Tag: pubmed

Discov Oncol. 2025 Jun 12;16(1):1068. doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-02898-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most common malignancy of the respiratory tract after lung cancer, presents symptoms like hoarseness, sore throat, and dysphagia, and about 150,000 new cases are diagnosed worldwide annually. Risk factors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic variations, including TAS2R16 polymorphisms, significantly influence LSCC development. Recent research suggests TAS2R16, a bitter taste receptor, may play a role in inflammation regulation and could be linked to cancer susceptibility, particularly in individuals with alcohol and nicotine dependency.

METHODS: A total of 312 LSCC patients and 320 healthy controls participated in the study. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted using salting-out technology. Real time polymerase chain reaction was used for genotyping. Using the ELISA technique, serum levels were measured.

RESULTS: The distribution of TT, CT, and CC genotypes of TAS2R16 rs860170 is statistically significantly different in groups: LSCC patients, both early-stage and late-stage LSCC patients, patients without metastasis and control group. Results showed that TAS2R16 rs1357949 GG and AG genotypes together are associated with decreased odds of developing LSCC in non-smoking patients under the dominant model. Also, each rs1357949 G allele was found to decrease the odds of LSCC occurrence in non-smokers under the additive model. TAS2R16 serum levels in the LSCC were greater in TAS2R16 rs978739 CT genotype carriers than in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of TAS2R16 rs860170 genotypes varies notably between LSCC patients, including those at early and late stages, as well as those without metastasis. Additionally, rs1357949 GG and AG genotypes show a protective effect against LSCC development in non-smokers, with the G allele reducing the odds of occurrence. Higher serum levels of TAS2R16 were observed in LSCC patients with the rs978739 CT genotype, suggesting a potential link between these genetic variations and LSCC pathophysiology.

PMID:40504435 | DOI:10.1007/s12672-025-02898-1

Int Ophthalmol. 2025 Jun 12;45(1):241. doi: 10.1007/s10792-025-03614-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The repair of Lower eyelid defect is a medical challenge for plastic surgeons. Objective to investigate the clinical effect of repairing inferomedial eyelid defects with temporal island flaps pedicled with the orbicularis oculi muscle.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 12 cases of inferomedial eyelid defects caused by tumors, scars or other reasons, in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2021 to October 2022. Temporal island flaps pedicled with the orbicularis oculi muscle or traditional nasolabial fold flaps were used to repair the inferomedial eyelid defects, and the patients were followed up for 2 to 13 months to observe postoperative tumor residue, scar release degree, flap survival, lower eyelid ectropion. Descriptive statistical methods were used to evaluate the treatment effect.

RESULTS: In 11 out of 12 patients, the tumors were completely resected with no residual at the margins and bases. In 1 patient with lower eyelid ectropion, it was completely corrected, which the scar was completely released and the lower eyelid was restored. The flaps in all 12 patients survived completely, and in one case, there was partial epidermal necrosis, which healed after dressing change and delayed healing. One patient designed the nasolabial V-Y advancement flap developed eyelid ectropion and retraction. During the follow-up period of 2 to 13 months, no lower eyelid ectropion or epiphora occurred.

CONCLUSION: The orbicularis oculi muscle-pedicled temporal island flap demonstrates significant clinical efficacy in reconstructing inferomedial eyelid defects, particularly due to its combination of surgical practicality and favorable tissue characteristics. This technique offers three distinct advantages: (1) straightforward surgical preparation with minimal donor site morbidity, (2) optimal tissue compatibility through preserved eyelid texture and robust vascular supply, and (3) enhanced rotational capacity and generous flap dimensions.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study.

PMID:40504433 | DOI:10.1007/s10792-025-03614-2

J Med Syst. 2025 Jun 12;49(1):80. doi: 10.1007/s10916-025-02212-0.

ABSTRACT

In the context of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP), Systematic Reviews (SRs), Meta-Analyses (MAs) and overview of reviews have become cornerstones for the synthesis of research findings. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 and Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews (PRIOR) statements have become major reporting guidelines for SRs/MAs and for overviews of reviews, respectively. In recent years, advances in Generative Artificial Intelligence (genAI) have been proposed as a potential major paradigm shift in scientific research. The main aim of this research was to examine the performance of four LLMs for the analysis of adherence to PRISMA 2020 and PRIOR, in a sample of 20 SRs and 20 overviews of reviews. We tested the free versions of four commonly used LLMs: ChatGPT (GPT-4o), DeepSeek (V3), Gemini (2.0 Flash) and Qwen (2.5 Max). Adherence to PRISMA 2020 and PRIOR was compared with scores defined previously by human experts, using several statistical tests. In our results, all the four LLMs showed a low performance for the analysis of adherence to PRISMA 2020, overestimating the percentage of adherence (from 23 to 30%). For PRIOR, the LLMs presented lower differences in the estimation of adherence (from 6 to 14%) and ChatGPT showed a performance similar to human experts. This is the first report of the performance of four commonly used LLMs for the analysis of adherence to PRISMA 2020 and PRIOR. Future studies of adherence to other reporting guidelines will be helpful in health sciences research.

PMID:40504403 | DOI:10.1007/s10916-025-02212-0

J Wound Care. 2025 Jun 2;34(6):444-454. doi: 10.12968/jowc.2022.0088.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The antibacterial properties of amniotic membranes are the reason for their wide clinical use. Amniotic membrane soaked in antibiotics can be used in local antibiotic therapy, creating new options for the treatment of infections. The aim of this study was to analyse the inhibiting effect of both human and porcine amniotic membranes soaked in antibiotics on the growth of microorganisms.

METHOD: Human and porcine placentas were collected during natural births, under aseptic conditions. Each amnion was divided into three parts: intravital; cryopreserved; and radio-sterilised. Discs of 8mm in diameter were cut from the amniotic membrane. The discs were incubated in antibiotics (gentamicin, neomycin sulfate and colistin) for three hours and then subjected to microbiological tests to assess the inhibition of bacterial growth. The inhibiting effect on microorganisms-Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae– were examined.

RESULTS: The findings of the study showed that porcine amniotic membrane was as effective in carrying antibiotics as human amnion. The ability of cryopreserved or radio-sterilised amniotic membrane to inhibit the growth of microorganisms was not reduced compared to that of fresh amnion. There was a statistically significant difference in the studied groups. The highest growth inhibition efficacy was noted for Escherichia coli, meticilin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii-sensitive extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. The highest mean zones of growth inhibition were obtained for gentamicin and neomycin sulfate.

CONCLUSION: This study revealed that both human and porcine amniotic membranes can be used in carrying antibiotics. Differently prepared amniotic membrane can be successfully used in microorganism inhibition.

PMID:40504401 | DOI:10.12968/jowc.2022.0088

Abdom Radiol (NY). 2025 Jun 12. doi: 10.1007/s00261-025-05048-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Organizing pneumonia is an inflammatory disorder that may co-exist with malignancy in the lung or elsewhere in the body. We aimed to assess patients with a lung biopsy diagnosis of organizing pneumonia for subsequent pathology confirmation of co-existing malignancy.

METHODS: In this retrospective IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant study, 1314 consecutive patients who underwent CT-guided lung biopsy for suspected lung cancer or metastatic disease from 02/2014 to 04/2022 at a single tertiary referral hospital were identified. In 98/1314 (7.5%) patients, biopsies showed organizing pneumonia, which represented our study cohort. Clinical outcomes, including follow-up imaging and repeat tissue sampling if performed, were evaluated through chart review. Descriptive statistics were calculated.

RESULTS: There were 43/98 (44%) females, mean age was 66 ± 14 years, mean lesion size 2.9 ± 2.1 cm, and 11/98 (11.2%) had prior history of malignancy. Of 98 patients initially diagnosed with organizing pneumonia on lung biopsy, 11 (11.2%) were subsequently found to have malignancy. Among these, 6 (54.5%) had pulmonary metastases and 5 (45.5%) had primary lung cancer. Malignancies were confirmed through percutaneous re-biopsy in 3/11 (27%) and bronchoscopic, endoscopic, or surgical procedures in 8/11 (73%).

CONCLUSION: Malignancy can co-exist with organizing pneumonia in a substantial percentage of initial lung biopsies. Therefore, repeat tissue sampling should be considered when there is high clinical suspicion of malignancy despite an initial histopathological diagnosis of organizing pneumonia. This is especially relevant in lesions that demonstrate FDG avidity on PET/CT or an increase in size on interval imaging, or in instances where the biopsy core sizes are small or where the biopsies have intraprocedural complications.

PMID:40504392 | DOI:10.1007/s00261-025-05048-x

AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc. 2025 Jun 10;2025:196-204. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Rigorous external validation is crucial for assessing the generalizability of prediction models, particularly by evaluating their discrimination (AUROC) on new data. This often involves comparing a new model’s AUROC to that of an established reference model. However, many studies rely on arbitrary rules of thumb for sample size calculations, often resulting in underpowered analyses and unreliable conclusions. This paper reviews crucial concepts for accurate sample size determination in AUROC-based external validation studies, making the theory and practice more accessible to researchers and clinicians. We introduce powerROC, an open-source web tool designed to simplify these calculations, enabling both the evaluation of a single model and the comparison of two models. The tool offers guidance on selecting target precision levels and employs flexible approaches, leveraging either pilot data or user-defined probability distributions. We illustrate powerROC’s utility through a case study on hospital mortality prediction using the MIMIC database.

PMID:40502274 | PMC:PMC12150715

AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc. 2025 Jun 10;2025:375-384. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a significant global public health issue, affecting over 10% of the population. Timely diagnosis is crucial for effective management. Leveraging machine learning within healthcare offers promising advancements in predictive diagnostics. We developed a Web-Based Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) for CKD, incorporating advanced Explainable AI (XAI) methods, specifically SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) and LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations). The model employs and evaluates multiple classifiers: KNN, Random Forest, AdaBoost, XGBoost, CatBoost, and Extra Trees, to predict CKD. The effectiveness of the models is assessed by measuring their accuracy, analyzing confusion matrix statistics, and the AUC. AdaBoost achieved a 100% accuracy rate. Except for KNN, all classifiers consistently reached perfect precision and sensitivity. Additionally, we present a real-time web-based application to operationalize the model, enhancing trust and accessibility for healthcare practitioners and stakeholder.

PMID:40502268 | PMC:PMC12150721

AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc. 2025 Jun 10;2025:576-597. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

Heart failure (HF) is a significant public health challenge, especially among critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Predicting survival outcomes for these patients with calibrated uncertainty is both challenging and essential for guiding subsequent treatments. This study introduces conformalized survival analysis (CSA) as a novel method for predicting survival times in critically ill HF patients. CSA enhances each predicted survival time with a statistically rigorous lower bound, providing valuable uncertainty quantification. Using the MIMIC-IV dataset, we demonstrate that CSA effectively delivers calibrated uncertainty quantification for survival predictions, in contrast to parametric models like the Cox or Accelerated Failure Time models. Through the application of CSA to a large, real-world dataset, this study underscores its potential to improve decision-making in critical care, offering a more precise and reliable tool for prognosis in a setting where accurate predictions and calibrated uncertainty can profoundly impact patient outcomes.

PMID:40502254 | PMC:PMC12150701

AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc. 2025 Jun 10;2025:537-545. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

We investigated the association between systole and diastole, and outpatient portal use during pregnancy. We used electronic and administrative data from our academic medical center. We categorized patients into two groups: (<140 mm Hg; <90 mm Hg), and out-of-range (≥140 mm Hg, ≥ 90 mm Hg). Random effects linear regression models examined the association between mean trimester blood pressure (BP) levels and portal use, adjusting for covariates. As portal use increased, both systole and diastole levels decreased for the out-of-range group. These differences were statistically significant for patients who were initially out-of-range. For the in-range group, systole and diastole levels were stable as portal use increased. Results provide evidence to support a relationship between outpatient portal use and BP outcomes during pregnancy. More research is needed to expand on our findings, especially those focused on the implementation and design of outpatient portals for pregnancy.

PMID:40502244 | PMC:PMC12150748

AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc. 2025 Jun 10;2025:177-186. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

As genomic research continues to advance, sharing of genomic data and research outcomes has become increasingly important for fostering collaboration and accelerating scientific discovery. However, such data sharing must be balanced with the need to protect the privacy of individuals whose genetic information is being utilized. This paper presents a bidirectional framework for evaluating privacy risks associated with data shared (both in terms of summary statistics and research datasets) in genomic research papers, particularly focusing on re-identification risks such as membership inference attacks (MIA). The framework consists of a structured workflow that begins with a questionnaire designed to capture researchers’ (authors’) self-reported data sharing practices and privacy protection measures. Responses are used to calculate the risk of re-identification for their study (paper) when compared with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) genomic data sharing policy. Any gaps in compliance help us to identify potential vulnerabilities and encourage the researchers to enhance their privacy measures before submitting their research for publication. The paper also demonstrates the application of this framework, using published genomic research as case study scenarios to emphasize the importance of implementing bidirectional frameworks to support trustworthy open science and genomic data sharing practices.

PMID:40502226 | PMC:PMC12150713