Tag: pubmed

Infect Dis Ther. 2024 Apr 25. doi: 10.1007/s40121-024-00960-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious public health challenges worldwide, including in Japan. However, there is limited evidence assessing the AMR burden in Japan. Thus, this systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analysis (MA) were conducted to assess the clinical and economic burden of AMR in Japan.

METHODS: Comprehensive literature searches were performed on EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and ICHUSHI between 2012 and 2022 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. MA estimated a pooled effect between the two comparative arms (AMR vs. non-AMR). The results were reported in measures of odds ratios (ORs) for in-hospital mortality and in standardized mean differences (SMDs) for length of stay (LOS) and direct medical costs.

RESULTS: Literature searches identified 1256 de-duplicated records, of which 56 observational studies (English, n = 35; Japanese, n = 21) were included. Of note, twenty-two studies (39.3%) compared the AMR group with non-AMR group. In the SLR, in-hospital mortality, LOS, and direct medical costs were higher in the AMR group compared to the non-AMR group. Eight studies were selected for the MA. In the AMR group, the pooled estimate showed a statistically higher in-hospital mortality [random effect (RE)-OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.34-3.79; I² = 89%; τ² = 0.2257, p < 0.01], LOS (RE-SMD 0.37, 95% CI – 0.09-0.84; I² = 99%; τ² = 0.3600, p < 0.01), and direct medical cost (RE-SMD 0.53, 95% CI 0.43-0.62; I² = 0.0%; τ² = 0.0, p = 0.88) versus the non-AMR group.

CONCLUSION: Our study presents an overview of the clinical and economic burden of AMR in Japan. Patients with AMR infections experience significantly higher in-hospital mortality, LOS, and direct medical costs compared with patients without AMR infections.

PMID:38662332 | DOI:10.1007/s40121-024-00960-z

Pain Ther. 2024 Apr 25. doi: 10.1007/s40122-024-00596-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Ganglionic local opioid analgesia (GLOA) at the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) is performed for pain control and is known to be an effective procedure. In this study, we evaluated the spread of the injectate in the area of the SCG. Our expectation was that there would be a correlation between the area and volume of the injectate spread and post-procedural outcome measures.

METHODS: This was a retrospective blinded review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Assessors evaluated the anatomical area of fluid spread, the furthermost spread from midline, any hampered spread and contact of contrast fluid with other structures. The efficacy of GLOA and complications were estimated.

RESULTS: The main solution spread reached from the C1 to C3 vertebrae. The furthest spread in the lateral and sagittal planes was 21.2 and 15.2 mm, respectively. The furthest craniocaudal spread was 63.5 mm. In 53.3% and 33% of interventions, the solution was found in the parapharyngeal space and in its “medial compartment,” respectively. A correlation was found between pain relief and both solution spread and volume of solution spread. No hampered spread was recorded. A negative correlation between pain reduction and number of GLOA was observed. Higher pre-procedural pain intensity was correlated with higher pain reduction. We estimated pain relief in 93% of procedures correctly. No correlation between post-procedural Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores and different needle approaches was found.

CONCLUSION: For the transoral blocking technique, a strict laterodorsal needle direction is recommended to prevent possible block failures. A total volume of 2 ml injected into the parapharyngeal space and its “medial compartment” is recommended. Higher volumes may lead to uncontrolled distribution patterns.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT05257655; date of registration 2022-02-25; patient enrollment date from 2023-01-09 to 2023-08-31.

PMID:38662320 | DOI:10.1007/s40122-024-00596-4

Vet Res Commun. 2024 Apr 25. doi: 10.1007/s11259-024-10386-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Differences between serum C-reactive protein (SCRP) and synovial fluid C-reactive protein (SFCRP) concentrations in healthy animals may be influenced by the sex of the individual and associated with various factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the disparities in SCRP and SFCRP concentrations between females and males, as well as within each sex. Sixty healthy dogs (N = 60), comprising both sexes, were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood and knee synovial fluid samples were collected for SCRP and SFCRP analysis, respectively. Serum C-reactive protein (SCRP) and SFCRP concentrations were measured, with mean of 9.61 ± 4.96 mg/L for SCRP and 1.28 ± 3.05 mg/L for SFCRP. Notably, SFCRP concentrations were consistently lower than SCRP concentrations in both sexes. Statistically significant differences were observed between sexes for both SCRP (P = 0.021) and SFCRP (P = 0.007). Further analysis within females revealed statistically significant differences between SCRP and SFCRP concentrations (P = 0.002), whereas in males, such differences were not significant (P = 0.175). Additionally, weak correlations were found between SCRP and SFCRP concentrations for both sexes (females r = 0.07; males r = 0.29). Joint capsule thickness was assessed using ultrasonography, revealing thicker joint capsules in males. A robust positive association was noted between joint capsule thickness and the SFCRP concentration in both sexes. These findings offer valuable insights into the dynamics of CRP in the context of joint health in male and female patients, elucidating the underlying pathological mechanisms of joint disease and inflammation. Overall, this underscores the importance of considering sex-specific factors in the assessment and management of joint health, as well as in the design and interpretation of studies involving SFCRP concentrations.

PMID:38662317 | DOI:10.1007/s11259-024-10386-0

J Clin Monit Comput. 2024 Apr 25. doi: 10.1007/s10877-024-01163-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: New-generation anesthesia machines administer inhalation anesthetics and automatically control the fresh gas flow (FGF) rate. This study compared the administration of minimal flow anesthesia (MFA) using the automatically controlled anesthesia (ACA) module of the Mindray A9 (Shenzhen, China) anesthesia machine versus manual control by an anesthesiologist.

METHODS: We randomly divided 76 patients undergoing gynecological surgery into an ACA group (Group ACA) and a manually controlled anesthesia group (Group MCA). In Group MCA, induction was performed with a mixture of 40-60% O₂ and air with a 4 L/min FGF until the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) reached 1. Next, MFA was initiated with 0.5 L/min FGF. The target fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) value was 35-40%. In Group ACA, the MAC was defined as 1, and the FiO₂ was adjusted to 35%. Depth of anesthesia, anesthetic agent (AA) consumption, time to achieve target end-tidal AA concentration, awakening times, and number of ventilator adjustments were analyzed.

RESULTS: The two groups showed no statistically significant differences in depth of anesthesia or AA consumption (Group ACA: 19.1 ± 4.9 ml; Group MCA: 17.2 ± 4.5; p-value = 0.076). The ACA mode achieved the MAC target of 1 significantly faster (Group ACA: 218 ± 51 s; Group MCA: 314 ± 169 s). The number of vaporizer adjustments was 15 in the ACA group and 217 in the MCA group.

CONCLUSION: The ACA mode was more advantageous than the MCA mode, reaching target AA concentrations faster and requiring fewer adjustments to achieve a constant depth of anesthesia.

PMID:38662297 | DOI:10.1007/s10877-024-01163-0

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Apr 25. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-33305-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Forest fires are sudden, destructive, hazardous, and challenging to manage and rescue, earning them a place on UNESCO’s list of the world’s eight major natural disasters. Currently, amid global warming, all countries worldwide have entered a period of high forest fire incidence. Due to global warming, the frequency of forest fires has accelerated, the likelihood of large fires has increased, and the spatial and temporal dynamics of forest fires have shown different trends. Therefore, the impact of climate change on the spatiotemporal dynamics of forest fires has become a hot issue in the field of forest fire research in recent years. Therefore, it is of great significance and necessity to conduct a review of the research in this area. This review delves into the interactions and impacts between climate change and the spatiotemporal dynamics of forest fires. To address this issue, scholars have mainly adopted the following research methods: first, statistical analysis methods, second, the establishment of spatiotemporal prediction models for meteorology and forest fires, and third, the coupling of climate models with forest fire risk forecasting models. The statistical analysis method relies on the analysis of historical meteorological and fire-related data to study the effects of climate change and meteorological factors on fire occurrence. Meanwhile, forest fire prediction models utilize technical tools such as remote sensing. These models synthesize historical meteorological and fire-related data, incorporating key meteorological factors such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and wind. The models revealed the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of fires, identified key drivers, and explored the interactions between climate change and forest fire dynamics, culminating in the construction of predictive models. With the deepening of the study, the coupling of climate models and fire risk ranking systems became a trend in the prediction of forest fire risk trends. Moreover, as the climate warms, the increased frequency of extreme weather events like heatwaves, droughts, snow and ice storms, and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has accelerated forest fire occurrences and raised the risk of major fires. This review offers valuable technical insights by comprehensively analyzing the spatial and temporal characteristics of forest fires, elucidating key meteorological drivers, and exploring potential mechanisms. These insights serve as a scientific foundation for preventive measures and effective forest fire management. In the face of a changing climate, this synthesis contributes to the development of informed strategies to mitigate the escalating threat of forest fires.

PMID:38662294 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-024-33305-x

Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Apr 25;196(5):473. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-12631-0.

ABSTRACT

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) serves as a crucial indicator for assessing regional air quality. To address regional and urban pollution issues, there is a requirement for high-resolution AOD products, as the existing data is of very coarse resolution. To address this issue, we retrieved high-resolution AOD over Kanpur (26.4499°N, 80.3319°E), located in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) region using Landsat 8 imageries and implemented the algorithm SEMARA, which combines SARA (Simplified Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm) and SREM (Simplified and Robust Surface Reflectance Estimation). Our approach leveraged the green band of the Landsat 8, resulting in an impressive spatial resolution of 30 m of AOD and rigorously validated with available AERONET observations. The retrieved AOD is in good agreement with high correlation coefficients (r) of 0.997, a low root mean squared error of 0.035, and root mean bias of – 4.91%. We evaluated the retrieved AOD with downscaled MODIS (MCD19A2) AOD products across various land classes for cropped and harvested period of agriculture cycle over the study region. It is noticed that over the built-up region of Kanpur, the SEMARA algorithm exhibits a stronger correlation with the MODIS AOD product compared to vegetation, barren areas and water bodies. The SEMARA approach proved to be more effective for AOD retrieval over the barren and built-up land categories for harvested period compared with the cropping period. This study offers a first comparative examination of SEMARA-retrieved high-resolution AOD and MODIS AOD product over a station of IGP.

PMID:38662282 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-024-12631-0

AIDS Behav. 2024 Apr 25. doi: 10.1007/s10461-024-04342-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exacerbated barriers to care for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH). The quick uptake of telemedicine in the outpatient setting provided promise for care continuity. In this study, we compared appointment and laboratory no-show rates in an urban outpatient HIV clinic during three time periods: (1) Pre-COVID-19: 9/15/2019-3/14/2020 (predominately in-person), (2) “Early” COVID-19: 3/15/2020-9/14/2020 (predominately telemedicine), and (3) “Later” COVID-19: 9/15/2020-3/14/2021 (mixed in-person/telemedicine). Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated the two study hypotheses: (i) equivalence of Period 2 with Period 1 and of Period 3 with Period 1 and (ii) improved outcomes with telemedicine over in-person visits. No-show rates were 1% in Period 1, 4% in Period 2, and 18% in Period 3. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, individuals had a higher rate of appointment no-shows during Period 2 [OR (90% CI): 7.67 (2.68, 21.93)] and 3 [OR (90% CI): 30.91 (12.83 to 75.06). During the total study period, those with telemedicine appointments were less likely to no-show than those with in-person appointments [OR (95% CI): 0.36 (0.16-0.80), p = 0.012]. There was no statistical difference between telemedicine and in-person appointments for laboratory completion rates. Our study failed to prove that no-show rates before and during the pandemic were similar; in fact, no-show rates were higher during both the early and later pandemic. Overall, telemedicine was associated with lower no-show rates compared to in-person appointments. In future pandemics, telemedicine may be a valuable component to maintain care in PLWH.

PMID:38662279 | DOI:10.1007/s10461-024-04342-x

Arch Dermatol Res. 2024 Apr 25;316(5):128. doi: 10.1007/s00403-024-02867-8.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:38662244 | DOI:10.1007/s00403-024-02867-8

Cogn Sci. 2024 Apr;48(4):e13447. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13447.

ABSTRACT

One of the most prominent social influences on human decision making is conformity, which is even more prominent when the perceptual information is ambiguous. The Bayes optimal solution to this problem entails weighting the relative reliability of cognitive information and perceptual signals in constructing the percept from self-sourced/endogenous and social sources, respectively. The current study investigated whether humans integrate the statistics (i.e., mean and variance) of endogenous perceptual and social information in a Bayes optimal way while estimating numerosities. Our results demonstrated adjustment of initial estimations toward group means only when group estimations were more reliable (or “certain”), compared to participants’ endogenous metric uncertainty. Our results support Bayes optimal social conformity while also pointing to an implicit form of metacognition.

PMID:38659095 | DOI:10.1111/cogs.13447

J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2024 Apr 24. doi: 10.1002/jhbp.1433. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic papillectomy (EP) is less invasive than surgery but procedure-related adverse events (AEs) still frequently occur. This study compared the benefits of EP using a new optimal endoCUT setting on the VIO (Erbe) electrosurgical unit (VIO-EP) with those using the conventional electrosurgical unit setting (ICC-EP, Erbe).

METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective, comparative cohort study included 57 patients who underwent VIO-EP and 91 who underwent ICC-EP. The primary outcome was occurrence of EP-related AEs. Secondary outcomes were pathological findings (the resection margins, the R0 resection, and residual lesions).

RESULTS: Pancreatitis tended to be less common in the VIO-EP group (5.3% vs. 9.9%, p = .248). Evaluation of computed tomography images showed that pancreatitis was confined to the pancreatic head in 77.8% of cases in the ICC-EP group and in 33.3% of those in the VIO-EP group. After exclusion of cases of delayed bleeding, pancreatitis tended to be less common in the VIO-EP group; this finding was not statistically significant (2.3% vs. 8.2%, p = .184). In pathological findings, residual lesions were significantly less common in the VIO-EP group.

CONCLUSIONS: The risks of pancreatitis and residual lesions after EP may be lower when the VIO electrosurgical unit is used with the optimal setting.

PMID:38659092 | DOI:10.1002/jhbp.1433