Tag: pubmed

BMC Oral Health. 2025 Aug 9;25(1):1310. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06701-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Orodental anomalies encompass a range of dental conditions affecting tooth number, morphology, and eruption patterns. Among these, supernumerary teeth (hyperdontia) are of particular clinical significance due to their potential to disrupt occlusion, eruption, and alignment. This study aimed to (i) determine the prevalence of orodental anomalies, (ii) characterize the radiographic features of supernumerary teeth, and (iii) assess the associations of supernumerary teeth with other dental anomalies in a Thai population using panoramic radiographs.

METHODS: A retrospective review of 2,925 panoramic radiographs (PRs) was conducted to identify and classify orodental anomalies, both developmental and acquired, with emphasis on supernumerary teeth. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression models. Inter- and intra-observer agreement was evaluated using Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient.

RESULTS: Orodental anomalies were observed in 56.0% of individuals. The most common anomaly was tooth impaction (37.4%), followed by periapical radiolucency (13.5%) and hypodontia (5.1%). Supernumerary teeth were identified in 1.2% of cases, most frequently as single (76.7%), unerupted (70%), and supplemental-type teeth (76.7%), predominantly located in the mandibular parapremolar region (50%). Significant bivariate associations were found between supernumerary teeth and both microdontia (p = 0.001) and tooth impaction (p < 0.002). However, these associations were not statistically significant in multivariable analyses after adjusting for gender.

CONCLUSION: The study identified a range of orodental anomalies in the Thai population using panoramic radiographs, with tooth impaction being the highest prevalent orodental anomaly. The study also focused on characterizing the supernumerary teeth, which were significantly associated with other anomalies such as impaction and microdontia in bivariate analysis, though this association was not confirmed by logistic regression. Despite this, the observed co-occurrence highlights the need for thorough radiographic evaluation in cases presenting with eruption disturbances or tooth size anomalies. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating anomaly screening in routine dental radiography and warrant multicenter investigations for broader generalizability.

PMID:40783701 | DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-06701-z

BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2025 Aug 9;25(1):594. doi: 10.1186/s12872-025-05069-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Regular intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin every two to four weeks is a critical and cost-effective secondary prevention strategy for reducing morbidity and mortality from rheumatic heart disease (RHD), particularly in resource-limited settings like Ethiopia. However, there is limited evidence of adherence to this prophylaxis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess adherence to benzathine penicillin prophylaxis used for secondary prevention and its associated factors among patients with RHD attending follow-up clinics at two public referral hospitals in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 346 patients with RHD attending the follow-up clinic at Tibebe Ghion and Felege Hiwot specialized hospitals from October 1st, 2023 to January 20, 2024. Data was collected through questionnaire-based face-to-face interviews and a review of medical records. The data was entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with good adherence to benzathine penicillin prophylaxis. Adjusted odds ratio at a p-value of less than 0.05 was used to assess the strength of the statistical association.

RESULTS: Among 346 patients with RHD (97% response rate), the study found an overall adherence rate of 63.6% (95% CI, 58.6-68.8) to benzathine penicillin G (BPG) prophylaxis. Factors associated with good adherence included mild to moderate pain at the injection site (AOR = 2.44; 95% CI 1.45-4.09), good awareness of the purpose of BPG (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI, 1.11-3.59), urban residence of patients (AOR = 3.58, 95% CI 1.99-6.41), prophylaxis duration of ≤ 5 years (AOR = 4.15, 95% CI 1.58-10.88), prophylaxis duration 5-10 years (AOR = 3.83, 95% CI 1.32-11.13), and no history of admission in the last year (AOR = 3.05; 95% CI 1.67-5.54).

CONCLUSIONS: The level of good adherence in this study is sub-optimal. Factors positively associated with adherence included urban residence, mild to moderate injection site pain, awareness of BPG purpose, shorter prophylaxis duration, and absence of recent hospital admissions. To improve adherence, healthcare providers should implement targeted patient education programs and adopt effective pain management strategies as part of routine follow-up care.

PMID:40783693 | DOI:10.1186/s12872-025-05069-w

BMC Cancer. 2025 Aug 9;25(1):1294. doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-14668-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are medications used in cancer immunotherapy. However, treatment with ICIs may lead to adverse effects, particularly myocarditis and pericarditis. This practical pharmacovigilance study investigates the relationship between ICIs and myocarditis and pericarditis using the FAERS (U.S. FDA Adverse Event Reporting System) database.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data on myocarditis and pericarditis related to ICIs were extracted from the FAERS database for the period from 2014Q1 to 2023Q4. Data mining was performed using the Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) and the Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR).

RESULTS: A total of 1112 cases involving 1134 adverse event (AE) reports related to ICIs-associated noninfectious myocarditis/pericarditis (NM/P) were extracted from the FAERS database. After excluding reports with missing data, the primary reporters were physicians, consumers, and pharmacists, with the United States and Japan being the main reporting countries. The cases showed a greater percentage of males than females, with a median age of 67 years, a median weight of 65 kg, and a median onset time of 28 days. The signal strength of ICIs-associated NM/P, from highest to lowest, was as follows: Pembrolizumab (ROR: 12.32, 95% CI: 11.28-13.45, IC 025: 3.45) > Nivolumab (ROR: 11.23, 95% CI: 10.13-12.44, IC 025: 3.30) > Atezolizumab (ROR: 10.62, 95% CI: 8.67-13.02, IC 025: 3.10) > Ipilimumab (ROR: 10.25, 95% CI: 8.34-12.58, IC 025: 3.04) > Durvalumab (ROR: 9.25, 95% CI: 7.21-11.88, IC 025: 2.83).

CONCLUSION: This study indicates that ICIs-associated NM/P significantly increases the mortality risk among cancer patients, particularly with the use of nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Strong signals for NM/P were observed with PD-1 inhibitors, pembrolizumab-based regimens, and the combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab. Additionally, a body weight of ≥ 75 kg and the use of nivolumab and ipilimumab may be potential significant risk factors for NM/P.

PMID:40783691 | DOI:10.1186/s12885-025-14668-x

BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2025 Aug 9;25(1):592. doi: 10.1186/s12872-025-05072-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: As a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases worldwide, hypertension novel biomarkers that integrate inflammatory and metabolic pathways may improve risk stratification. The association between the red cell distribution width-to-albumin ratio (RAR), a newly identified inflammatory biomarker, and hypertension has not been systematically evaluated in population-based studies.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study included 7,878 adults. Weighted multivariable logistic regression and threshold effect models were employed to analyze nonlinear associations, with subgroup analyses exploring heterogeneity.

RESULTS: RAR showed a linear positive association with hypertension (adjusted OR = 1.26 per unit, 95%CI:1.09-1.44, P < 0.05), a threshold effect was observed. Piecewise regression revealed a significant association when RAR ≥ 3.4, with a higher hypertension prevalence (adjusted OR = 1.34, 95%CI:1.17-1.54), while no association existed below 3.4 (P = 0.408). For those aged 40-60 years, the inflection point was RAR = 3.92 (95%CI:3.76-4.51), with stronger associations observed below this threshold (OR = 1.80, 95%CI:1.33-2.43). Subgroup analyses revealed significant heterogeneity: diabetics exhibited stronger associations than non-diabetics (interaction P = 0.02), and enhanced associations were also observed in females and individuals aged > 40 years.

CONCLUSION: This study confirmed a linear positive correlation between red blood cell distribution width and albumin ratio (RAR) and the prevalence of hypertension, RAR ≥ 3.4 was associated with higher hypertension prevalence and may help identify high-risk subgroups, particularly among diabetics, but its predictive value warrants validation through prospective cohort studies.

PMID:40783688 | DOI:10.1186/s12872-025-05072-1

BMC Cancer. 2025 Aug 9;25(1):1291. doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-14663-2.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Lipid metabolic reprogramming enables tumor cells to acquire malignant phenotypes, including enhanced proliferative capacity, migratory potential, and invasive properties. In cervical cancer, the precise pathobiological roles and molecular mechanisms of DHCR24 remain unclear.

METHODS: We performed comprehensive bioinformatics analyses to investigate the expression patterns, clinical relevance, and prognostic implications of DHCR24 in cervical carcinoma. A prognostic nomogram incorporating tumor stage and DHCR24 expression levels was developed to predict clinical outcomes in patients. Functional studies using SiHa cell lines were conducted to elucidate the oncogenic properties of DHCR24. We used a cholesterol kit to determine the cholesterol content in cervical cancer cells. Finally, we assessed the association between DHCR24 expression and tumor immune microenvironment characteristics through computational analysis of public genomic datasets.

RESULTS: Our analysis revealed significantly elevated DHCR24 expression in cervical carcinoma specimens, demonstrating statistically significant associations with histological subtype, body mass index (BMI), and therapeutic response (P < 0.05). Univariate and Multivariate Cox regression confirmed DHCR24 as an independent prognostic indicator for cervical cancer. The ROC analysis demonstrates that DHCR24 exhibits robust diagnostic performance for cervical cancer detection. Pharmacological inhibition of DHCR24 using U18666A markedly attenuated oncogenic behaviors, suppressing cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion compared to controls (P < 0.05). Notably, intracellular cholesterol levels exhibited a dose-dependent reduction corresponding to the extent of DHCR24 suppression.

CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesized that DHCR24 is involved in reprogramming lipid metabolism, especially the cholesterol pathway, to promote tumor progression in cervical cancer and correlates with the tumor-infiltrating immune microenvironment. DHCR24 is a biomarker that predicts the progression and prognosis of cervical cancer and is one of the potential targets for cervical cancer therapy.

PMID:40783686 | DOI:10.1186/s12885-025-14663-2

Biomech Model Mechanobiol. 2025 Aug 9. doi: 10.1007/s10237-025-01984-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has revolutionized the treatment of severe aortic stenosis, yet paravalvular leakage (PVL) remains a significant complication, associated with increased mortality. Clinical studies have identified correlations between PVL and both anatomical features and calcification patterns. Numerical simulations, particularly patient-specific models, offer valuable insights into PVL, but the limited scale of these studies hinders robust statistical analysis. This study introduces a novel in silico clinical trial (ISCT) framework to investigate the correlation between calcification severity, localization and PVL. For this purpose, a synthetic cohort of calcified aortic roots was generated. A conditional convolutional variational autoencoder was used to create calcification patterns for an existing virtual cohort of the aortic root. The workflow includes finite element analyses for pre-dilation and deployment simulations as well as computational fluid dynamic simulations for PVL calculations of 243 virtual TAVR patients. The results show that the absolute amount of calcification in the device landing zone has no significant influence, but its regional distribution does, especially in the combined leaflet regions. In addition, sinotubular junction diameter, annular eccentricity index, oversizing as well as the combination of aortic angle and calcification in the combined non and left coronary leaflet region influence the occurrence of PVL. This framework not only advances our understanding of PVL mechanisms but also demonstrates the potential of ISCT to complement traditional clinical studies, enabling systematic exploration of complex factors influencing TAVR outcomes.

PMID:40782312 | DOI:10.1007/s10237-025-01984-1

Ophthalmol Ther. 2025 Aug 9. doi: 10.1007/s40123-025-01220-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a prevalent exudative maculopathy; however, exact details of its incidence and a global estimate of its annual incidence are lacking. It is paramount to understand the details of the incidence of CSC when discussing its societal and personal impact, the impact of medicine shortages and initiatives for healthcare policies, and organization of retinal service.

METHODS: In this study, we systematically reviewed the literature on the incidence of CSC and performed meta-analyses to provide an age-stratified estimate of its incidence. By using population statistics from the United Nations Population Division, we were able to estimate the global and country-specific incidence of CSC in 2025 and forecast until 2050.

RESULTS: Seven eligible studies included a total of 324,954 new patients with CSC during their time of investigation. The summary estimate incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were 47.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 31.7-61.7) for individuals 30-39 years, 71.8 (95% CI 41.7-109.7) for individuals 40-49 years, 58.5 (95% CI 29.9-96.1) for individuals 50-59 years, and 36.2 (95% CI 16.8-62.6) for individuals 60-69 years. We confirmed male sex as a risk factor (odds ratio 2.73, P < 0.0001), and found that male individuals were significantly younger than female individuals at onset of CSC (average difference of 3.30 years, P < 0.0001). We estimated that in 2025, 1.97 million individuals globally will develop CSC, and that the incidence will increase to 2.03 million individuals in 2030, 2.30 million individuals in 2040, and 2.43 million individuals in 2050. The CSC incidence peaked between 40 and 49 years underscoring the significance in working-age individuals.

CONCLUSION: Numbers presented in this study highlight that CSC is one of the more prevalent maculopathies in our world and underscores the importance of education, research, and healthcare planning related to CSC.

PMID:40782298 | DOI:10.1007/s40123-025-01220-0

Dig Dis Sci. 2025 Aug 9. doi: 10.1007/s10620-025-09299-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a serious and sometimes life-threatening condition that can lead to complications like organ failure and infection. While early mobility has shown benefits in other hospital settings, its role in AP care remains underexplored. This study assessed the impact of a nurse-led early mobilization program on recovery in AP patients.

METHODS: A randomized controlled trial included 240 patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis, split equally between an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group received a nurse-led early mobilization plan within 24 h of admission, while the control group followed standard care, with mobilization delayed until clinical stabilization. Primary outcomes included the Barthel Index score for functional recovery, measured at discharge, while secondary outcomes included complications, satisfaction, and readmission rates. Analyses used multivariate regression and propensity score matching.

RESULTS: Patients who received early mobilization had significantly higher Barthel scores (mean = 75.84 vs. 65.5, p < 0.001). Although complication rates were lower in the intervention group (2.1% vs. 4.6%), the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.121). Patient satisfaction was notably higher in the intervention group (median = 8 vs. 7, p < 0.001). Readmission rates were slightly lower but not significant (0.4% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.313). Propensity score analysis supported these findings.

CONCLUSION: Nurse-led early mobilization appears to boost functional recovery and satisfaction in AP patients, with no added risks. These findings suggest early mobilization may be a valuable addition to standard AP care, warranting further research.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2000013176.

PMID:40782295 | DOI:10.1007/s10620-025-09299-y

Drugs Aging. 2025 Aug 9. doi: 10.1007/s40266-025-01241-1. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40782292 | DOI:10.1007/s40266-025-01241-1

Sports Med Open. 2025 Aug 9;11(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s40798-025-00898-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: School-based interventions aimed at improving physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep (i.e., 24-hour movement behaviours) are prevalent. However, the potential use of homework as an intervention method has been largely unexamined. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of school-based health interventions which implement homework to improve 24-hour movement behaviours in primary school-aged children, whilst examining the moderating effects of study characteristics on intervention effectiveness.

METHODS: We searched CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science on 4th March 2024 using the following eligibility criteria: (1) participants were aged 5-12 years old; (2) school-based interventions that implemented homework specifically designed to improve one or more 24-hour movement behaviours; (3) randomised- or non-randomised controlled trials, or mixed methods studies where quantitative components included experimental or quasi-experimental data that could be clearly extracted; (4) device-based measured changes in individual or combined 24-hour movement behaviours, or their compositions, were reported. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers with study quality rated using the NIH quality assessment tool. Random-effects meta-analyses were processed to compute standardised mean difference (Hedges’ g), with subgroup analyses, and meta-regressions also conducted.

RESULTS: From 2,281 studies, 19 studies involving 13,160 participants were included for data extraction. Meta-analyses revealed significant favourable association for school-based interventions which implemented homework for sleep outcomes (g = 1.06, p < 0.0001) and SB (g = -0.20, p = 0.0034). No significant effects of the interventions compared to controls were found for PA. Meta-regressions revealed that longer intervention durations significantly improved PA (counts per minute; β = 0.14, p = 0.0241), with no significant effects found for sleep or SB. Subgroup analyses showed significant effects of intervention on SB in RCT’s in both theory-based and non-theory-based studies, though differences between subgroups were not statistically significant. Effects varied between pre- and post-implementations of 24-hour movement guidelines on SB, but these differences were also not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: These results highlight a significant gap in school-based interventions implementing homework targeting all 24-hour movement behaviours, emphasising the need for future interventions to focus on reducing SB and improving sleep for more beneficial outcomes.

REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42024518271.

PMID:40782289 | DOI:10.1186/s40798-025-00898-7