Tag: pubmed

Sports Med. 2025 Aug 16. doi: 10.1007/s40279-025-02298-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Exercise-based injury prevention programmes (EIPPs) need a certain period of consistent practice to achieve the expected efficacy. Therefore, as with many other biomedical interventions, EIPPs can be characterised by a dose-response relationship. In this Current Opinion, we aim to present the concept of the dose-response relationship and explore the research and clinical implications stemming from it. First, we introduce its origins from pharmacology and define the terms dose and response in the context of EIPPs. Specifically, we describe how the dose is dependent on the duration of EIPP practice and how the response can be quantified from injury-related epidemiological outcomes. Then, we highlight that the vast majority of research studies examining the efficacy of EIPPs neglect their dose-response relationship, which can lead to a potential underestimation of the EIPP effect. To overcome this problem, we present two statistical approaches that were applied to a previous study, providing a practical way to estimate the dose-response relationship of an EIPP. Finally, we discuss how researchers can integrate this concept in their study designs and analyses and how practitioners can plan the implementation of EIPPs on the basis of the time needed for the EIPPs to gain efficacy according to the dose-response relationship.

PMID:40818011 | DOI:10.1007/s40279-025-02298-z

Int Urol Nephrol. 2025 Aug 16. doi: 10.1007/s11255-025-04706-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pressure- and volume-controlled balloon dilation in the treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) and to compare it with traditional bladder hydrodistension to explore a superior therapeutic approach.

METHODS: A prospective randomised-controlled trial was conducted, enrolling 50 women with IC/BPS aged 52-77 years, treated between July 2013 and June 2023. Patients were randomly assigned to a pressure- and volume-controlled balloon dilation group (experimental group, n = 25) or a traditional bladder hydrodistension group (control group, n = 25). The primary outcome measures included interstitial cystitis symptom index and interstitial cystitis problem index (ICSI/ICPI) scores, pelvic pain and urinary frequency (PUF) scores, bladder capacity, nocturnal urination frequency, maximum voided volume, and postoperative complications (bleeding and bladder rupture). Statistical analyses were performed using t tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and Chi-square tests, with P < 0.05 indicating statistical significance.

RESULTS: At 6 months post-treatment, the experimental group showed significantly lower ICSI/ICPI scores than the control group (P < 0.05). The experimental group also exhibited significantly lower PUF scores at all time points (P < 0.05). Under non-anaesthetic conditions, the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater bladder capacity (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed under anaesthetic conditions (P > 0.05). The experimental group experienced significantly fewer episodes of nocturnal urination from 2 weeks to 6 months post-treatment (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Pressure- and volume-controlled balloon dilation demonstrated superior efficacy in alleviating IC/BPS symptoms and improving bladder function compared with traditional hydrodistension. Additionally, it was associated with a lower complication rate, offering a safer and more effective therapeutic option for patients with IC/BPS.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ID:ISRCTN25030604, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN25030604.

PMID:40818007 | DOI:10.1007/s11255-025-04706-9

Int J Implant Dent. 2025 Aug 16;11(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s40729-025-00642-6.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Implant dentistry is an established therapy option with sufficient long-term success for the replacement of missing teeth. Education in implant dentistry should not only focus on theory but also on practical courses. The purpose of the current examination was to assess the accuracy of fully guided and pilot-drill guided implant insertion applying plotted static guides in a cohort of undergraduate dental students.

METHODS: Matching a three-dimensional set of radiographic data and surface scans of 51 artificial mandibular models, 51 surgical templates were produced by plotting. Metal sleeves allowing either a pilot-drill or fully guided implant insertion were inserted alternatively in region 36 and 46. A total of 102 implants were inserted by 51 undergraduates. Subsequently, the positions of the implants were analyzed radiographically considering the accuracy. Additionally, the time required for implant insertion was recorded and a questionnaire was completed. Statistical analysis followed.

RESULTS: In general, the accuracy of fully guided implant insertion was higher compared to pilot-drill guided. Mean three-dimensional deviation was 2.24 ± 0.38 degrees for fully guided vs. 4.51 ± 2.20 degrees for pilot-drill guided implant insertion. Time required for fully guided implant insertion was statistically significant higher compared to pilot-drill guided (15:22 ± 5:22 vs. 9:35 ± 3:58 min, p < 0.01). The returned questionnaires reported a high interest but a self-assessed minor previous knowledge in implant dentistry.

CONCLUSION: The examination could show that inexperienced undergraduates benefited from fully guided implant insertion in a laboratory set-up. Based on the questionnaires there is a distinct demand for an extended education in implant dentistry among undergraduate students.

PMID:40818001 | DOI:10.1186/s40729-025-00642-6

Odontology. 2025 Aug 16. doi: 10.1007/s10266-025-01167-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of different designs and depths of cusp reduction on fracture resistance of maxillary permanent premolars restored with CAD/CAM composite restorations. A total of 42 sound maxillary premolars were used. Standardized MOD cavities were prepared in all specimens. Teeth were randomly divided according to form of cusp reduction into three main groups (n = 14); G1:MOD cavities restored with inlays with no cusp reduction, G2:MOD cavities restored with overlays with buccal and palatal anatomical cusps reduction, G3; MOD cavities restored with overlays with buccal and palatal flat cusps reduction. Groups 2 and 3 were further sub-divided into two sub-groups (n = 7) according to amount of cusp reduction either 1.5 mm or 2.5 mm. All groups were restored by CAD/CAM resin composite indirect restorations and cemented by adhesive resin cement. Thermocycling was done for all specimens. Fracture resistance was tested by universal testing machine and failure modes were examined by stereomicroscope. Statistically analysis was done for all data. Fracture resistance showed significant differences among the experimental groups (p < 0.001) with the highest fracture resistance for overlays with 2.5 mm of anatomical reduction. Regarding the modes of failure, there were no significant differences between experimental groups (p = 0.489). The fracture resistance of the composite CAD/CAM fabricated restorations is highly influenced by the restoration/prep design. The overlay design with anatomical cusps reduction of 2.5 mm can reinforce maxillary premolars teeth with MOD cavities.

PMID:40817999 | DOI:10.1007/s10266-025-01167-5

Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2025 Aug 16;29(1):144. doi: 10.1007/s10006-025-01442-3.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The goal of using ultrasound-guided (USG) arthrocentesis is to reduce number of needle insertion attempts, which is hypothesized to reduce procedure time, postoperative pain, and consequently, limitation in range of motion.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to compare the therapeutic and operative efficiency of USG Single-Puncture Arthrocentesis (SPA) Type 2 and SPA Type 2 arthrocentesis without ultrasound guidance in the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement (ID) “disc displacement without reduction (DDWOR).”

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double-blinded prospective randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted from December 2022 to December 2023 at Ain Shams University Hospital. It enrolled females with a mean age of 27.00 ± 3.70 years with DDWOR and failed conservative treatment, excluding those with malocclusion, parafunctional habits, systemic diseases, psychological disorders or requiring special needs. In the study, 40 female patients with DDWOR were randomly divided into a control group (SPA Type 2 arthrocentesis) and an intervention group (USG SPA Type 2 arthrocentesis). Patients were assessed for needle insertion attempts as the primary outcome. procedure time, pain measured using visual analogue scale (VAS), and maximum mouth opening (MMO) were also assessed. Follow-up was conducted at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Patients with differences in age and gender, malocclusion, parafunctional habits, systemic diseases, or psychological disorders were excluded.

RESULTS: The intervention group had fewer needle insertion attempts (1.6 vs. 2.9) and shorter procedure time (11.75 vs. 16 min, p < 0.001). Pain scores (p = 0.846) and maximum mouth opening (p = 0.341) showed no statistically significant differences after 12 weeks. Data were summarized as mean, SD, median, and IQR, with normality assessed by examining the distribution and using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Non-parametric variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Linear mixed models were assessed via residual plots, Q-Q plots, Shapiro-Wilk, Breusch-Pagan, and VIF tests. Fixed effects were analyzed with ANOVA or Wald Chi-Square tests, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc comparisons. Analyses were conducted using R 4.5.0.

CONCLUSIONS: USG SPA Type 2 arthrocentesis demonstrated improved procedural efficiency, evidenced by fewer needle insertion attempts and shorter procedure duration. However, it did not result in statistically significant differences in therapeutic outcomes, including pain reduction or maximum mouth opening (MMO). Further research is warranted to determine whether ultrasound guidance provides additional clinical benefits beyond technical facilitation.

PMID:40817995 | DOI:10.1007/s10006-025-01442-3

Eat Weight Disord. 2025 Aug 16;30(1):65. doi: 10.1007/s40519-025-01778-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Scientific evidence has demonstrated that psychosocial factors can influence hedonic hunger (HH). Moreover, HH can be a predictor of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) outcomes. The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been used as a model approach for managing excess weight. In this study, we assessed the association between anxiety and depression levels, HH, and adherence to MD in candidates to MBS and post-MBS subjects.

METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study that included individuals who were candidates and who were submitted to MBS. Data analysis included anthropometric measurements, assessment of anxiety and depression levels, HH, and adherence to MD.

RESULTS: Of the 64 included individuals, 68.8% were female, with a mean age of 48.39 years. A significant positive correlation was observed between HH and anxiety and depression levels. No statistically significant relationship was found between adherence to MD and HH, nor with anxiety and depression levels.

CONCLUSION: Psychological status largely contributes to weight control. Therefore, patients should be carefully assessed before and after surgery to ensure treatment and adequate follow-up. Future studies are needed to better determine the complex relationship between psychological factors, HH, food intake, and weight.

LEVEL V: Cross-sectional observational study.

PMID:40817990 | DOI:10.1007/s40519-025-01778-5

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2025 Aug 16. doi: 10.1007/s13555-025-01514-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Biologics have revolutionized the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD), with dupilumab, an anti-interleukin-4Rα monoclonal antibody, showing notable clinical efficacy. However, some patients achieve rapid and profound improvement-termed super responders (SRs), while others respond poorly. This study aimed to identify SRs to dupilumab in patients with AD and analyze their clinical characteristics to inform personalized treatment strategies.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with moderate-to-severe AD treated with dupilumab, sourced from the National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases in China. Clinical and follow-up data were reviewed. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, while continuous variables were compared via t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. Furthermore, a logistic regression model was employed to evaluate the predictive ability of clinical and demographic variables collected at baseline on the probability of becoming SRs.

RESULTS: Among 1,034 patients with AD, 125 (12.09%) were identified as SRs, achieving significant clinical improvement within 16 weeks. Further univariate analysis indicated that factors closely associated with SRs included: older age, higher body mass index, later disease onset, higher baseline scores of pruritus intensity (Peak pruritus Numerical Rating Scale, PP-NRS)/disease severity (Eczema Area and Severity Index, EASI)/quality of life (Dermatology Life Quality Index, DLQI), prior systemic therapy use, no prior biologics, elevated eosinophil count, high-dose dupilumab, shorter dosing intervals of dupilumab, and absence of concomitant therapies. Logistic regression identified moderate baseline pruritus (PP-NRS) and higher baseline DLQI scores (moderate-to-severe impact) as strong predictors of SRs (moderate pruritus Adj odds ratio (OR): 8.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.56-27.42; moderate DLQI Adj OR: 11.01, 95% CI 3.34-36.29; severe DLQI Adj OR: 14.52, 95% CI 4.70-44.91; all p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Baseline pruritus and quality of life impairment are key predictors of super response to dupilumab in AD. Early identification may guide more tailored, effective treatment strategies.

PMID:40817988 | DOI:10.1007/s13555-025-01514-y

Basic Res Cardiol. 2025 Aug 16. doi: 10.1007/s00395-025-01135-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Ischemic heart disease lacks optimal therapies targeting post-infarction inflammation and remodeling. The role of TCA cycle metabolites in modulating macrophage-driven cardiac inflammation remains unclear. This study hypothesized that AKG supplementation attenuates cardiac dysfunction by regulating macrophage activation via TCA cycle replenishment and FTO-dependent epigenetic mechanisms. Myocardial infarction was induced in male C57BL/6 mice and macrophage-specific FTO knockout mice via left anterior descending artery ligation. Mice received AKG supplementation. Techniques included echocardiography, histopathology, flow cytometry (quantifying Ly6C⁺ macrophages), m6A-RIP-qPCR (assessing Stat3 mRNA methylation), Western blotting (JAK1/STAT3 pathway), Seahorse metabolic analysis (BMDMs), and in vitro BMDM cultures. Data are mean ± SD; statistical significance (p < 0.05) assessed by t-test/ANOVA. AKG restored TCA cycle flux and significantly reduced infarct size (p < 0.01). It attenuated pro-inflammatory Ly6C⁺ macrophage infiltration (p < 0.05) versus controls. AKG required macrophage FTO expression, increasing STAT3 nuclear translocation (p < 0.05) via FTO-mediated m6A demethylation of Stat3 mRNA (p < 0.01). This activated JAK1/STAT3 signaling, driving anti-inflammatory polarization and metabolic reprogramming (p < 0.05). AKG supplementation attenuates post-infarction cardiac dysfunction primarily through FTO-mediated m6A demethylation of Stat3 in macrophages, activating JAK1/STAT3 signaling to promote anti-inflammatory polarization and metabolic reprogramming. This defines a novel metabolite-epigenetic pathway (AKG-FTO-m6A-STAT3) for immunomodulation in ischemic injury, highlighting TCA cycle replenishment as a therapeutic strategy.

PMID:40817969 | DOI:10.1007/s00395-025-01135-8

Health Justice. 2025 Aug 16;13(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s40352-025-00362-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We describe a longitudinal mixed methods program evaluation protocol for a novel peer-led housing program for older men transitioning from prison to the community after completing long sentences of incarceration. The program departs from traditional community corrections models by providing peer-run housing designed to build and enhance peer and community social ties. This previously untested program relies on the principles of network alteration and provides a case study for examining interpersonal mechanisms underlying behavioral health and justice related outcomes.

METHODS: We use mixed methods and longitudinal social network analysis to evaluate the program, while also applying implementation science to document program development. We focus our evaluation on key health and social outcomes, including mental health, substance use, stress, health risk behaviors, well-being, financial security, housing, and recidivism. With longitudinal surveys, we collect (1) dynamic network data of resident and staff relationships and (2) behavioral health/social data of participants. We also administer longitudinal resident and staff interviews. Resident interviews focus on interpersonal relationships and reentry experiences, while staff interviews describe program implementation. We apply longitudinal statistical models to complete (i.e., sociocentric) network data within the house to examine how dynamic network properties connect to changes in residents’ health, behavioral, and social outcomes. We integrate longitudinal survey, individual-level (i.e., egocentric) network, and qualitative data to understand how the program works. To evaluate program impacts for long-term health and social outcomes, we use an untreated matched sample to compare 6- and 12-months post-prison release outcomes using administrative data related to rearrest/reincarceration and behavioral health.

PRE-IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS: We use a logic model to present and organize pre-implementation results from interviews with program staff and peer mentors. Our results describe program design and intended goals, while highlighting how the program is rooted in principles of peer support, trauma-informed care, and restorative justice to address unique stressors of incarceration to foster responsibility and facilitate reintegration.

DISCUSSION: Community program evaluation research allows us to document real-world contextual factors that may drive intervention effectiveness. Results of the mixed methods evaluation will provide a comprehensive understanding of one network-based program’s ability to support health and social outcomes of older, previously incarcerated men. Results may inform future reentry services.

PMID:40817958 | DOI:10.1186/s40352-025-00362-4

Eur Radiol. 2025 Aug 16. doi: 10.1007/s00330-025-11898-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of deep learning (DL)-based radiomics models for the noninvasive prediction of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion status in glioma patients using MRI sequences, and to identify methodological factors influencing accuracy and generalizability.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) up to March 2025, screening studies that utilized DL to predict IDH and 1p/19q co-deletion status from MRI data. We assessed study quality and risk of bias using the Radiomics Quality Score and the QUADAS-2 tool. Our meta-analysis employed a bivariate model to compute pooled sensitivity and specificity, and meta-regression to assess interstudy heterogeneity.

RESULTS: Among the 1517 unique publications, 104 were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 72 underwent meta-analysis. Pooled estimates for IDH prediction in test cohorts yielded a sensitivity of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.77-0.83) and specificity of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.81-0.87). For 1p/19q co-deletion, sensitivity was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.65-0.82) and specificity was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.75-0.88). Meta-regression identified the tumor segmentation method and the extent of DL integration into the radiomics pipeline as significant contributors to interstudy variability.

CONCLUSION: Although DL models demonstrate strong potential for noninvasive molecular classification of gliomas, clinical translation requires several critical steps: harmonization of multi-center MRI data using techniques such as histogram matching and DL-based style transfer; adoption of standardized and automated segmentation protocols; extensive multi-center external validation; and prospective clinical validation.

KEY POINTS: Question Can DL based radiomics using routine MRI noninvasively predict IDH mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion status in gliomas, and what factors affect diagnostic accuracy? Findings Meta-analysis showed 80% sensitivity and 85% specificity for predicting IDH mutation, and 75% sensitivity and 82% specificity for 1p/19q co-deletion status. Clinical relevance MRI-based DL models demonstrate clinically useful accuracy for noninvasive glioma molecular classification, but data harmonization, standardized automated segmentation, and rigorous multi-center external validation are essential for clinical adoption.

PMID:40817944 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-025-11898-2