Tag: pubmed

Parental incarceration and youth tobacco product use: Implications for prevention and the e-cigarette epidemic.

Addict Behav. 2020 Apr 03;107:106428

Authors: Parks MJ, Davis L, Wilhelm AK, McMorris BJ, Borowsky IW, Shlafer RJ

Abstract
PURPOSE: Youth smokers have high rates of adverse childhood experiences, and particularly parental incarceration (PI). In Minnesota, 16% of youth have experienced PI, but 55% of daily smokers report PI. However, no research has examined how PI relates to a range of tobacco products, which is critical considering the current e-cigarette epidemic. There is also limited research on protective factors for tobacco use among youth with PI.
METHODS: Data came from 2016 Minnesota Student Survey (N = 111,091); 85% of Minnesota schools participated. We assessed 30-day use of cigarettes, non-cigarette combustible products, smokeless products, e-cigarettes, and dual/poly use. Using descriptive statistics and logistic regressions, we compared use across current, previous, and no PI experience. We also tested how protective factors related to tobacco use.
RESULTS: Youth with current PI experience used all products with higher frequency compared to youth with previous and no PI experience. Use prevalence among youth with current PI were 26.0% (95% CI = 24.1, 27.8) for e-cigarettes, 20.8% (95% CI = 19.1, 22.5) for dual/poly use, 17.8% (95% CI = 16.2, 19.5) for cigarettes, 17.4% (95% CI = 15.8, 19.0) for combustible non-cigarettes, and 9.9% (95% CI = 8.6, 11.2) for smokeless products. Nearly all protective factors were significantly and negatively related to use of all products, regardless of PI experience.
CONCLUSIONS: Youth with PI experience are at high risk for using multiple tobacco products. These disparities were most pronounced for e-cigarettes, demonstrating the e-cigarette epidemic is disproportionately occurring among youth with current and previous PI experience. All examined protective factors buffer risks for this population of youth.

PMID: 32311626 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

Randomized sketches for kernel CCA.

Neural Netw. 2020 Apr 14;127:29-37

Authors: Lian H, Zhang F, Lu W

Abstract
Kernel canonical correlation analysis (KCCA) is a popular tool as a nonlinear extension of canonical correlation analysis. Consistency and optimal convergence rate have been established in the literature. However, the time complexity of KCCA scales as O(n3) and is thus prohibitive when n is large. We propose an m-dimensional randomized sketches approach for KCCA with m<<n, based on the recent work on randomized sketches for kernel ridge regression (KRR). Technically we establish our theoretical results relying on an interesting connection between KCCA and KRR by utilizing a novel “duality tracking” device that alternates between the infinite-dimensional operator-theory-based view of KCCA and the finite-dimensional kernel-matrix-based view.

PMID: 32311655 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

Identification and Management of Progressive Enhancement after Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases: Results from a Neurosurgical Survey.

World Neurosurg. 2020 Apr 17;:

Authors: Semonche A, Patel N, Yang I, Danish S

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: There is a lack of consensus regarding diagnosis, timing, and method of intervention for progressive enhancement on surveillance imaging after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatment of brain metastases. We sought to characterize current practices among neurosurgeons in identifying and treating infield tumor recurrence (TR) or radiation necrosis (RN) after SRS for brain metastases. MethodsVoluntary survey distributed electronically to pre-identified neurosurgeons. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis. Results120 participants completed the survey from 72 United States and 17 international centers. The majority (69.2%) agreed that growth over at least 2 surveillance scans spaced at least 90 days apart identified irreversible progression after SRS for brain metastases. Respondents were evenly divided on the need for tissue biopsy to distinguish between TR and RN. Preferred treatment modality and timeframe to initiate treatment of suspected RN differed among neurosurgeons based on SRS case volume for brain metastases (P=.002 and P=.02, respectively). Neurosurgeons who utilized magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) for brain metastases were more likely to prefer LITT for suspected RN whereas those with minimal LITT experience preferred steroids (P<0.0001). Neurosurgeons in the United States were more likely to prefer LITT for RN (37.3%) compared to international counterparts (0%).
CONCLUSION: Our survey of practicing neurosurgeons highlights areas of controversy in distinguishing between TR and RN and preferred management of suspected RN.

PMID: 32311550 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

Improvement of sudden cardiac death risk prediction by enhanced ACC/AHA strategy in Chinese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Heart Rhythm. 2020 Apr 17;:

Authors: Liu J, Wu G, Zhang C, Ruan J, Wang D, Zhang M, Wang L, Yang Y, Li X, Wang Y, Hui R, Zou Y, Kang L, Wang J, Song L

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The lack of validated and effective sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk prediction method is the biggest barrier to perform the lifesaving treatment of prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in Chinese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three existing SCD risk prediction methods, namely 2011 American College of Cardiology Foundation and American Heart Association (ACCF/AHA) guideline, 2014 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline and 2019 enhanced ACC/AHA strategy in Chinese patients with HCM.
METHODS: The present study consisted of 1369 consecutive adult HCM patients without a history of SCD events. The primary endpoint was a composite of SCD and equivalent events, namely resuscitation from cardiac arrest and appropriate ICD shock therapy for ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation.
RESULTS: During follow-up of 3.2±2.4 years, 39 patients reached SCD endpoints, among which 26 (66.7%) were correctly predicted as high-risk of SCD by 2019 enhanced ACC/AHA strategy, 20 (51.3%) by 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline, but only 5 (12.8%) by 2014 ESC guideline, prospectively. The 2019 enhanced ACC/AHA strategy showed higher C-statistics (0.647) for SCD prediction than 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline (0.598) and 2014 ESC guideline (0.605), and resulted in correct reclassification of SCD risk when compared with 2011 ACCF/AHA (Net Reclassification Index=0.113, P=0.074) and 2014 ESC guideline (Net Reclassification Index=0.245, P=0.038).
CONCLUSION: The 2019 enhanced ACC/AHA strategy showed better predictive performance for SCD risk stratification in Chinese HCM patients, with a notably high sensitivity.

PMID: 32311532 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

297 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search.
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These pubmed results were generated on 2020/04/18

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books.
Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

378 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search.
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These pubmed results were generated on 2020/04/17

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books.
Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

434 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search.
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These pubmed results were generated on 2020/04/16

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books.
Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

312 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search.
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These pubmed results were generated on 2020/04/15

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books.
Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Fracture Toughness Comparison of Three Indirect Composite Resins Using 4-Point Flexural Strength Method.

Eur J Dent. 2020 Apr 13;:

Authors: Moradi Z, Abbasi M, Khalesi R, Tabatabaei MH, Shahidi Z

Abstract
OBJECTIVES:  The advantages of indirect composite restorations such as less crack formation during their computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing process, compared with ceramic restorations, have resulted in their growing popularity. However, restoration failure is a major concern with regard to the long-term clinical success of restorations and may occur as the result of propagation of a crack originated from an internal flaw in the restoration. This study aimed to compare the fracture toughness of three indirect composite resins.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro experimental study, 10 specimens measuring 3 × 3 × 18 mm were fabricated of Gradia, Crios, and high impact polymer composite indirect composites. A single edge notch with a diameter < 0.3 mm and 0.3 mm length was created in the 9 mm longitudinal dimension of specimens using a no. 11 surgical scalpel. The specimens were then subjected to 4-point flexural strength test in a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.1 mm/s until failure.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:  Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s HSD (honestly significant difference) test. The statistical power was set at p ˂ 0.05.
RESULTS:  One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in fracture toughness of the three composite groups (p = 0.000). According to the Tukey HSD analysis, the fracture toughness of HIPC was significantly higher than that of the other two composites. The fracture toughness of Gradia was significantly lower among all.
CONCLUSIONS:  Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that high temperature-pressure polymerization can increase resistance to crack propagation and subsequently improve the clinical service of indirect composite restorations. Although we do not know the filler volume percentage of HIPC, it seems that filler volume percentage of the composite is inversely correlated with fracture toughness.

PMID: 32283561 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles

Update of the BEVQ-15, a beverage intake questionnaire for habitual beverage intake for adults: determining comparative validity and reproducibility.

J Hum Nutr Diet. 2020 Apr 13;:

Authors: Fausnacht AG, Myers EA, Hess EL, Davy BM, Hedrick VE

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The BEVQ-15 is a beverage intake questionnaire that estimates the habitual average daily intake of 15 beverage categories (kcal and fl oz), as well as total sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and total beverages. However, subsequent to its initial validation in 2010, it has not been updated. The present study aimed to assess the convergent validity and reproducibility of the updated form of the BEVQ-15 to better reflect current beverage consumption trends.
METHODS: The study population included adults (n = 50) aged ≥18 years, recruited from a local university community. Participation consisted of three laboratory visits within a 4-week period in which the updated BEVQ-15 was administered during the first and last visit and four 24-h dietary recalls were collected. BEVQ-15 modifications included removing limits of 60 fl oz per beverage, adding a nut milk category, and providing creamer and sweetener preferences for coffee/tea categories. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing reported beverage intake between the BEVQ-15 and dietary recalls. Reproducibility was assessed by comparing both BEVQ-15 administrations. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, Bland-Altman plots and Spearman’s correlations.
RESULTS: For validity, Bland-Altman plot agreement between the BEVQ-15 and recalls was in the range 92-96% for total SSB and total beverage intake. For reproducibility, all beverage categories, total SSB, and total beverage intake were significantly correlated between the two BEVQ-15 administrations (r = 0.41-0.85; P ≤ 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: This updated version of the BEVQ-15 demonstrated moderate convergent validity and reproducibility for total beverage consumption among well-educated southwest Virginia adults.

PMID: 32283572 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]