Tag: pubmed

Int J Obes (Lond). 2021 Sep 3. doi: 10.1038/s41366-021-00950-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Interoception refers to the processes by which we sense, interpret and integrate signals originating from within the body. Deficits in interoception have been linked to higher BMI and may contribute to weight gain. However, there have been conflicting findings and it is not clear how higher BMI is associated with different facets of interoception, such as interoceptive accuracy (the ability to detect internal signals) and sensibility (the tendency to attend to internal signals).

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that measured interoception and BMI. We examined relationships between interoception and BMI in children and adults separately and as a function of interoceptive facet and measure. In sensitivity analyses, we tested for evidence of publication bias and whether the results were consistent when studies with a high risk of bias were excluded.

RESULTS: A total of 87 articles were eligible for inclusion. In adults (121 effects, 10,425 participants), there was cross-sectional evidence of higher BMI being associated with overall deficits in interoception (r = -0.054, 95% CI: -0.084 to -0.025) and this was consistent across sensitivity analyses. There was no statistically significant evidence of moderation by interoceptive facet or measure, although there was some variability in effect size estimates based on interoceptive facet and measures. A smaller meta-analysis limited to studies that compared participants with normal weight vs. overweight/obesity indicated poorer interoception in participants with overweight/obesity (SMD = -0.39, 95% CI -0.60 to -0.18).

CONCLUSIONS: In cross-sectional studies, deficits in interoception are associated with higher BMI. However, it remains unclear whether deficits in interoception contribute to or are a consequence of weight gain and obesity.

PMID:34480102 | DOI:10.1038/s41366-021-00950-y

Leukemia. 2021 Sep 3. doi: 10.1038/s41375-021-01398-9. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:34480107 | DOI:10.1038/s41375-021-01398-9

Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 3;11(1):17684. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97150-5.

ABSTRACT

Positional brain shift (PBS), the sagging of the brain under the effect of gravity, is comparable in magnitude to the margin of error for the success of stereotactic interventions ([Formula: see text] 1 mm). This non-uniform shift due to slight differences in head orientation can lead to a significant discrepancy between the planned and the actual location of surgical targets. Accurate in-vivo measurements of this complex deformation are critical for the design and validation of an appropriate compensation to integrate into neuronavigational systems. PBS arising from prone-to-supine change of head orientation was measured with magnetic resonance imaging on 11 young adults. The full-field displacement was extracted on a voxel-basis via digital volume correlation and analysed in a standard reference space. Results showed the need for target-specific correction of surgical targets, as a significant displacement ranging from 0.52 to 0.77 mm was measured at surgically relevant structures. Strain analysis further revealed local variability in compressibility: anterior regions showed expansion (both volume and shape change), whereas posterior regions showed small compression, mostly dominated by shape change. Finally, analysis of correlation demonstrated the potential for further patient- and intervention-specific adjustments, as intra-cranial breadth and head tilt correlated with PBS reaching statistical significance.

PMID:34480073 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-97150-5

J Hum Hypertens. 2021 Sep 3. doi: 10.1038/s41371-021-00598-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at currently defined normal systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels in individuals without CVD risk factors is not well examined. We evaluated whether higher systolic blood pressure within the range considered normal is associated with a higher CVD risk in Chinese without traditional CVD risk factors. The community-based study included 25,529 individuals (mean age:47.3 ± 12.3 years;range:18-95 years) with a baseline SBP of 90-129 mmHg, who were free of CVD and traditional CVD risk factors, and who were re-examined in biennial intervals. During a mean follow-up of 10.6 ± 1.49 years (maximum. 11.5 years), 847 CVD events occurred. CVD incidence per 1000 person-years increased with higher baseline SBP levels (SBP,90-99 mmHg:1.45;100-109 mmHg:2.15;110-119 mmHg:3.06; and 120-129 mmHg:3.80). After adjusting for CVD risk factors, the categorical Cox regression suggested that the CVD risk was not statistically significant for study participants with a baseline SBP level of 100-109 mmHg, 110-119 mmHg, and 120-129 mmHg compared with those with a baseline SBP level of 90-99 mmHg. If CVD risk factors including blood pressure categories which developed during follow-up were included in a time-dependent Cox regression analysis, the normal baseline SBP was still not associated with incident CVDs. A SBP between 90 and 129 mmHg was not associated with an increased CVD risk in a healthy population.

PMID:34480099 | DOI:10.1038/s41371-021-00598-1

Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 3;11(1):17681. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-96975-4.

ABSTRACT

Although multiple myeloma (MM) is still considered as an incurable disease by current standards, the development of several combination therapies, and immunotherapy approaches has raised the hope towards transforming MM into an indolent, chronic disease, and possibly achieving a cure. We tried to shed light on the expression of PD1 and different Microparticles (MPs) in MM and their interplay as a mechanism of resistance to standardized treatments, in addition, find their associations with prognostic factors of symptomatic MM. Thirty patients with newly diagnosed and chemotherapy naïve active MM, along with 19 healthy participants of comparable age and sex were recruited, after diagnosis of MM; blood samples were collected from both patients and controls for flow cytometric detection of CD4+, CD8+, CD4+PD1+, and CD8+PD1+T cells, total MPs, CD138+ MPs, and platelet MPs. MM patients had statistically significant higher levels of TMPs, CD138+ MPs compared to their controls, while PMPs exhibited no significant difference between both groups. Statistically significant higher percentages of CD8+, PD1CD8+, PD1CD4+T cells were detected in patients compared to controls, while the latter group had a significantly higher percentage of CD4+T cells than MM patients, patients who did not achieve complete response, had significantly higher percentages of PMPs, CD138+MPs, PD1+CD8+, PD1+CD4+, and CD8+T cells (cutoff values = 61, 10.6, 13.5, 11.3 and 20.1 respectively), (p-values = 0.002, 0.003, 0.017, 0.001 and 0.008 respectively). Microparticles and PD1 expressions were associated with proliferative potential and resistance to Bortezomib-based treatments, our results suggested that they played a crucial role in myeloma progression.

PMID:34480060 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-96975-4

Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 3;11(1):17667. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-96880-w.

ABSTRACT

The global sea-level budget is studied using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) solutions, Satellite Altimetry and Argo observations based on the updated budget equation. When the global ocean mass change is estimated with the updated Tongji-Grace2018 solution, the misclosure of the global sea-level budget can be reduced by 0.11-0.22 mm/year compared to four other recent solutions (i.e. CSR RL06, GFZ RL06, JPL RL06 and ITSG-Grace2018) over the period January 2005 to December 2016. When the same missing months as the GRACE solution are deleted from altimetry and Argo data, the misclosure will be reduced by 0.06 mm/year. Once retained the GRACE C₂₀ term, the linear trends of Tongji-Grace2018 and ITSG-Grace2018 solutions are 2.60 ± 0.16 and 2.54 ± 0.16 mm/year, closer to 2.60 ± 0.14 mm/year from Altimetry-Argo than the three RL06 official solutions. Therefore, the Tongji-Grace2018 solution can reduce the misclosure between altimetry, Argo and GRACE data, regardless of whether the C₂₀ term is replaced or not, since the low-degree spherical harmonic coefficients of the Tongji-Grace2018 solution can capture more ocean signals, which are confirmed by the statistical results of the time series of global mean ocean mass change derived from five GRACE solutions with the spherical harmonic coefficients truncated to different degrees and orders.

PMID:34480069 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-96880-w

Tob Control. 2021 Sep 3:tobaccocontrol-2021-056717. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056717. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence to inform policies that reduce density and proximity of tobacco retailers.

DATA SOURCES: Ten databases were searched on 16 October 2020: MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO, Global Health, LILACS, Embase, ABI/Inform, CINAHL, Business Source Complete, Web of Science and Scopus, plus grey literature searches using Google and the RAND Publication Database.

STUDY SELECTION: Included studies used inferential statistics about adult participants to examine associations between tobacco retailer density/proximity and tobacco use behaviours and health outcomes. Of 7373 studies reviewed by independent coders, 37 (0.5%) met inclusion criteria.

DATA EXTRACTION: Effect sizes were converted to a relative risk reduction (RRR) metric, indicating the presumed reduction in tobacco use outcomes based on reducing tobacco retailer density and decreasing proximity.

DATA SYNTHESIS: We conducted a random effects meta-analysis and examined heterogeneity across 27 studies through subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Tobacco retailer density (RRR=2.55, 95% CI 1.91 to 3.19, k=155) and proximity (RRR=2.38, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.37, k=100) were associated with tobacco use behaviours. Pooled results including both density and proximity found an estimated 2.48% reduction in risk of tobacco use from reductions in tobacco retailer density and proximity (RRR=2.48, 95% CI 1.95 to 3.02, k=255). Results for health outcomes came from just two studies and were not significant. Considerable heterogeneity existed.

CONCLUSIONS: Across studies, lower levels of tobacco retailer density and decreased proximity are associated with lower tobacco use. Reducing tobacco supply by limiting retailer density and proximity may lead to reductions in tobacco use. Policy evaluations are needed.

PMID:34479990 | DOI:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056717

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Sep 7;118(36):e2105328118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2105328118.

ABSTRACT

Brain microstructure plays a key role in driving the transport of drug molecules directly administered to the brain tissue, as in Convection-Enhanced Delivery procedures. The proposed research analyzes the hydraulic permeability of two white matter (WM) areas (corpus callosum and fornix) whose three-dimensional microstructure was reconstructed starting from the acquisition of electron microscopy images. We cut the two volumes with 20 equally spaced planes distributed along two perpendicular directions, and, on each plane, we computed the corresponding permeability vector. Then, we considered that the WM structure is mainly composed of elongated and parallel axons, and, using a principal component analysis, we defined two principal directions, parallel and perpendicular, with respect to the axons’ main direction. The latter were used to define a reference frame onto which the permeability vectors were projected to finally obtain the permeability along the parallel and perpendicular directions. The results show a statistically significant difference between parallel and perpendicular permeability, with a ratio of about two in both the WM structures analyzed, thus demonstrating their anisotropic behavior. Moreover, we find a significant difference between permeability in corpus callosum and fornix, which suggests that the WM heterogeneity should also be considered when modeling drug transport in the brain. Our findings, which demonstrate and quantify the anisotropic and heterogeneous character of the WM, represent a fundamental contribution not only for drug-delivery modeling, but also for shedding light on the interstitial transport mechanisms in the extracellular space.

PMID:34480003 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2105328118

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2021 Sep 3:cebp.0476.2021. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0476. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Experimental studies suggest that iron overload might increase pancreatic cancer (PC) risk. We evaluated whether prediagnostic hemochromatosis and iron-overload diseases, including sideroblastic and congenital dyserythropoietic anemias and non-alcoholic related chronic liver disease (NACLD), were associated with PC risk in older adults.

METHODS: We conducted a population-based, case-control study within the United States’ Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER)-Medicare linked data. Incident primary PC cases were adults > 66 years. Controls were alive at the time cases were diagnosed and matched to cases (4:1 ratio) by age, sex, and calendar-year. Hemochromatosis, iron-overload anemias, and NACLD were reported 12 or more months before PC diagnosis or control selection using Medicare claims data. Adjusted unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between hemochromatosis, sideroblastic and congenital dyserythropoietic anemias NACLD, and PC.

RESULTS: Between 1992-2015, 80,074 PC cases and 320,296 controls were identified. Overall, we did not observe statistically significant associations between hemochromatosis, sideroblastic anemia, or congenital dyserythropoietic anemia and PC; however, sideroblastic anemia was associated with later primary PC (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.03-1.64). NACLD was associated with first (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.19), later (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02-1.35), and all (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.20) PC.

CONCLUSION: Overall hemochromatosis and iron-overload anemias were not associated with PC, whereas NACLD was associated with increased risk in this large study of older adults.

IMPACT: These results partly support the hypothesis that iron-overload diseases increases PC risk.

PMID:34479949 | DOI:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0476

Postgrad Med J. 2021 Sep 3:postgradmedj-2021-141014. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-141014. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Surveys are quick and easy to produce. This paper outlines some of the many problems that should be anticipated.

PMID:34479976 | DOI:10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-141014