Tag: pubmed

Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2025 Jun 11;44(2):54. doi: 10.1007/s10555-025-10268-0.

ABSTRACT

There is abundant but discrepant scientific literature reporting an effect of opioids on the course of cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer monographs recently classified opium consumption as carcinogenic to humans in certain organs, raising concerns this may be due at least in part to the alkaloids opium contains (such as morphine and codeine). This systematic review investigated whether opioid exposure among cancer-free individuals is independently associated with the risk of future cancer incidence or cancer mortality. An electronic database search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, CINAHL and Scopus. Studies were included if they provided a statistical estimate of cancer mortality, cancer incidence, or cancer risk following opioid exposure. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Study characteristics and outcomes were extracted and analysed in a descriptive narrative synthesis. There were 27 studies that met the inclusion criteria, representing a total of 4,542,745 participants. Twelve of the 27 were rated as high quality according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The observed data is consistent with a small increase in the risk of cancer incidence or cancer mortality following opioid exposure, particularly in a subset of organs. There is, however, considerable uncertainty in the evidence given the substantial risk of bias in estimating the overall effect of opioid exposure on cancer outcomes in these studies. This review synthesises studies reporting cancer risk following opioid exposure and identifies the key methodological factors influencing ongoing uncertainty estimating the true effect. Rigorous epidemiological studies employing specific methods to minimize bias are warranted.

PMID:40498363 | DOI:10.1007/s10555-025-10268-0

Exp Appl Acarol. 2025 Jun 11;95(1):10. doi: 10.1007/s10493-025-01035-5.

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the efficacy of a plant-based premix of feed additives (PFA) composed of essential oils and vitamins on a farm with 1560 laying hens (ISA Brown line), naturally infested with poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae. The trial lasted 44 days. The AVIVET traps were used to determine PRM mass, number of eggs, larvae, blood-engorged and unfed nymphs, and adults on day – 12, – 5, and 0 before, and on days 2, 5, 8, 11, 15, 23, and 30, after, hens started to consume PFA. Friedman’s ANOVA was utilised to identify differences between means, and the post hoc Wilcoxon matched Pairs Test was then employed to ascertain the impact of the tested PFA on the D. gallinae population. From the eighth day until the end of the trial period, a statistically lower mass of mites (P < 0.05), the number of nymphs (P < 0.05) and the number of blood-engorged mites (P < 0.05) were observed compared to day 0. In comparison to day 0, a statistically significantly lower number of eggs (P < 0.01) was observed on day 5 (P < 0.05), day 11 (P < 0.01), larvae on day 23 (P < 0.05) and day 30 (P < 0.01), as well as unfed mites on days 15, 23, and 30 (P < 0.01, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Egg production (%, hen-day) in 52-54 weeks of age (control period) was 88.7, while in 55-58 weeks of age (trial period) was 89.5. The results indicate that the tested PFA can control PRM without adversely affecting egg production.

PMID:40498361 | DOI:10.1007/s10493-025-01035-5

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2025 Jun 11;51(1):226. doi: 10.1007/s00068-025-02896-6.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Accurate trauma triage ensures timely and specialized care for potentially critically injured patients. Undertriage remains a concern, particularly for patients without obvious vital sign derangements. This study evaluates the potential of biomarkers such as lactate, base deficit (BD), and blood glucose to improve triage score accuracy in identifying patients with severe injuries (Injury Severity Score [ISS] > 15) and predicting intensive care unit (ICU) admission without a high risk of severe injury (HRSI).

METHODS: This retrospective, single-center cohort study (2017-2021) included trauma patients with trauma team activation (TTA) due to mechanism of injury(MOI) and therefore only patients with moderate risk of severe injury criteria(MRSI). Exclusion criteria were any HRSI-criterion such as advanced airway management, Glasgow Coma Scale < 12, systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg, and specific injury patterns. Biomarkers were collected upon emergency department (ED) admission. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses evaluated biomarker predictive value alone and in combination with existing triage scores.

RESULTS: The study population included 3371 TTAs of which we were able to include 302 in our study-group. 15% had ISS > 15. These patients had significantly higher lactate (2.38 ± 1.2 vs. 1.57 ± 0.75 mmol/L, p < 0.05), BD (-0.2 ± 5.0 vs. 1.7 ± 2.7 mmol/L, p < 0.05), and blood glucose (144.8 ± 46.0 vs. 118 ± 37.9 mg/dL, p < 0.05). Augmenting triage scores with lactate improved predictive accuracy, with the highest AUC (0.774) observed for the age-lactate model. ICU admission prediction was less robust (AUC = 0.674).

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that biomarkers such as lactate could strengthen trauma triage scores, but prospective, multicenter validation is essential to confirm these preliminary results.

PMID:40498359 | DOI:10.1007/s00068-025-02896-6

Womens Health (Lond). 2025 Jan-Dec;21:17455057251329640. doi: 10.1177/17455057251329640. Epub 2025 Jun 11.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Violent and abusive behavior in relationships causes immense individual and community harm. Mapping the emergence of different types of abuse over time and recognising behavioral patterns, could enable more targeted intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention, screening, and early intervention. While there has been some qualitative research into early warning signs of abuse and escalating homicide risks in relationships, no known studies have asked a large sample of survivors to document the sequence of abusive behaviors in a recent relationship.

OBJECTIVES: To explore timelines of psychologically, physically, and sexually abusive behaviors and life events in a recent relationship (during the last 5 years) to create a macro timeline of abuse.

DESIGN: Cross sectional survey of a nationally representative sample (gender, age, state, locality).

DATA SOURCES AND METHODS: Eight hundred and fifteen Australian IPV women survivors.

RESULTS: Results indicated that psychological abuse was a feature of most violent relationships, and almost always underpinned physical and sexual abuse. Psychological abuse often began before couples moved in together, while physical and sexual abuse came later. The earliest indicators for survivors that something was wrong was being isolated from others and feeling controlled by their partner. For many survivors, growing concern about the impact of abuse on their children occurred around the same time as leaving their relationship and trying to get help.

CONCLUSION: Findings indicate a pattern of escalating behaviors over the course of a relationship that are consistent with the concept of coercive control. The macro timeline contains important learnings for intervening early with future survivors.

PMID:40498352 | DOI:10.1177/17455057251329640

Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2025 Jun 11;410(1):186. doi: 10.1007/s00423-025-03773-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Treatment options for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) are limited, but endovascular intervention has gained increasing attention in recent years.

AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Neuroform EZ stent for treating ICAS in the posterior circulation.

MATERIAL & METHODS: Patients’ (n = 50) eligibility depended on ICAS with severe stenosis (≥ 70%) in the intracranial segment of the vertebral artery or basilar artery shown by cerebral angiography. General information of the participants were recorded, Adverse events during the perioperative period were observed, including in-stent thrombosis, postoperative hyperperfusion, stroke, and mortality. Before the procedure, neurological deficits (NIHSS score) and neurological recovery (mRS score) were recorded at 12 months postoperatively. The degree of vascular stenosis was evaluated prior to and following the procedure, and in-stent restenosis (ISR) was recorded at 12 months post-operation.

RESULTS: Fifty-two stents were successfully placed in 50 patients, followed by standardized medication. Angiographic follow-up was completed 12-months postoperatively, and there was only one case of ISR (4.35%) was observed. Postoperative stenosis of responsible vessel was significantly relieved (77.98 ± 7.69 vs. 33.85 ± 9.11), with statistically significant differences (P < 0.01). The extent of neurological deficits and effects on daily living activities at 12 months postoperatively exhibited significant improvements, as evidenced by NIHSS scores (2.40 ± 1.37 vs. 0.82 ± 0.77) and mRS scores ≤ 2 (82.0% vs. 98.0%) (P < 0.01). Cerebral perfusion improved, with no significant perioperative complications.

CONCLUSIONS: The Neuroform EZ stent is a safe and effective treatment approach for ICAS in the posterior circulation.

PMID:40498346 | DOI:10.1007/s00423-025-03773-x

Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025 Jun 11. doi: 10.1111/dom.16497. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Prediabetes is a public health problem, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Both genetic factors and lifestyle contribute to the development and progression of prediabetes. The Omentin-1 Val109Asp polymorphism is reported to be associated with insulin resistance and obesity. Moreover, research suggests that vitamin D may help decrease the risk of developing and progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this trial aimed to investigate the interaction between vitamin D supplementation and the Omentin-1 gene polymorphism on metabolic factors, omentin-1 levels and obesity values in women with prediabetes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on 204 women aged 18-65 with prediabetes. After obtaining informed consent, the blood samples of all participants were analysed to determine the Omentin-1 polymorphism (Val109Asp) genotypes. The women were then randomized into intervention (n = 24) and placebo (n = 24) groups (1:1) according to each genotype of the Omentin-1 polymorphism. In total, 96 women were allocated to receive vitamin D (50 000 IU) or a placebo every two weeks for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measures, dietary intake data and physical activity level information were collected at the beginning and after the intervention. Data analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software.

RESULTS: Vitamin D administration significantly increased serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and QUICKI in both AT and TT genotypes (all, p < 0.001). Moreover, the serum concentration of HDL-C decreased significantly after vitamin D intervention in the AT genotype, but not in the TT genotype (p < 0.001). A significant interaction was also observed between vitamin D intervention and Omentin-1 Val109Asp polymorphism on HDL-C (p = 0.003), waist circumference (WC) (p = 0.026) and waist-to-height ratio (WHthR) (p = 0.035). However, there was no significant interplay between vitamin D and Omentin-1 polymorphism on glycaemic factors, omentin-1 levels and other lipid profiles and anthropometric measures (p ≥ 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the Omentin-1 gene Val109Asp polymorphism may modify the effects of vitamin D intervention on serum HDL-C levels and abdominal obesity in women with prediabetes. Future clinical trials are necessary to clarify the influence of the Omentin-1 gene polymorphism genotype on the effects of vitamin D intervention.

PMID:40497345 | DOI:10.1111/dom.16497

Elife. 2025 Jun 11;13:RP95243. doi: 10.7554/eLife.95243.

ABSTRACT

The brain learns an internal model of the environment through sensory experiences, which is essential for high-level cognitive processes. Recent studies show that spontaneous activity reflects such a learned internal model. Although computational studies have proposed that Hebbian plasticity can learn the switching dynamics of replayed activities, it is still challenging to learn dynamic spontaneous activity that obeys the statistical properties of sensory experience. Here, we propose a pair of biologically plausible plasticity rules for excitatory and inhibitory synapses in a recurrent spiking neural network model to embed stochastic dynamics in spontaneous activity. The proposed synaptic plasticity rule for excitatory synapses seeks to minimize the discrepancy between stimulus-evoked and internally predicted activity, while inhibitory plasticity maintains the excitatory-inhibitory balance. We show that the spontaneous reactivation of cell assemblies follows the transition statistics of the model’s evoked dynamics. We also demonstrate that simulations of our model can replicate recent experimental results of spontaneous activity in songbirds, suggesting that the proposed plasticity rule might underlie the mechanism by which animals learn internal models of the environment.

PMID:40497329 | DOI:10.7554/eLife.95243

BJOG. 2025 Jun 11. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.18253. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The optimal methods and settings for induction of labour (IOL) in terms of effectiveness, safety, and women’s experience are still not elucidated.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness and safety of outpatient versus inpatient cervical ripening settings for IOL.

SEARCH STRATEGY: MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, Cochrane Library, WHO ICTRP and clinicaltrials.gov from inception to July 2024.

SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials, viable singleton gestation, no language restrictions, all the published and unpublished data.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: An individual participant data meta-analysis.

MAIN RESULTS: Eleven out of 18 (61.1%) eligible RCTs shared IPD, totalling 2593 pregnant individuals undergoing IOL (62.2% of all participants in the published RCTs). Among the shared RCTs, four used balloon catheters alone in both groups. Three RCTs compared outpatient balloon catheter with inpatient balloon catheter plus oxytocin. Another three RCTs compared outpatient balloon catheter to inpatient vaginal dinoprostone. One RCT used Dilapan-S in both groups. No trials evaluating outpatient use of vaginal prostaglandins were identified. Vaginal birth (11 RCTs, 2584 women, 67.8% vs. 70.2%, aOR 0.95, 95% CI 0.70; 1.30), composite perinatal outcome (9 RCTs, 2525 women, 11.1% vs. 11.7%, aOR 0.93, 95% CI 0.75; 1.16) and composite maternal (10 RCTs, 2480 women, 14.3% vs. 15.4%, aOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.65; 1.20) outcome did not differ between outpatient and inpatient groups. The outpatient group had a lower risk of acidosis, more epidural analgesia, and more oxytocin. There were no perinatal deaths in either group.

CONCLUSIONS: Overall effectiveness, perinatal and maternal safety are comparable between outpatient setting cervical ripening with a mechanical method and inpatient with any method.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO: CRD42022313183.

PMID:40497299 | DOI:10.1111/1471-0528.18253

Acta Oncol. 2025 Jun 11;64:769-774. doi: 10.2340/1651-226X.2025.43093.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Early detection of lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening can shift diagnoses to early-stage disease and improve survival. However, LDCT has several challenges such as high false positive rate and indefinite cost-effectiveness. We report here secondary and exploratory endpoints of the Low-dose CT screening for lung cancer combined with different smoking cessation approach in Finland (LDCT-SC-FI) study including recruitment channels, LDCT performance, and long-term smoking cessation.

METHODS: In this study, we randomized 200 current smokers with a significant smoking history in 1:1 fashion to receive a smartphone application or standard of care written materials, both for smoking cessation. All underwent LDCT screening at baseline and at 1-year. Participants were recruited through multiple channels, including newspapers, internet advertisements, and healthcare referrals.

RESULTS: Newspaper advertisements were the most effective recruitment method, accounting for 74.5% of participants while minority came through referrals (2.5%). LDCT screening demonstrated uptake of 96.7% for both rounds combined. Six lung cancers were detected with a positive predictive value of 75%. Of the detected lung cancers, five were at stage I and all of these underwent curative intent treatment. Smoking cessation rates at 1-year were higher in the application (18.3%) than in the control arm (12.8%), though the difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio [OR]: 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69-3.41).

INTERPRETATION: This study suggests that LDCT screening for lung cancer is feasible in Finland. The screening examination uptake was high with both screening rounds, while the positive predictive value for lung cancer detection remained at good level.

PMID:40497290 | DOI:10.2340/1651-226X.2025.43093

J Hand Surg Glob Online. 2025 May 21;7(4):100728. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.02.018. eCollection 2025 Jul.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Prior literature has shown that although follow-up radiographs are obtained for approximately two-thirds of nonoperatively treated isolated radial head fractures, they generally do not change management. This study aims to investigate the current practice regarding follow-up radiographs for these injuries and the utility of obtaining these studies.

METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of patients with isolated radial head fractures initially treated nonoperatively at two Level I trauma centers between 2016 and 2020. Patient details, treatment course, and radiographic measurements were recorded. The primary outcome was the acquisition of follow-up radiographs. Secondary outcomes included the number of follow-up radiographs, interval fracture displacement, planned versus unplanned clinic appointments, radiographic union on final follow-up films, change in management based on follow-up radiographs, and nonunion and/or conversion to surgery. Bivariate statistical analysis was performed.

RESULTS: Of 318 patients with 322 isolated radial head fractures initially treated nonoperatively (92% Mason I, 8% Mason II), 217 (67%) had 331 total sets of follow-up radiographs, with a median of 1 set per fracture. Increased articular displacement and Mason II classification were associated with increased number of follow-up radiographs. No patient had a change in management based on follow-up radiographs or documentation of nonunion or conversion to surgery. Median interval fracture displacement was 0 mm. The rate of follow-up radiographs was 11% higher among patients with unplanned clinic visits.

CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of follow-up radiographs for nonoperatively treated isolated radial head fractures has remained similar compared to previous reports, despite prior evidence demonstrating a lack of utility. In our cohort, follow-up radiographs did not change management and interval displacement was minimal, even among patients with unplanned clinic visits. Follow-up radiographs in this clinical scenario are a low-value test, and providers should reconsider the utility of obtaining these studies.

TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

PMID:40497275 | PMC:PMC12148466 | DOI:10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.02.018