyle. The cell-free aragonite-based scaffold is then transplanted in 7 steps according to numbered instrumentation in the Agili-C toolset. Surgical pearls of placement include proper alignment of the perpendicular aligner tool with circumferential viewing, assistant confirmation, and arthroscopic verification; avoiding wobbling during the shaping phase of the procedure as this may cause an oblong socket with inadequate fixation; and handling the implant with care and only using a thumb or index finger to insert with light tapping.

RESULTS: A multicenter randomized control trial followed 251 patients and found 88.5% of the implant group had at least 75% lesion fill as seen on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging at a 2-year follow-up. Additionally, patient-reported outcome measures were statistically superior when compared to controls at 24 months.

CONCLUSION: Transplantation of a cell-free aragonite-based scaffold (Aglili-C; CartiHeal Ltd), augmented with bone marrow aspirate concentrate, provides an efficient, reproducible surgical strategy in the management of osteochondral defects of the femoral condyles.

PATIENT CONSENT DISCLOSURE STATEMENT: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.

PMID:40600149 | PMC:PMC12210379 | DOI:10.1177/26350254241303767

Front Microbiol. 2025 Jun 17;16:1529512. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1529512. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

In aquatic ecosystems, bacteria often reside on the surface or in the gut of zooplankton to play an indispensable role. Salinity is a key factor influencing the structure and functional composition of aquatic bacterial communities; however, its impact on zooplankton-associated bacteria (ZA) remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a study using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the ZA of the cladoceran Moina mongolica from lakes in the Inner Mongolian Plateau with different salinity groups (Low salinity: 2‰-3‰, High salinity: 17‰). By annotating the sequencing data, we identified the community structure of ZA, and we used the FAPROTAX database to infer their functional potential. Statistical analyses revealed that salinity is a significant environmental factor shaping the community structure and inferred functional composition of ZA. Higher salinity reduced the diversity and abundance of ZA, which, in turn, affected the biochemical functions contributed by these bacteria. Our results suggest that under salinity stress, the community structure and inferred functional composition of zooplankton-associated bacteria are affected, which may influence the ecological role of zooplankton in saline lakes. This study provides new insights into the ecological functions of zooplankton in saline lakes under the context of climate change and human activity.

PMID:40600139 | PMC:PMC12209351 | DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1529512