Tag: pubmed

Dent Mater J. 2021 Sep 2. doi: 10.4012/dmj.2021-111. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This review aims to evaluate whether the etch-and-rinse or self-etch mode is the better protocol for dentin adhesion by universal adhesives. A total of 15 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Two reviewers performed a literature search up to October 2020in four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Without considering the difference in aging mode, the analysis of the immediate and long-term bond strength of dentin showed that there was no statistical significance between the etch-and-rinse and self-etch mode of universal adhesive, and the long-term bond strength decreased relative to the immediate. In vitro studies suggest that prior acid etching did not improve bond performance. Whether from the perspective of long-term bonding performance or simplifying operating procedures, the self-etch mode is preferred.

PMID:34471040 | DOI:10.4012/dmj.2021-111

J Oral Sci. 2021 Sep 2. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0265. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate masticatory performance (MP), maximum occlusal force (MOF), maximum tongue pressure (MTP) and oral diadochokinesis (ODK) among community-dwelling elderly patients without posterior occlusal support.

METHODS: This study enrolled community-dwelling elderly patients (≥65 years old) who belonged to Eichner A, B4, C1, C2, and C3. Each oral function was statistically compared among groups. Correlations between MP and other variables were examined in Eichner B4 and C patients.

RESULTS: MP and MOF values in Eichner B4 and C patients were significantly lower than in Eichner A patients. There were significant differences in MTP values between Eichner “A and C2, C3”, and “B4 and C2, C3”. ODK in Eichner C patients showed significantly lower values compared to Eichner A patients in general. Although there were statistically significant correlations of MP with age, the number of remaining teeth and all oral functions were identified, and multiple regression analysis indicated that MOF and MTP were independently related to MP.

CONCLUSION: Oral functions in Eichner B4 and C patients were lower compared to Eichner A patients. MP was significantly correlated with MOF and MTP in elderly patients without posterior occlusal support, suggesting the importance of rehabilitation of MOF and MTP in MP.

PMID:34470988 | DOI:10.2334/josnusd.21-0265

Med Mycol J. 2021;62(3):63-65. doi: 10.3314/mmj.21-00006.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dermoscopy is a new method to diagnose and manage nail disorders. The definite dermoscopic finding for onychomycosis, however, is still debatable.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the dermoscopic features that help differentiate between onychomycosis (OM) and traumatic onychodystrophy (TOD).

METHODS: A prospective study of 65 patients with toenail abnormalities was conducted. The patients were classified into OM and TOD groups using mycological tests (potassium hydroxide test, fungal culture, and histological examination). OM was diagnosed from positive results for all tests, while TOD was decided based on negative results for all tests and evidence of foot trauma. Dermoscopic features were recorded and compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: Most patients of the 65 patients were female (72.3%), and had a mean age of 67.9 years. Twenty-seven patients (41.5%) were diagnosed with OM, all of which were distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis. TOD, on the other hand, was determined in 38 patients. Dermoscopic findings revealed that the yellow, clumping, sulphur-nugget-like debris in the ruin appearance was significantly associated with onychomycosis (p = 0.002), while ruin appearance without sulphur nugget was not statistically correlated with onychomycosis (p = 0.068).

CONCLUSION: The presence of sulphur nuggets in the ruin appearance is a new and helpful dermoscopic feature for onychomycosis diagnosis.

PMID:34471037 | DOI:10.3314/mmj.21-00006

J Oral Sci. 2021 Sep 2. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0044. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of some whitening toothpastes on the surface roughness and coloration susceptibility of a composite resin, as well as their whitening effectiveness.

METHODS: This study was carried out in two different stages. In experiment A, samples were divided into 7 subgroups to compare the surface roughness and coloration susceptibility of the composite resin: distilled water, conventional toothpaste, and 5 different whitening toothpastes. In experiment B, samples were divided into 8 subgroups to compare the whitening effectiveness of the whitening toothpastes: conventional toothpaste, 5 other whitening toothpastes, and two bleaching groups. After toothbrushing simulation, the color and surface roughness of the samples were measured. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance, paired t-test and Tukey post-hoc test (α = 0.05).

RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences among the surface roughness values for the groups for any period before and after brushing (P > 0.05). In terms of the coloration susceptibility of the composite resin and the whitening effects of the toothpastes, no statistically significant differences were evident among the groups for any period before and after brushing (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that effective toothbrushing is more important than the type of toothpaste employed.

PMID:34470987 | DOI:10.2334/josnusd.21-0044

Saudi Med J. 2021 Sep;42(9):1017-1023. doi: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.9.20210281.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate risk factors associated with 31-day unplanned readmission(s) for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in China.

METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled patients (age, >14 years) with pulmonary TB who experienced 31-day unplanned readmissions to a specialized hospital for TB between January 2018 and December 2019. For each confirmed readmission, 2 control subjects were randomly selected from among patients with pulmonary TB but did not experience an unplanned readmission within 31 days.

RESULTS: A total of 402 pulmonary TB patients (5.9%) experienced unplanned readmission within 31 days after discharge. In univariate analysis, readmission was associated with gender, age, insurance coverage, residing in a rural area, active smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), drug-induced hepatitis, and leaving hospital against medical advice. The final logistic regression model revealed that higher risks for unplanned readmissions were associated with male gender (odds ratio [OR] 1.44, [95% confidence interval (CI) : 1.06-1.95]), age >65 years (OR 2.94, 95%CI: 2.03-4.27), rural residence (OR 8.86, 95%CI: 6.61-11.87), active smoking (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.37-3.40), COPD (OR 2.77, 95%CI: 1.59-4.81), and leaving hospital against physician advice (OR 4.11, 95%CI: 1.43-11.83). The median time to 31-day unplanned readmission was 24 days. Major reasons for unplanned readmission included fever, exacerbation of dyspnea, and hemoptysis.

CONCLUSION: Unplanned readmission for pulmonary TB within 31 days of discharge was higher among older males residing in rural areas, active smokers, and those leaving hospital against medical advice.

PMID:34470841 | DOI:10.15537/smj.2021.42.9.20210281

Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021 Sep 1:CJN.03850321. doi: 10.2215/CJN.03850321. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Background and objectives Whether iron supplementation in hemodialysis patients could be delivered by less-frequent but higher single doses compared to the currently more common higher-frequency schedules of lower single iron doses is unknown. Design, setting, participants, and measurements We carried out an open label randomized, controlled non-inferiority trial over 40 weeks in prevalent hemodialysis patients (n=142). We administered in total two grams of iron as 100 mg iron sucrose biweekly in a continuous (20 x 100 mg) or 500 mg ferric carboxymaltose every 10 weeks in a periodic (4 x 500 mg) fashion. Primary endpoint was the change in hemoglobin at week 40 from baseline with a non-inferiority margin of -0.8 g/dl. Secondary endpoints were changes in ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation and erythropoiesis stimulating agent use. Results 108 patients completed the study. At 40 weeks hemoglobin changed by -0.27 g/dl (95% CI: -0.64 to 0.09) in the iron sucrose arm and by -0.74 g/dl (95% CI: -1.1 to -0.39) in the ferric carboxymaltose arm compared to baseline. Non-inferiority was not established in the per-protocol population as hemoglobin changes compared to baseline differed by -0.47 g/dl (95% CI: -0.95 to 0.01) in the ferric carboxymaltose compared to the iron sucrose arm. Proportional changes from baseline to week 40 differed by -31% (98.3% CI: -52 to -0.1) for ferritin, by 1% (98.3% CI: -7 to 10) for transferrin and by -27% (98.3% CI: -39 to -13) for transferrin saturation in the ferric carboxymaltose compared to the iron sucrose arm. Erythropoiesis stimulating agent dosing did not differ between groups. The overall number of adverse events was similar; however, more infections were observed in the iron sucrose arm. Conclusions An equal cumulative dose of ferric carboxymaltose administered less frequently did not meet non-inferiority for maintaining hemoglobin levels compared to iron sucrose administered more frequently.

PMID:34470831 | DOI:10.2215/CJN.03850321

Saudi Med J. 2021 Sep;42(9):994-1001. doi: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.9.20210163.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prognostic value of serum presepsin value in community-acquired pneumonia focal sepsis using sepsis-3 criteria and its relationship with other biomarkers and clinical severity scores.

METHODS: For this prospective observational study, 176 patients above 18 years old, diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia, pneumonia focal sepsis and septic shock were included. It was performed in a tertiary hospital between May 2020 and December 2020. Blood samples were obtained from patients for presepsin levels at the time of diagnosis in the emergency room. The serum presepsin levels of 3 groups were statistically compared with each other.

RESULTS: The sepsis group had significantly higher serum presepsin levels than the pneumonia group (p=0.004).The septic shock group had serum presepsin levels than sepsis group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.25). Non survivor patients had significantly higher serum presepsin levels than survivors (p=0.001). Significant correlation determined between serum presepsin level and procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, lactate, pneumonia severity index, and quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA).

CONCLUSION: Serum presepsin level is a new biomarker that can be used an indicator of sepsis and mortality in community-acquired pneumonia. However, for determining the prognosis of sepsis, there was no superiority detected over other biomarkers and clinical severity scores.

PMID:34470838 | DOI:10.15537/smj.2021.42.9.20210163

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Sep 7;118(36):e2113732118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2113732118.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:34470827 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2113732118

J Rheumatol. 2021 Sep 1:jrheum.210046. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.210046. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to study the importance of baseline Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking and alcohol consumption (AC) for disease activity (DA) over one year in early axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), stratified by sex.

METHODS: In the SPondyloArthritis Caught Early cohort (patients with chronic back pain for ≥3 months, ≤2 years and onset <45 years), ASDAS was recorded at inclusion, 3 and 12 months. All patients included in the analysis had axSpA based on a high physician’s level of confidence at baseline. Differences in ASDAS over 1 year by BMI (normal <25, overweight 25-29.9, obese ≥30 kg/m²), smoking history (never/previous/current) and AC (none, 0.1-2, 3-5, ≥6 units/week) at baseline were estimated using mixed linear regression models.

RESULTS: There were 344 subjects (mean age 30 years; 49% men). In women, obesity was associated with 0.60 (95% CL 0.28, 0.91) higher ASDAS compared to normal BMI. In both sexes, AC tended to be associated with lower DA over one year, with a significant association only in women with the highest AC (mean difference -0.55 (96% CL-1.05, -0.04). Smoking was associated with higher ASDAS over one year compared to never smoking in both sexes, albeit the difference reached statistical significance only in female former smokers. Results were similar in multivariable analysis, adjusted for all lifestyle factors and other confounders.

CONCLUSION: In early axSpA, BMI and smoking are associated with higher DA over one year, and AC with lower DA. The magnitude of the modest associations may differ between men and women.

PMID:34470793 | DOI:10.3899/jrheum.210046

J Rheumatol. 2021 Sep 1:jrheum.210476. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.210476. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The patient experience of gout flares is multidimensional with several contributing factors, including pain intensity, duration and frequency. There is currently no consistent method for reporting gout flare burden in long-term studies. This study aimed to determine which factors contribute to patient perceptions of treatment efficacy in long-term studies of gout flare prevention.

METHODS: This study involved face-to-face interviews with people with gout using visual representations of gout flare patterns. Participants were shown different flare scenarios over a hypothetical 6-month treatment period portraying varying flare frequency, pain intensity and flare duration. The participants were asked to indicate and discuss which scenario they believed was most indicative of successful treatment over time. Quantitative data relating to the proportion of participants selecting each scenario were reported using descriptive statistics. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to code and categorize the data from the interview transcripts.

RESULTS: Twenty-two people with gout participated in the semi-structured interviews. All three factors of pain intensity, flare duration and flare frequency influenced participants’ perception of treatment efficacy. However, a shorter flare duration was the most common indicator of successful treatment, with half of participants (n = 11, 50%) selecting the scenario with a shorter flare duration over those with less painful flares.

CONCLUSION: Flare duration, flare frequency, and pain severity are all considered by patients with gout when considering treatment efficacy over time. Long term studies of gout should ideally capture all of these factors to better represent patients’ experience of treatment success.

PMID:34470799 | DOI:10.3899/jrheum.210476