Minerva Med. 2021 Jun 28. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4806.21.07516-9. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:34180641 | DOI:10.23736/S0026-4806.21.07516-9
Tag: pubmed
Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2021 Jun 28. doi: 10.1111/ajco.13621. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
AIMS: The Cancer Health Literacy – 30 (CHLT-30) and Cancer Health Literacy – 6 (CHLT-6) are widely used instruments to measure cancer health literacy and to identify individuals with limited cancer health literacy, respectively. This study evaluated the psychometric performance of both instruments in Chinese cancer patient population.
METHODS: The back-translation method was used in cross-cultural adaptation. Chinese versions, labeled as CHLT-30-Chinese and CHLT-6-Chinese, were administered to a diverse cross-sectional sample of 602 cancer patients. Of these, 30 patients retook the instruments over a 2-week interval to estimate test-retest reliability. Classical and modern psychometric methods were used to estimate the item and test properties.
RESULTS: Model fit statistics confirmed the original measurement structures of CHLT-30-Chinese (one-factor model) and CHLT-6-Chinese (latent class model with limited and adequate cancer health literacy classes) providing construct validity evidence. The CHLT-30-Chinese showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.83; McDonald’s Ω = 0.93) and 2-week test-retest reliability (r = 0.78). The CHLT-6-Chinese separated limited and adequate cancer health literacy classes well (entropy = 0.77) with the estimated prevalence rates of 19% and 81%, respectively. The CHLT-6-Chinese was highly precise in assigning cancer patients into two categories: limited and adequate cancer health literacy classes with probability of 0.95 and 0.90, respectively. Invariant measurement properties of both instruments were supported between male and female patients as well as patients with and without high school diploma.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the psychometric properties of the CHLT-30-Chinese for measuring cancer health literacy as a continuous trait and CHLT-6-Chinese for identifying patients with limited cancer health literacy with high precision. The two tools are recommended for use in both daily practice and clinical trials.
PMID:34180576 | DOI:10.1111/ajco.13621
Acta Ophthalmol. 2021 Jun 28. doi: 10.1111/aos.14927. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To estimate prevalence and incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a UK region by severity between 2012 and 2016 and risk factors for progression to proliferative DR (PDR).
METHODS: Electronic medical records from people with diabetes (PWD) ≥18 years seen at the Gloucestershire Diabetic Eye Screening Programme (GDESP) and the hospital eye clinic were analysed (HEC). Prevalence and incidence of DR per 100 PWD (%) by calendar year, grade and diabetes type were estimated using log-linear regression. Progression to PDR and associated risk factors were estimated using parametric survival analyses.
RESULTS: Across the study period, 35 873 PWD had at least one DR assessment. They were aged 66 (56-75) years (median (interquartile range)), 57% male, 5 (1-10) years since diabetes diagnosis, 93% Type 2 diabetes. Prevalence of DR decreased from 38.9% (95% CI: 38.1%, 39.8%) in 2012 to 36.6% (95% CI: 35.9%, 37.3%) in 2016 (p < 0.001). Incidence of any DR decreased from 10.9% (95% CI: 10.4%, 11.5%) in 2013 to 8.5% (95% CI: 8.1%, 9.0%) in 2016 (p < 0.001). Prevalence of PDR decreased from 3.5% (95% CI: 3.3%, 3.8%) in 2012 to 3.1% (95% CI 2.9%, 3.3%) in 2016 (p = 0.008). Incidence of PDR did not change over time. HbA1c and bilateral moderate-severe NPDR were statistically significant risk factors associated with progression to PDR.
CONCLUSIONS: Incidence and prevalence of DR decreased between 2012 and 2016 in this well-characterized population of the UK.
PMID:34180581 | DOI:10.1111/aos.14927
J Med Virol. 2021 Jun 28. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27161. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in development of oral lesions is controversial. There is no comprehensive study about HPV prevalence in Iran. This systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to find HPV prevalence of oral lesions and normal oral mucosa in Iran.
METHODS: International (PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) and national (Iranmedex, Irandoc and SID) database were searched systematically until October 2020. Studies which examined prevalence of HPV in oral lesions by polymerase chain reaction method were included. The heterogeneity of articles was assessed with the Cochran Test and I-Square statistics. The prevalence rate of HPV was calculated using random effect model.
RESULTS: Of 3729 initial searched articles, 29 articles were eligible to include. Overall prevalence of HPV in oral lesions was 21%. The prevalence was highest in Rasht (50%) city. lip lesions had the highest HPV prevalence (40%). According to classification of lesions, the highest prevalence was in precancerous lesions (29%) and the lowest in normal mucosa (8%). Well-differentiated tumor showed higher prevalence than poorly-differentiated ones. The highest prevalence of HPV was in hairy leukoplakia (70%) and the lowest was in pyogenic granuloma (6%). Also, the prevalence was 31% in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
CONCLUSION: There are differences between HPV prevalence according to geographical area, intraoral location, type of lesion and grading. Since HPV prevalence was approximately high, further attention to vaccination and treatment for HPV in Iranian, as a potential risk factor for oral precancerous and cancerous lesions is recommended. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PMID:34180541 | DOI:10.1002/jmv.27161
J Forensic Sci. 2021 Jun 28. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14761. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Due to their medicolegal repercussions, forensic anthropology conclusions must be reliable, consistent, and minimally compromised by bias. Yet, a synthetic analysis of the reliability and biasability of the discipline’s methods has not yet been conducted. To do so, this study utilized Dror’s (2016) hierarchy of expert performance (HEP), an eight-level model aimed at examining intra- and inter-expert reliability and biasability (the potential for cognitive bias) within the literature of forensic science disciplines. A systematic review of the forensic anthropology literature was conducted (1972-present), including papers published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Forensic Anthropology, Forensic Science International, and the Journal of Forensic Sciences and Anthropology Section abstracts published in the Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the AAFS which matched keywords such as “forensic anthropology,” “bias,” “reliability,” “cognition,” “cognitive,” or “error.” The resulting forensic anthropology HEP showcases areas that have ample research and areas where more research can be conducted. Specifically, statistically significant increases in reliability (p < 0.001) and biasability (p < 0.001) publications were found since 2009 (publication of the NAS report). Extensive research examined the reliability of forensic anthropological observations and conclusions (n = 744 publications). However, minimal research investigated the biasability of forensic anthropological observations and conclusions (n = 20 publications). Notably, while several studies demonstrated the biasing effect of extraneous information on anthropological morphological assessments, there was no research into these effects on anthropological metric assessments. The findings revealed by the forensic anthropology HEP can help to guide future research, ultimately informing the development and refinement of best-practice standards for the discipline.
PMID:34180547 | DOI:10.1111/1556-4029.14761
J Anim Breed Genet. 2021 Jun 28. doi: 10.1111/jbg.12637. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Genomic information allows for a more accurate calculation of relationships among animals than the pedigree information, leading to an increase in accuracy of breeding values. Here, we used pedigree-based and single-step genomic approaches to estimate variance components and breeding values for β-hydroxybutyrate milk content (BHB). Additionally, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to depict its genetic architecture. BHB concentrations within the first 90 days of lactation, estimated from milk medium infrared spectra, were available for 30,461 cows (70,984 records). Genotypes at 42,152 loci were available for 9,123 animals. Low heritabilities were found for BHB using pedigree-based (0.09 ± 0.01) and genomic (0.10 ± 0.01) approaches. Genetic correlation between BHB and milk traits ranged from -0.27 ± 0.06 (BHB and protein percentage) to 0.13 ± 0.07 (BHB and fat-to-protein ratio) using pedigree and from -0.26 ± 0.05 (BHB and protein percentage) to 0.13 ± 0.06 (BHB and fat-to-protein ratio) using genomics. Breeding values were validated for 344 genotyped cows using linear regression method. The genomic EBV (GEBV) had greater accuracy (0.51 vs. 0.45) and regression coefficient (0.98 vs. 0.95) compared to EBV. The correlation between two subsequent evaluations, without and with phenotypes for validation cows, was 0.85 for GEBV and 0.82 for EBV. Predictive ability (correlation between (G)EBV and adjusted phenotypes) was greater when genomic information was used (0.38) than in the pedigree-based approach (0.31). Validation statistics in the pairwise two-trait models (milk yield, fat and protein percentage, urea, fat/protein ratio, lactose and logarithmic transformation of somatic cells count) were very similar to the ones highlighted for the single-trait model. The GWAS allowed discovering four significant markers located on BTA20 (57.5-58.2 Mb), where the ANKH gene is mapped. This gene has been associated with lactose, alpha-lactalbumin and BHB. Results of this study confirmed the usefulness of genomic information to provide more accurate variance components and breeding values, and important insights about the genomic determination of BHB milk content.
PMID:34180560 | DOI:10.1111/jbg.12637
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2021 Jun 28:fiab095. doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiab095. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Disease has become an increasingly recognised problem in the marine environment, but our understanding of the factors that drive disease or our ability to predict its occurrence is limited. Marine sponges are known for their close associations with microorganisms, which are generally accepted to underpin sponge health and function. The aim of this study is to explore whether the microbial community composition of sponges can act as a predictor of disease occurrence under stressful environmental conditions. The development of a naturally occurring disease in the temperate sponge species Scopalina sp. was reproducibly recreated in a flow-through aquarium environment using increasing temperature stress. Throughout the experiments, four morphological health states were observed and described. Fingerprinting based on terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of the bacterial community uncovered a statistically significant signature in healthy sponges prior to stress or apparent symptoms that correlated with the time it took for the disease to occur. This shows that the bacterial community composition of individual sponges can act as predictors of necrotic disease development. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a microbial signature of this nature has been reported in marine sponges and this finding can contribute to unravelling cause-effect pathways for stress-related dysbiosis and disease.
PMID:34180510 | DOI:10.1093/femsec/fiab095
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2021 Jun 28:pvab047. doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvab047. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We conduct this study to explore the associations of weekend and weekdays admission with the clinical events among heart failure (HF) patients with and without comorbid atrial fibrillation (AF).
METHODS: In this study, we recruited 57919 HF patients without AF hospitalized in weekends and 57919 HF patients without AF hospitalized in weekdays. There were 21467 and 21467 HF patients with AF admisson in weekends and weekdays, respectively. The outcomes of interest included all-cause mortality, CV death (ICD-9-CM 390-459), and heart failure recurrence. Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to estimate the hazard ratio. Variables found to be statistically significant in a univariable Cox proportional hazard regression model were further examined in a multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model. The cumulative incidence curves were obtained by the Kaplan-Meier method and assessed by the Log-rank test.
RESULTS: HF patients with AF and hospitalized in weekends had the highest incidence rates of rehospitalization due to HF (233.8 per1000 person-years), and CV death (23.9 per 1000 person-years) among four groups. Kaplan-Meier method shows that HF patients with AF had the higher cumulative incidence of HF recurrence than that of patients without AF.
CONCLUSION: HF patients with AF and hospitalized in weekends are at highest risk of HF recurrence among these four groups.
PMID:34180528 | DOI:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvab047
Phys Ther. 2021 Jun 26:pzab161. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzab161. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) recommends reporting adverse events (AEs) and dropouts (DOs) with their definitions. The purpose of this study was to identify how AEs and DOs were reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of therapeutic exercise for knee osteoarthritis (OA).
METHODS: Data sources were the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PUBMED, and CINAHL. Databases were searched to identify RCTs of therapeutic exercise for Knee OA published from January 1, 1980, through July 23, 2020. Researchers independently extracted participant and intervention characteristics and determined whether a clear statement of and reasons for AEs and DOs existed. The primary outcome was exercise-related harm. Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scoring described study quality and risk of bias. Descriptive and inferential statistics characterized results. Meta-analysis was not performed due to data heterogeneity.
RESULTS: One hundred 13 studies (152 arms) from 25 countries were included with 5909 participants exercising. PEDro scores ranged from 4 to 9. Exercise intensity was not specified in 57.9% of exercise arms. Fifty studies (44.2%) included an AE statement and 24 (21.2%) reported AEs, yielding 297 patients. One hundred three studies (91.2%) had a DO statement. Sixteen studies (15.5%) provided reasons for DOs that could be classified as AEs among 39 patients, yielding a 13.1% increase in AEs. Thus, 336 patients (6.0%) experienced exercise-related harm among studies with a clear statement of AEs and DOs. A significant difference existed in misclassification of DOs pre- and post-CONSORT 2010 (12.2% vs 3.1%; X21 = 21.2).
CONCLUSIONS: In some studies, the reason for DOs could be considered AEs, leading to potential underreporting of harm. Improvements in reporting of harm were found pre-and post-CONSORT 2010. Greater clarity regarding AE and DO definitions and TherEx intensity are needed to determine safe dosing and mode of therapeutic exercise for knee OA.
IMPACT: More adherence to the CONSORT statement is needed regarding reporting of and defining AEs, DOs, and therapeutic exercise intensity; however, despite this, therapeutic exercise seems to be associated with minimal risk of harm.
PMID:34180534 | DOI:10.1093/ptj/pzab161
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2021 Jun 28:pvab048. doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvab048. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:34180504 | DOI:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvab048