Tag: pubmed

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2025 Aug 16:27213. doi: 10.4317/medoral.27213. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: After lower third molar surgery, suppurative infections can occur. They can spread into adjacent tissues, toward superficial mucosal or skin planes or toward deep facial and neck fascial spaces.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 2020 PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. A literature search was conducted, without initial time limit, in the Medline database, via Pubmed (MEDLINE), and SCOPUS. For the analysis of statistical significance, the hypothesis test on the difference between means with unknown variances was used.

RESULTS: Eleven articles met the inclusion criteria. The total number of extractions taken from the articles included in the review is 7363, with a 5.35% total incidence of purulent infections. The incidence of purulent infections was found significantly higher in cases in which antibiotic prophylaxis was not performed.

CONCLUSIONS: Although lower third molar extraction is the most frequently performed oral surgical procedure, little has been written about post-operative purulent infections, in relation to risk factors, involved spaces, and performed therapies, so to be able to identify preventive and therapeutic behaviors based on scientific evidence. Antibiotic prophylaxis is the only variable which resulted in determining a significative statistical reduction in the incidence of purulent infection after lower third molar surgery.

PMID:40818128 | DOI:10.4317/medoral.27213

Diabet Med. 2025 Aug 16:e70126. doi: 10.1111/dme.70126. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: People with severe mental illness (SMI) are 2-3 times more likely to have diabetes than the general population. Little is known about the impact of living with diabetes for people with SMI. This study investigates psychosocial problems and diabetes self management for people with SMI and diabetes.

METHODS: We compared cross sectional survey data collected from 258 adults with diabetes and SMI in England with 500 adults with diabetes from the UK sample of the second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs study (DAWN2). Effect size (ES) tests were used to quantify differences between the two samples adjusted for diabetes type, age, gender, treatment, treatment duration, diabetes complications and co-morbidities to achieve comparability of the two samples.

RESULTS: Compared to the DAWN2-UK sample, people with diabetes and SMI reported poorer quality of life (WHOQOL ES -0.3 (CI -0.5, -0.1), p < 0.001), mental well-being (ES -13.4 (CI -17.3, -9.5), p < 0.001) and increased diabetes distress (PAID5 ES 1.6 (CI 0.9,2.3), p < 0.001). While people with diabetes and SMI reported a negative impact from diabetes, their SMI had a greater impact on their lives than diabetes (mental illness impact profile 2.6 ± 1.1 vs. diabetes impact profile 3.4 ± 1.0, p < 0.001). People with SMI reported being less engaged in self management than the DAWN2-UK population (SDSCA-6; ES -0.4 (CI -0.7, -0.1), p = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: The psychosocial impact of diabetes is greater for people with SMI. To reduce inequalities in diabetes outcomes, people with SMI and diabetes require tailored support for diabetes management that considers the additional challenges associated with living with a severe mental illness.

PMID:40818112 | DOI:10.1111/dme.70126

J Diet Suppl. 2025 Aug 16:1-22. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2025.2547167. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

women’s league. A randomized, double‑blind and placebo‑controlled crossover trial was conducted in 15 professional futsal female athletes. They received one daily capsule of DSM or placebo (750 mg) for 3 days as a preventive regimen, and an intense dynamic exercise protocol (concentric/eccentric actions) was applied to the lower limbs. Evaluations on the effects of DSM on athletic performance and DOMS‑related muscle soreness, blood oxidative stress, recovery of strength capacity, and postural balance were performed during a 48 h‑period. Although DSM had no greater effect than placebo on athletic performance, it presented trivial‑to‑moderate effects in other parameters without statistical significance, with the best effects including containing oxidative damage (through reduction in lipid peroxidation) (p = 0.3857, EF = 0.72) and muscle soreness upon climbing stairs (p = 0.7136, EF = 0.50) at the 48^th hour, and in preventing the reduction of muscle strength (p = 0.6784, EF = 0.61) and improving unipedal postural balance in contralateral leg (p = 0.7446, EF = 0.69) at the 24th hour. Althought not significant in the ANOVA, the flavonoid DSM seems effective for futsal athletes as a dietary supplement for some variables evaluated. These include preventing muscle soreness, oxidative stress, impairment of muscle strength, and postural balance postexercise, which is desirable to promote better results in sporting terms. Clinical trial registry number: NCT06125002.

PMID:40818103 | DOI:10.1080/19390211.2025.2547167

Hepatol Res. 2025 Aug 16. doi: 10.1111/hepr.70019. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Complete abstinence is the cornerstone of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) management. However, many patients struggle to achieve or sustain abstinence, prompting growing interest in harm reduction strategies, particularly pharmacological interventions to reduce alcohol intake. Nalmefene, an opioid receptor modulator, has shown efficacy in reducing alcohol consumption among individuals with alcohol dependence. However, its effects on hepatic parameters in ALD have not been well studied in real-world settings.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nalmefene in patients with ALD, focusing on changes in alcohol consumption, liver function, and hepatic reserve capacity.

METHODS: The present retrospective observational study included 21 patients with ALD who received nalmefene therapy at our institution between September 2019 and December 2023. Data on alcohol intake, liver function tests, hepatic reserve capacity, and alcohol use disorders identification test scores were collected at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Adverse events were also recorded.

RESULTS: Within 1 month of initiating nalmefene, significant reductions in heavy drinking days and total alcohol consumption were observed. These reductions were accompanied by improvements in liver function parameters. However, no statistically significant changes in hepatic reserve capacity were noted. Most adverse events were mild to moderate (Grade 1 or 2), and no serious adverse events occurred.

CONCLUSION: Nalmefene appears to be a safe and effective pharmacological option for reducing alcohol intake and improving liver function in patients with ALD. These findings support its use as part of a harm reduction approach for those unable to achieve complete abstinence.

PMID:40818098 | DOI:10.1111/hepr.70019

Prostate. 2025 Aug 16. doi: 10.1002/pros.70034. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Effective management of post-prostate cancer is hindered by the limitations of current prognostic tools in accurately assessing disease aggressiveness. Radical prostatectomy remains a standard treatment, but some patients develop biochemical recurrence and metastasis, underscoring the need for improved postsurgical prognostic tools.

METHODS: This investigation involved sequencing data derived from 38 matched prostate cancer patients who had undergone RP. Initial statistical analysis helped identify the most significant miRNAs, which were further subjected to unsupervised clustering and stepwise selection. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model was then trained and tested using a miRNA combination method to pinpoint biomarkers predictive of metastasis.

RESULTS: Out of 1123 miRNAs initially identified, 519 were selected as high-confidence candidates. Parametric analysis of these miRNAs discerned 41 that effectively distinguished between patients who developed metastasis postoperatively and those who did not. Utilizing LDA, this study harnessed 41 miRNAs in a combinatorial approach, identifying eight key miRNAs (hsa-miR-106b-3p, hsa-miR-769-5p, hsa-miR-182-5p, hsa-miR-194-5p, hsa-miR-345-5p, hsa-miR-183-3p, hsa-miR-200a-3p, hsa-miR-301a-3p) that collectively stratified the metastatic group from control with up to 91% accuracy. This model’s effectiveness was supported by a receiver operating characteristic analysis, demonstrating an area under the curve of 80% or higher for the best miRNA combinations. Notably, the performance of this eight-miRNA panel was consistent with CAPRA-based risk stratification.

CONCLUSION: Our study presents a miRNA-based machine learning model that distinguishes metastatic from non-metastatic prostate cancer patients following surgery. The panel’s alignment with CAPRA underscores its clinical relevance and highlights its potential for integration into future clinical frameworks.

PMID:40818090 | DOI:10.1002/pros.70034

Physiother Theory Pract. 2025 Aug 16:1-12. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2025.2547293. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Stroke-related balance impairments reduce independence, making accurate assessment vital for rehabilitation. However, research on the minimal clinically important difference for the Kansas University Standing Balance Scale (KUSBS) is limited.

OBJECTIVES: This study determined the minimal clinically important difference for the KUSBS based on reduced assistance in walking and daily living activities for inpatients with acute-to-subacute stroke.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 407 inpatients diagnosed with acute-to-subacute stroke who were referred to the rehabilitation department between 2016 and 2022. Clinical outcomes – including the Kansas University Standing Balance Scale (KUSBS), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) – were assessed at both admission and discharge. The minimal clinically important difference was determined using anchor-based methods, including receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

RESULTS: The minimal clinically important difference for the KUSBS was 0.5 for both anchors; for the BBS, it ranged from 5.5 to 9.5. Subgroup analysis demonstrated statistical significance for patients requiring assistance with activities. Multivariate analysis indicated that functional improvements varied according to the initial functional levels.

CONCLUSION: The minimal clinically important difference for the KUSBS was 0.5 for patients requiring walking assistance and 1.5 for those needing maximal assistance with daily activities. Alternative balance assessment tools may be more suitable for patients who do not require assistance. Our study findings emphasize the importance of incorporating qualitative balance assessment tools, such as the KUSBS, alongside traditional quantitative measures, such as the BBS, to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of post-stroke balance function.

PMID:40818071 | DOI:10.1080/09593985.2025.2547293

J Evid Based Med. 2025 Aug 16:e70060. doi: 10.1111/jebm.70060. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Tongxinluo (TXL) capsule, a traditional Chinese medicine compound, has proven effective in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but its cost-effectiveness is unclear.

METHODS: This economic evaluation utilized individual data from clinical trials to compare major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) at 30 days and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at 1 year between an intervention group (TXL combined with conventional therapy) and the control group (placebo plus conventional therapy), from a healthcare perspective. A lifetime cost-utility analysis (CUA) was conducted using a Markov model, and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the results.

RESULTS: A total of 3777 patients (TXL: 1889; placebo: 1888) were included in the analysis. The 30-day total costs for the TXL and placebo groups were ¥38,561 ($5399) and ¥39,217 ($5490), respectively, showing no statistical difference. The 30-day MACCEs rates were 3.39% for the TXL group and 5.24% for the placebo group (p < 0.006), indicating TXL’s superiority in effectiveness at 30 days. Over a lifetime, the TXL group incurred higher total costs (¥97,108 [$13,595] vs. ¥92,033 [$12,885]) and gained more QALYs (6.70 vs. 6.30). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for TXL was ¥12,421/QALY ($1739), below the 1 Gross Domestic Product per capital threshold which was ¥89,358 ($12,510) in 2023 in China. Sensitivity analysis confirmed robust results, revealing that TXL was more likely to be accepted over the placebo when the willingness to pay exceeds ¥12,500 ($1739).

CONCLUSIONS: TXL is a cost-effective option compared to placebo in AMI.

PMID:40818069 | DOI:10.1111/jebm.70060

J Behav Addict. 2025 Aug 16. doi: 10.1556/2006.2025.00059. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is a mental health condition that has attracted significant research attention, especially following its inclusion in the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) by the World Health Organization. Despite this recognition, the field remains fragmented with ongoing debates about its classification and a lack of comprehensive cross-cultural research. In this study, bibliometrics was used to characterize the development status of CSBD over the past 25 years and to identify key research hotspots and future trends.

METHODS: This study collected data from the Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed the literature related to CSBD from 2000 to 2024. A total 2,261 publications were examined for their characteristics, including annual publication volume, countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords. Several bibliometric and visualization tools (e.g., VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Scimago Graphica, and Pajek) were used to conduct the analysis of co-authorship, co-citation, co-occurrence and descriptive.

RESULTS: The analysis identified a consistent upward trend in research interest in CSBD, particularly after its inclusion in ICD-11. Co-occurrence analysis of 82 author keywords with frequencies of more than 12 resulted in 5 clusters: (1) competing conceptualizations of CSBD; (2) comorbidity of CSBD with other psychiatric disorders; (3) assessment, risk factors, and treatment; (4) gender differences and sexual health; (5) CSB caused by neurological diseases. Moreover, the findings of countries/regions analysis indicate that publications are mainly from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) countries/regions, and collaborative networks mainly connect countries from the North America and Europe. Despite its growing recognition, the field still lacks interdisciplinary collaboration and comprehensive studies from non-WEIRD contexts, highlighting a need for broader, cross-cultural research.

CONCLUSIONS: This study comprehensively maps global research trends in CSBD, identifies critical knowledge gaps, and provides a foundation for future research. By synthesizing the current research status, it aims to guide researchers toward emerging topics and foster a more cohesive understanding of CSBD.

PMID:40818055 | DOI:10.1556/2006.2025.00059

Psychooncology. 2025 Aug;34(8):e70258. doi: 10.1002/pon.70258.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study investigates psychosocial and lifestyle factors to improve survival outcomes in prostate cancer patients.

METHODS: From the UK Biobank cohort, 13,110 male prostate cancer subjects were analysed to examine the relationship between psychosocial and lifestyle factors and survival with a mean follow-up of 14.2 years from recruitment.

RESULTS: Participation in sports club or gym (HR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.74-0.91, p < 0.005), religious groups (HR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.73-0.94, p < 0.005) and other group activity (HR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.78-0.97, p = 0.01) were associated with lower mortality risk in our analysis, after adjusting for age, deprivation and comorbidities, followed by. In contrast, neither the pub or social club nor the adult education class demonstrated a statistically significant survival benefit. A modest dose-response relationship between the number of social activities engaged in and mortality risk reduction is observed. There were no differential benefits in alcohol intake, while smoking demonstrated a graded risk increase in mortality (HR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.51-2.0, p < 0.005 in current smokers; HR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.1-1.32, p < 0.005 in previous smokers) compared to never smokers. Having close and frequent confidants (HR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.75-0.92, p < 0.005 for daily) also confers benefits to survival.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that participation in sports club or gym, engaging in religious groups and other group activities, forming good health habits such as smoking cessation, and having people to confide in regularly is associated with reduced mortality risk in prostate cancer patients. These findings highlight the importance of integrating psychosocial resilience, health behaviour optimisation, and spiritual engagement into survivorship care. The hierarchical risk reduction profile supports prioritising interventions targeting modifiable health behaviours, spiritual/social support, and group activities. While religious participation is associated with notable survival benefits, this study recognises the complex interplay of cultural, social, and personal factors influencing engagement in such activities. These findings advocate for stratified survivorship care models prioritising engagement modalities with dual physiological, psychosocial, and spiritual benefits.

PMID:40818052 | DOI:10.1002/pon.70258

J Fluoresc. 2025 Aug 16. doi: 10.1007/s10895-025-04514-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study introduces an innovative spectrofluorimetric method for determining fimasartan, a pharmaceutical compound, at low concentrations in drug formulations and human blood samples. The method incorporates several key features that enhance its effectiveness and sustainability. It utilizes eco-friendly solvents (water and ethanol) and reduces analysis time, making it both cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The integration of Quality by Design (QbD) principles ensures consistent quality throughout the analytical process. The method employs a microwave-assisted Hantzsch reaction for derivatization, which modifies the compound for improved detection. To optimize critical variables, the Placket-Burman design, a statistical tool, was implemented. The method demonstrates high performance with linearity in the range of 50-250 ng/mL, a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 10 ng/mL, and a Limit of Quantification (LOQ) of 50 ng/mL. It achieves excellent accuracy, with 99.61-100.58% recovery in pharmaceutical formulations and 91.67-94.94% in human plasma. The rapid analysis time of 30 s for derivatization further enhances its efficiency. Mass spectrometry confirmation verified the formation of a fluorescent Mannich base product. Notably, this method outperforms existing LC-MS and HPLC techniques based on RGB12, AGREE, and modified-GAPI assessments, demonstrating superior environmental performance. By successfully combining analytical quality, environmental sustainability, and cost-effectiveness, this new spectrofluorimetric method presents a valuable tool for researchers and pharmaceutical professionals in the analysis of fimasartan. Its ability to provide accurate measurements at very small nano-scale concentrations while maintaining eco-friendly practices makes it a significant advancement in pharmaceutical analysis techniques.

PMID:40818015 | DOI:10.1007/s10895-025-04514-5