Tag: pubmed

J Pediatr Nurs. 2025 Nov 17;86:191-198. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.015. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pediatric oncology/hematology nurses frequently witness the suffering and death of children, placing them at high risk for secondary traumatic stress. Self-compassion has emerged as a protective factor against psychological distress in healthcare professionals.

METHODS: This descriptive correlational study included 115 nurses in pediatric oncology/hematology units at six hospitals in three major cities. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and multiple inferential statistical methods.

RESULTS: Nurses reported moderate levels of secondary traumatic stress and self-compassion. A significant negative correlation was found between the total self-compassion scale and secondary traumatic stress scale scores (r = -0.46, indicating a moderate negative correlation, p < 0.01). Subscales of self-kindness, mindfulness, and common humanity were negatively associated with secondary traumatic stress. At the same time, self-judgment and isolation were positively correlated. Multiple regression analysis showed that self-compassion explained a significant portion of variance in secondary traumatic stress scores (R² = 0.31, indicating that 31 % of the variance was explained, p < 0.001).

DISCUSSION: The findings suggest that higher self-compassion, particularly self-kindness and mindfulness, may buffer nurses against the adverse effects of secondary trauma. Conversely, self-critical attitudes may heighten vulnerability. These results highlight pediatric oncology nurses’ emotional burden and underscore the importance of psychological support.

CONCLUSION: Promoting self-compassion may help reduce secondary traumatic stress and improve well-being among pediatric oncology/hematology nurses. Interventions focused on self-compassion training could serve as a sustainable strategy to support nurses’ mental health and care quality.

PMID:41252766 | DOI:10.1016/j.pedn.2025.11.015

Psychol Rep. 2025 Nov 18:332941251399139. doi: 10.1177/00332941251399139. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present study was to create a shorter and contemporary version of the Jackson Career Explorer (JCE), titled “The JCE Mini”. Utilizing archival data of people who had completed the JCE (N = 3105), half of the sample was used to develop shorter, three-item scales, and the second half was used to validate the shorter measure (102 items) with additional self-report responses. The JCE Mini showed good internal consistency for most scales and good convergent validity with other career inventories. Correlations with a personality measure were consistent with previous research of the full JCE. In Study 2, a new scale was created to assess an interest in technological careers to improve the JCE Mini’s relevance to the current job market by testing six new items. In addition, we tested 20 new items in nine scales that were updated to reflect changes in the workplace and improve the psychometrics of the scales. The new sample (N = 609) completed 102 items from the JCE Mini of Study 1 and 26 new items. Results suggest that the new JCE Mini, consisting of 105 items that assess 28 work roles or specific careers (one more than the original JCE), and seven work styles demonstrate good internal consistencies for the scales and good convergent validity.

PMID:41252756 | DOI:10.1177/00332941251399139

Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2025 Nov 18:tpmd250211. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0211. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa has stagnated despite widespread adoption of control measures such as long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Progress has stalled, in part, because of pyrethroid insecticide resistance, driving the need for retooling to increase the effectiveness of bed nets. Consequently, LLINs have been treated with the chemical synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Piperonyl butoxide LLINs have been shown to be efficacious in controlled settings; however, their effectiveness in real-world settings warrants investigation. In Bungoma County, Western Kenya, a cohort of 768 participants was followed from June 2017 to December 2023 via active and passive surveillance. Household visits were conducted monthly, during which LLIN use for nets distributed in 2017 and 2021 was recorded, and symptomatic malaria cases were identified using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). The comparative effectiveness of PBO versus conventional LLINs was assessed in terms of malaria infections. A multilevel logistic regression model was fit with monthly RDT results as the dependent variable. The study results indicate that PBO LLINs provide greater protection against malaria at the individual level than conventional LLINs (odds ratio: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.47-1.03), although the findings were not statistically significant. The added protection against malaria infections provided by PBO LLINs compared with conventional LLINs observed in the current study aligns with findings from most previous studies, although this finding was not statistically significant. In areas with documented pyrethroid resistance, the use of LLINs with an added synergist, such as PBO, can provide additional protection against malaria infections (compared with pyrethroid-only LLINs) and should be considered for scaled-up scenarios despite the additional cost.

PMID:41252747 | DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.25-0211

Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2025 Nov 18:tpmd250482. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.25-0482. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Mass azithromycin distribution has been shown to reduce all-cause child mortality in several settings in the Sahel by 14-18%. A trial in Niger found that mass azithromycin distribution to children ages 1-59 months old reduced cause-specific mortality because of malaria, dysentery, meningitis, and pneumonia. However, this study was done in the absence of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC). Here, we assess the effect of mass azithromycin distribution on cause-specific child mortality in a setting receiving SMC. The Child Health with Azithromycin Treatment trial was a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 341 communities in Nouna District, Burkina Faso. Eligible children (ages 1-59 months old) received a single oral 20-mg/kg dose of azithromycin or matching placebo. Six rounds of distribution occurred over a 36-month period. An enumerative census was conducted during each twice-yearly distribution, during which vital status for all children in the community was collected. Verbal autopsy was performed to assess cause of death. Of 1,086 deaths recorded in the trial, verbal autopsy results were available for 992 (91%). The most common causes of death were infectious, including malaria (34%), diarrhea (24%), and pneumonia (9%). Children living in communities receiving azithromycin had significant reduction in malaria mortality (incidence rate ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50-0.90; P = 0.008). Other infectious causes of mortality, including diarrhea and pneumonia, were lower in communities receiving azithromycin but were not statistically significantly different. Mass azithromycin distribution for child mortality has benefits in the context of SMC for reducing mortality, including for malaria mortality.

PMID:41252743 | DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.25-0482

J Gerontol Nurs. 2025 Nov 19:1-7. doi: 10.3928/00989134-20251112-02. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To describe a model of nurse-led age-friendly care in the acute care setting and associated processes and outcomes aligned with the 4Ms Framework.

METHOD: We implemented the Supporting Older Adults at Risk Model-a novel model of care that includes primary care geriatric nurse practitioner co-management and AGS CoCare^®:HELP-and used descriptive statistics to evaluate outcomes aligned with each of the 4Ms: What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility.

RESULTS: Advance care planning conversations were documented for 81% of the selected sample, resulting in subsequent family meetings and goal-concordant care. Beers Criteria^® and anticholinergic medications were identified and reduced. Mobility goals were identified for 100% of the selected sample and mobility was maintained or improved for 46%. Addressing mentation was done in alignment with What Matters.

CONCLUSION: Nurses are well-positioned to lead age-friendly care and drive optimal outcomes in the acute care setting, especially considering the geriatrician workforce shortage.

PMID:41252722 | DOI:10.3928/00989134-20251112-02

Chem Soc Rev. 2025 Nov 18. doi: 10.1039/d4cs00375f. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Single-molecule sensors are pivotal tools for elucidating chemical and biological phenomena. Among these, quantum tunnelling sensors occupy a unique position, due to the exceptional sensitivity of tunnelling currents to sub-ångström variations in molecular structure and electronic states. This capability enables simultaneous sub-nanometre spatial resolution and sub-millisecond temporal resolution, allowing direct observation of dynamic processes that remain concealed in ensemble measurements. This review outlines the fundamental principles of electron tunnelling through molecular junctions and highlights the development of key experimental architectures, including mechanically controllable break junctions and scanning tunnelling microscopy-based approaches. Applications in characterising molecular conformation, supramolecular binding, chemical reactivity, and biomolecular function are critically examined. Furthermore, we discuss recent methodological advances in data interpretation, particularly the integration of statistical learning and machine learning techniques to enhance signal classification and improve throughput. This review highlights the transformative potential of quantum-tunnelling-based single-molecule sensors to advance our understanding of molecular-scale mechanisms and to guide the rational design of functional molecular devices and diagnostic platforms.

PMID:41252716 | DOI:10.1039/d4cs00375f

J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2025 Nov 18. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000001774. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy associated with substantial maternal morbidity and long-term cardiovascular risk, but the consistency of echocardiographic remodeling remains unclear. We conducted a mega-meta-analysis of left ventricular function and geometry, enabled by a large language model based suite of tools. A PROSPERO-registered review (CRD420251109103) searched PubMed, Scopus, and Embase without date limits. Synthesa AI screened more than 18,000 abstracts, extracted data, assessed risk of bias, and generated Bayesian analytic code, with all outputs validated by human reviewers. Seventy-five studies including met eligibility criteria. Preeclampsia was associated with a small but statistically significant reduction in ejection fraction (mean difference -0.87%, 95% CrI -1.58 to -0.16) and a clinically meaningful impairment in global longitudinal strain (-3.08%, 95% CrI -4.13 to -2.06). Left ventricular mass index was substantially higher in the preeclampsia group (+13.10 g/m2, 95% CrI 10.06 to 16.21), as was relative wall thickness (+0.062, 95% CrI 0.042 to 0.081), whereas fractional shortening showed no significant difference (-0.60%, 95% CrI -2.15 to +0.86). Moderator analyses revealed that BMI and parity significantly influenced strain, while gestational age at diagnosis accounted for nearly all variance in ventricular mass. This mega-meta-analysis defines a remodeling phenotype of preserved ejection fraction, impaired strain, and hypertrophic adaptation consistent with subclinical systolic dysfunction. Equally, it demonstrates the transformative role of LLM-based tools, showing that evidence syntheses of this magnitude can be automated, scaled, and standardized in ways previously unattainable.

PMID:41252711 | DOI:10.1097/FJC.0000000000001774

Clin Exp Dent Res. 2025 Dec;11(6):e70167. doi: 10.1002/cre2.70167.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the survival rate of implants placed in grafted edentulous maxillary arches following a delayed loading protocol versus a graftless approach with an immediate loading protocol.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty seven patients with atrophic edentulous maxillae were included in two groups: Group-1 (GG group, n = 155 implants): 26 patients that underwent maxillary bone grafting before treatment with axially placed delayed loading implants and provided with a fixed full-arch prostheses; Group-2 (GL group; n = 244 implants): 61 patients who received axial and tilted implants without bone augmentation followed by an immediately loaded fixed full-arch prostheses. Patients were followed up for up to 10 years. Kaplan-Meier and Mantel-Cox analyses were performed to determine implant survival rates, and a Cox hazards model was run to assess the influence of patient, implant, and prosthesis-based covariates.

RESULTS: There were no significant differences in implant failure rates between the two treatment groups (p = 0.298). Five implant failures were observed in Group-1 (GG group) and four failures were observed in Group-2 (GL group) (N = 9). Survival rate was 96.8% and 98.4% in the GG and GL groups, respectively. No significant association between patient and implant-based covariates and implant failure was observed in both groups; however, a significant association was observed regarding the nature of the opposing arch (p = 0.019).

CONCLUSION: Immediately loaded implants placed in maxillary native bone show statistically similar survival rates compared to implants placed in grafted bone following a delayed loading. The nature of the opposing arch may negatively influence the survival rate of dental implants.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: For atrophic edentulous maxillae, both grafted and graftless approach may represent a viable treatment modality in the long term.

PMID:41252708 | DOI:10.1002/cre2.70167

Clin Exp Dent Res. 2025 Dec;11(6):e70221. doi: 10.1002/cre2.70221.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Evidence on biological, technical, and esthetic outcomes following dental implant treatment in the anterior maxilla after traumatic tooth loss is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the survival, esthetic, and patient-reported outcome measures of implant treatment in the anterior maxilla after up to 9 years of functional loading.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted at Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark. Patients who underwent implant treatment for anterior maxillary tooth loss due to trauma between 2007 and 2019, with at least 1 year of functional loading, were recalled for clinical and radiographic follow-up.

RESULTS: In total, 56 implants in 49 patients were included. The mean follow-up period was 4.2 years (range 1-9.5 years). Implant and superstructure survival rates were 100%. Between baseline and the latest follow-up, there was no statistically significant change in radiographic crestal bone level, but a statistically significant improvement in papilla index. Although not significant, soft tissue texture appeared to improve, while slight soft tissue discoloration was observed in most patients, but remained unchanged from baseline to follow-up. Crown esthetics generally declined from baseline to follow-up, although not significantly. Correlation analysis indicated an association between esthetic outcomes and several variables, such as age, gender, number of lost teeth, type of bone defect, and complications before loading. In total, 14% of implants exhibited crown infraposition at follow-up. No predictive factors for crown infraposition could be identified. Patient-reported outcome measures generally revealed satisfaction with the treatment results.

CONCLUSIONS: The present study found that the biological, technical, and esthetic outcomes of dental implant treatment in the anterior maxilla following traumatic tooth loss are, in general, stable and satisfactory to both clinician and patient. To achieve optimal results in these complex cases, interdisciplinary treatment planning is essential.

PMID:41252690 | DOI:10.1002/cre2.70221

West Afr J Med. 2025 Jun 30;42(6):466-473.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Serum biomarkers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), have been proposed to accurately assess stroke severity and prognosis. However, there is limited published data on their potential role in resource-limited settings where the stroke burden is highest.

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to determine the predictive value of the serum level of GFAP in assessing the severity and functional outcome of acute stroke.

METHOD: This prospective cohort study recruited forty consecutively presenting stroke subjects each for both ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife with forty apparently healthy controls. Serum concentrations of GFAP were measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays, and the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software with significance at p<0.05.

RESULT: The median serum GFAP levels among apparently healthy controls, ischaemic stroke group and the ICH group at admission were 18.04 pg/ml, 24.10 pg/ml, and 33.33 pg/ml respectively. At admission, there was a significant difference in the median serum GFAP level in the ICH and apparently healthy control group as well as in the ischaemic stroke group and apparently healthy control group (p = 0.001). The study found no significant correlation between admission NIHSS and serum GFAP levels in both the ischaemic stroke group and the ICH group. In the ICH group, there was an inverse correlation between median serum GFAP level at day 7 and Barthel index at day 7 (p = 0.021) and day 30 (p = 0.001), but a positive correlation with modified Rankin score at day 30 (p = 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The study found that routine screening for serum GFAP level at admission in ischaemic stroke and ICH does not predict acute stroke severity and does not correlate with functional outcomes. However, Serum GFAP level at day 7 correlated with 30-day functional outcomes for ICH and its usefulness may be explored further in larger studies.

PMID:41252688