Tag: pubmed

Nat Commun. 2021 Sep 1;12(1):5217. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25282-3.

ABSTRACT

Lethal hit delivery by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) towards B lymphoma cells occurs as a binary, “yes/no” process. In non-hematologic solid tumors, however, CTL often fail to kill target cells during 1:1 conjugation. Here we describe a mechanism of “additive cytotoxicity” by which time-dependent integration of sublethal damage events, delivered by multiple CTL transiting between individual tumor cells, mediates effective elimination. Reversible sublethal damage includes perforin-dependent membrane pore formation, nuclear envelope rupture and DNA damage. Statistical modeling reveals that 3 serial hits delivered with decay intervals below 50 min discriminate between tumor cell death or survival after recovery. In live melanoma lesions in vivo, sublethal multi-hit delivery is most effective in interstitial tissue where high CTL densities and swarming support frequent serial CTL-tumor cell encounters. This identifies CTL-mediated cytotoxicity by multi-hit delivery as an incremental and tunable process, whereby accelerating damage magnitude and frequency may improve immune efficacy.

PMID:34471116 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-25282-3

Dent Mater J. 2021 Sep 2. doi: 10.4012/dmj.2021-102. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) was synthesized from abalone mussel shells (Haliotis asinina) using a precipitation method, and gel HA-Abalone was developed using the carbomer materials with concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%. The specimens used were 25 freshly extracted caries-free premolar teeth, and the treatment was done twice a day for 14 days. Gel HA-Abalone 20 wt%, with a crystallite size of 14.70±1.21 nm, was the best concentration to achieve the best remineralization (~863 VHN) of the superficial layer. Based on the results of cell viability assay on gel HA-Abalone 20 wt%, the growth of NIH/3T3 cells was inhibited beginning at a gel concentration of 1,000 µg/mL, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value was 1,497 µg/mL. Based on to the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the result reflected statistically significant differences in the average of the cell viability and enamel surface microhardness values (p<0.05).

PMID:34471039 | DOI:10.4012/dmj.2021-102

Dent Mater J. 2021 Sep 2. doi: 10.4012/dmj.2021-111. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This review aims to evaluate whether the etch-and-rinse or self-etch mode is the better protocol for dentin adhesion by universal adhesives. A total of 15 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Two reviewers performed a literature search up to October 2020in four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Without considering the difference in aging mode, the analysis of the immediate and long-term bond strength of dentin showed that there was no statistical significance between the etch-and-rinse and self-etch mode of universal adhesive, and the long-term bond strength decreased relative to the immediate. In vitro studies suggest that prior acid etching did not improve bond performance. Whether from the perspective of long-term bonding performance or simplifying operating procedures, the self-etch mode is preferred.

PMID:34471040 | DOI:10.4012/dmj.2021-111

J Oral Sci. 2021 Sep 2. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0265. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate masticatory performance (MP), maximum occlusal force (MOF), maximum tongue pressure (MTP) and oral diadochokinesis (ODK) among community-dwelling elderly patients without posterior occlusal support.

METHODS: This study enrolled community-dwelling elderly patients (≥65 years old) who belonged to Eichner A, B4, C1, C2, and C3. Each oral function was statistically compared among groups. Correlations between MP and other variables were examined in Eichner B4 and C patients.

RESULTS: MP and MOF values in Eichner B4 and C patients were significantly lower than in Eichner A patients. There were significant differences in MTP values between Eichner “A and C2, C3”, and “B4 and C2, C3”. ODK in Eichner C patients showed significantly lower values compared to Eichner A patients in general. Although there were statistically significant correlations of MP with age, the number of remaining teeth and all oral functions were identified, and multiple regression analysis indicated that MOF and MTP were independently related to MP.

CONCLUSION: Oral functions in Eichner B4 and C patients were lower compared to Eichner A patients. MP was significantly correlated with MOF and MTP in elderly patients without posterior occlusal support, suggesting the importance of rehabilitation of MOF and MTP in MP.

PMID:34470988 | DOI:10.2334/josnusd.21-0265

Med Mycol J. 2021;62(3):63-65. doi: 10.3314/mmj.21-00006.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dermoscopy is a new method to diagnose and manage nail disorders. The definite dermoscopic finding for onychomycosis, however, is still debatable.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the dermoscopic features that help differentiate between onychomycosis (OM) and traumatic onychodystrophy (TOD).

METHODS: A prospective study of 65 patients with toenail abnormalities was conducted. The patients were classified into OM and TOD groups using mycological tests (potassium hydroxide test, fungal culture, and histological examination). OM was diagnosed from positive results for all tests, while TOD was decided based on negative results for all tests and evidence of foot trauma. Dermoscopic features were recorded and compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: Most patients of the 65 patients were female (72.3%), and had a mean age of 67.9 years. Twenty-seven patients (41.5%) were diagnosed with OM, all of which were distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis. TOD, on the other hand, was determined in 38 patients. Dermoscopic findings revealed that the yellow, clumping, sulphur-nugget-like debris in the ruin appearance was significantly associated with onychomycosis (p = 0.002), while ruin appearance without sulphur nugget was not statistically correlated with onychomycosis (p = 0.068).

CONCLUSION: The presence of sulphur nuggets in the ruin appearance is a new and helpful dermoscopic feature for onychomycosis diagnosis.

PMID:34471037 | DOI:10.3314/mmj.21-00006

Saudi Med J. 2021 Sep;42(9):1017-1023. doi: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.9.20210281.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate risk factors associated with 31-day unplanned readmission(s) for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in China.

METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled patients (age, >14 years) with pulmonary TB who experienced 31-day unplanned readmissions to a specialized hospital for TB between January 2018 and December 2019. For each confirmed readmission, 2 control subjects were randomly selected from among patients with pulmonary TB but did not experience an unplanned readmission within 31 days.

RESULTS: A total of 402 pulmonary TB patients (5.9%) experienced unplanned readmission within 31 days after discharge. In univariate analysis, readmission was associated with gender, age, insurance coverage, residing in a rural area, active smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), drug-induced hepatitis, and leaving hospital against medical advice. The final logistic regression model revealed that higher risks for unplanned readmissions were associated with male gender (odds ratio [OR] 1.44, [95% confidence interval (CI) : 1.06-1.95]), age >65 years (OR 2.94, 95%CI: 2.03-4.27), rural residence (OR 8.86, 95%CI: 6.61-11.87), active smoking (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.37-3.40), COPD (OR 2.77, 95%CI: 1.59-4.81), and leaving hospital against physician advice (OR 4.11, 95%CI: 1.43-11.83). The median time to 31-day unplanned readmission was 24 days. Major reasons for unplanned readmission included fever, exacerbation of dyspnea, and hemoptysis.

CONCLUSION: Unplanned readmission for pulmonary TB within 31 days of discharge was higher among older males residing in rural areas, active smokers, and those leaving hospital against medical advice.

PMID:34470841 | DOI:10.15537/smj.2021.42.9.20210281

J Oral Sci. 2021 Sep 2. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0044. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of some whitening toothpastes on the surface roughness and coloration susceptibility of a composite resin, as well as their whitening effectiveness.

METHODS: This study was carried out in two different stages. In experiment A, samples were divided into 7 subgroups to compare the surface roughness and coloration susceptibility of the composite resin: distilled water, conventional toothpaste, and 5 different whitening toothpastes. In experiment B, samples were divided into 8 subgroups to compare the whitening effectiveness of the whitening toothpastes: conventional toothpaste, 5 other whitening toothpastes, and two bleaching groups. After toothbrushing simulation, the color and surface roughness of the samples were measured. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance, paired t-test and Tukey post-hoc test (α = 0.05).

RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences among the surface roughness values for the groups for any period before and after brushing (P > 0.05). In terms of the coloration susceptibility of the composite resin and the whitening effects of the toothpastes, no statistically significant differences were evident among the groups for any period before and after brushing (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that effective toothbrushing is more important than the type of toothpaste employed.

PMID:34470987 | DOI:10.2334/josnusd.21-0044

Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021 Sep 1:CJN.03850321. doi: 10.2215/CJN.03850321. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Background and objectives Whether iron supplementation in hemodialysis patients could be delivered by less-frequent but higher single doses compared to the currently more common higher-frequency schedules of lower single iron doses is unknown. Design, setting, participants, and measurements We carried out an open label randomized, controlled non-inferiority trial over 40 weeks in prevalent hemodialysis patients (n=142). We administered in total two grams of iron as 100 mg iron sucrose biweekly in a continuous (20 x 100 mg) or 500 mg ferric carboxymaltose every 10 weeks in a periodic (4 x 500 mg) fashion. Primary endpoint was the change in hemoglobin at week 40 from baseline with a non-inferiority margin of -0.8 g/dl. Secondary endpoints were changes in ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation and erythropoiesis stimulating agent use. Results 108 patients completed the study. At 40 weeks hemoglobin changed by -0.27 g/dl (95% CI: -0.64 to 0.09) in the iron sucrose arm and by -0.74 g/dl (95% CI: -1.1 to -0.39) in the ferric carboxymaltose arm compared to baseline. Non-inferiority was not established in the per-protocol population as hemoglobin changes compared to baseline differed by -0.47 g/dl (95% CI: -0.95 to 0.01) in the ferric carboxymaltose compared to the iron sucrose arm. Proportional changes from baseline to week 40 differed by -31% (98.3% CI: -52 to -0.1) for ferritin, by 1% (98.3% CI: -7 to 10) for transferrin and by -27% (98.3% CI: -39 to -13) for transferrin saturation in the ferric carboxymaltose compared to the iron sucrose arm. Erythropoiesis stimulating agent dosing did not differ between groups. The overall number of adverse events was similar; however, more infections were observed in the iron sucrose arm. Conclusions An equal cumulative dose of ferric carboxymaltose administered less frequently did not meet non-inferiority for maintaining hemoglobin levels compared to iron sucrose administered more frequently.

PMID:34470831 | DOI:10.2215/CJN.03850321

Saudi Med J. 2021 Sep;42(9):994-1001. doi: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.9.20210163.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prognostic value of serum presepsin value in community-acquired pneumonia focal sepsis using sepsis-3 criteria and its relationship with other biomarkers and clinical severity scores.

METHODS: For this prospective observational study, 176 patients above 18 years old, diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia, pneumonia focal sepsis and septic shock were included. It was performed in a tertiary hospital between May 2020 and December 2020. Blood samples were obtained from patients for presepsin levels at the time of diagnosis in the emergency room. The serum presepsin levels of 3 groups were statistically compared with each other.

RESULTS: The sepsis group had significantly higher serum presepsin levels than the pneumonia group (p=0.004).The septic shock group had serum presepsin levels than sepsis group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.25). Non survivor patients had significantly higher serum presepsin levels than survivors (p=0.001). Significant correlation determined between serum presepsin level and procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, lactate, pneumonia severity index, and quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA).

CONCLUSION: Serum presepsin level is a new biomarker that can be used an indicator of sepsis and mortality in community-acquired pneumonia. However, for determining the prognosis of sepsis, there was no superiority detected over other biomarkers and clinical severity scores.

PMID:34470838 | DOI:10.15537/smj.2021.42.9.20210163

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Sep 7;118(36):e2113732118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2113732118.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:34470827 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2113732118