Tag: pubmed

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 10;15(1):12218. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97112-1.

ABSTRACT

The relationship between Klotho and epilepsy is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum Klotho levels and epilepsy. A total of 99,966 individuals who participated in the NHANES from the 2013 to 2016 were initially included. After excluding participants with missing data on serum Klotho concentration (57,286), epilepsy (6) and relevant covariates (6,096), the final sample consisted of 36,578 participants, with a mean age of 59 years. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that high serum Klotho levels were negatively associated with the prevalence of epilepsy, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64 to 0.86; P < 0.001. The Restricted Cubic Spline analyses (RCS) model showed a non-linear relationship between the serum Klotho levels and epilepsy. Subgroup analysis showed that serum Klotho levels were negatively correlated with epilepsy prevalence in individuals under 65 years of age and in males. Our study suggests that serum Klotho levels were associated with the prevalence of epilepsy. Further large-scale prospective studies and randomized trials are warranted to confirm our findings.

PMID:40211052 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-97112-1

Evid Based Dent. 2025 Apr 10. doi: 10.1038/s41432-025-01135-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of scanning speed and distance on the precision and quality of digital intraoral scans.

DATA: The PICO strategy was employed to delineate the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The acquired records underwent filtration according to eligibility criteria, with essential information subsequently extracted. The meta-analysis, facilitated by Review Manager 5.4, utilized chi-square and the inconsistency index, along with forest plots. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was employed for the comparative analysis of study groups. Additionally, the study encompassed assessments of publication bias and the quality of included studies.

SOURCES: The search was conducted using three Internet databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library.

RESULTS: Among the evaluated scanners (Trios 3, Trios 4, iTero, Primescan, Medit i500), only TRIOS 3 exhibited a statistically significant sensitivity to scanning parameters (SMD = -4.03; 95% CI: -7.26 to -0.80; P = 0.01). Increased scanning distances and faster speeds markedly reduced its accuracy, likely due to its older optical technology lacking real-time error correction features present in newer models like TRIOS 4 and Primescan. No significant effects were observed for TRIOS 4, Primescan, or Medit i500 (P > 0.05), suggesting their advanced hardware/software mitigates parameter variability.

CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians using TRIOS 3 should prioritize shorter scanning distances (5-10 mm) and slower speeds to optimize accuracy, as its performance is highly dependent on operator-controlled parameters. In contrast, newer scanners (e.g., TRIOS 4, Primescan) demonstrate greater resilience to distance/speed variations, enabling flexible clinical workflows. These findings underscore the importance of device-specific protocols to enhance digital impression reliability in restorative and prosthetic dentistry.

PMID:40211050 | DOI:10.1038/s41432-025-01135-6

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 10;15(1):12221. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97578-z.

ABSTRACT

Patients with diabetes had significant vascular resistance, which was explained by vascular remodeling and an increase in fluid volume as a result of hyperglycemia. Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes impairs lipid catabolism, and obesity raises the risk of isolated systolic hypertension. However, in Ethiopia minimal study has been conducted to address the specific relationship between isolated systolic hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this study aims to determine the magnitude and determinants of isolated systolic hypertension among type 2 diabetes patients in selected referral hospitals of Amhara region, Ethiopia. A multicenter institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1 and December 30, 2023. Referral hospitals were chosen using simple random sampling. Additionally, participants in the study were chosen from the designated referral hospitals using systematic sampling approaches. To collect clinical and sociodemographic data, an interviewer-administered questionnaire was utilized. Epi-data version-4.6 and Stata-14 were used for data entry and statistical analysis, respectively. The descriptive statistics were presented with tables and graphs. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify associated factors of isolated systolic hypertension. In the final model, statistical significance was decided at p ≤ 0.05, and the strength of association was indicated using an adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI. The analysis included 258 participants, and the prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension was found to be 21.3% (95% CI 18-27.1%). Older age (AOR = 4.64, 95%CI 1.31,16.36), fasting blood sugar of ≥ 130 mg/dl (AOR = 2.32, 95% CI; 1.04, 5.19), and BMI > 25 Kg/m² (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI (1.33, 5.68)) were statistically significant factors of isolated systolic hypertension. The prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in this study was high, affecting large population of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. Older age, high body mass index (BMI), and elevated fasting blood sugar levels were identified as key determinants of ISH. The study emphasizes the need for regular monitoring and management of blood pressure in T2DM patients, particularly those who are older, and have higher BMI.

PMID:40211033 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-97578-z

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 10;15(1):12352. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-87663-8.

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the impact of lithium-ion battery (LIB) design characteristics on recycling efficiency through a comprehensive mixed-methods research approach. The study employs structural equation modeling (SEM) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodologies, analyzing data collected through systematic expert interviews with 15 industry professionals and structured surveys of 150 battery manufacturing and recycling facilities. Through rigorous qualitative and quantitative analysis, this research examines the relationships between design complexity, material diversity, connection methods, and recycling process efficiency and overall recycling performance. The research methodology combines in-depth interviews, expert consultations, and statistical analysis to ensure robust findings. Data sources include primary data from industry surveys, expert interviews, and secondary data from technical documentation and recycling facility reports, providing a comprehensive foundation for the analysis. The research compares recycling efficiency across different battery types, including traditional designs, cell-to-pack (CTP), and cell-to-body (CTB), utilizing multi-group analysis. Through life cycle cost analysis and environmental impact assessment, the study quantifies the potential economic and ecological benefits of optimized designs. Results indicate that while optimized LIB designs may increase initial production costs, they significantly enhance recycling efficiency, reduce total lifecycle costs, and minimize environmental impacts. SEM analysis reveals that design characteristics indirectly influence overall recycling performance by affecting recycling process efficiency. Multi-group analysis demonstrates the superior recyclability of CTP and CTB designs compared to traditional configurations. The study also evaluates the improvement potential for recycling efficiency across various materials, providing a basis for optimizing recycling strategies. This research offers valuable insights for battery design, recycling technology innovation, and policy formulation, emphasizing the importance of incorporating recyclability considerations in LIB development. It contributes significantly to advancing the energy storage industry towards a circular economy model.

PMID:40211024 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-87663-8

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 10;15(1):12251. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91469-z.

ABSTRACT

Viral codon fitness (VCF) of the host and the VCF shifting has seldom been studied under quantitative measurements, although they could be concepts vital to understand pathogen epidemiology. This study demonstrates that the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) of virus genomes together with other genomic properties are predictive of virus host codon fitness through tree-based machine learning. Statistical analysis on the RSCU data matrix also revealed that the wobble position of the virus codons is critically important for the host codon fitness distinction. As the trained models can well characterise the host codon fitness of the viruses, the frequency and other details stored at the leaf nodes of these models can be reliably translated into human virus codon fitness score (HVCF score) as a readout of codon fitness of any virus infecting human. Specifically, we evaluated and compared HVCF of virus genome sequences from human sources and others and evaluated HVCF of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from NCBI virus database, where we found no obvious shifting trend in host codon fitness towards human-non-infectious. We also developed a bioinformatics tool to simulate codon-based virus fitness shifting using codon compositions of the viruses, and we found that Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4 related viruses may have close relationship with SARS-CoV-2 in terms of human codon fitness. The finding of abundant synonymous mutations in the predicted codon fitness shifting path also provides new insights for evolution research and virus monitoring in environmental surveillance.

PMID:40211017 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-91469-z

Eye (Lond). 2025 Apr 10. doi: 10.1038/s41433-025-03787-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: To provide a large-scale analysis on the demographics and ocular comorbidities in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) patients in the US.

SUBJECTS/METHODS: This is an exploratory cross-sectional study comparing medical records of EDS patients to the general population on demographic variables and ICD-10 ocular diagnoses. A research platform with de-identified EHR data of over 99 million patients across 60 healthcare organizations was utilized. Groups were stratified by 30-year age groups. Patients aged 0-61+ with an ICD-10 diagnosis of EDS (76,526), the general platform population aged 0-61+ (99,836,639), and patients with a concurrent ICD-10 ocular diagnosis were queried to determine the prevalence of EDS across demographic variables, ocular disease, and odds of ocular disease. Statistical analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and R studio, using p < 0.01 and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS: An EDS diagnosis was most prevalent in white females aged 0-30 years old (259.6 per 100,000). The majority of ocular diagnoses were more prevalent in the 0-60-year-old EDS population compared to the general population including myopia (5227.0 per 100,000) and dry eye (4211.6 per 100,000). Overall, diagnoses of angioid streaks (POR 18.72, 95% CI 10.32, 33.94) and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) (POR 18.43, 95% CI 17.51, 19.39) showed the highest increased odds in patients with EDS while significantly decreased odds were shown for type 2 diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinal vein occlusion.

CONCLUSIONS: EDS was associated with increased odds of having a concurrent ocular pathology, suggesting that, upon diagnosis of EDS, referral to ophthalmology may be valuable.

PMID:40211016 | DOI:10.1038/s41433-025-03787-1

Nat Methods. 2025 Apr 10. doi: 10.1038/s41592-025-02653-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Advances in computer vision and increasingly widespread video-based behavioral monitoring are currently transforming how we study animal behavior. However, there is still a gap between the prospects and practical application, especially in videos from the wild. In this Perspective, we aim to present the capabilities of current methods for behavioral analysis, while at the same time highlighting unsolved computer vision problems that are relevant to the study of animal behavior. We survey state-of-the-art methods for computer vision problems relevant to the video-based study of individualized animal behavior, including object detection, multi-animal tracking, individual identification and (inter)action understanding. We then review methods for effort-efficient learning, one of the challenges from a practical perspective. In our outlook on the emerging field of computer vision for animal behavior, we argue that the field should develop approaches to unify detection, tracking, identification and (inter)action understanding in a single, video-based framework.

PMID:40211003 | DOI:10.1038/s41592-025-02653-y

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 11;15(1):12367. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97396-3.

ABSTRACT

To explore the relationship between DED and sleep disorders and examine the impact of DED’s duration on sleep disorders. This multi-institutional, retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX database. We recruited participants with and without DED diagnosis from 2004 to 2023. Dry eye patients were propensity-matched to individuals from our non-DED cohort (1:1 ratio) based on variables such as age (every 5 year), sex, ethnicity, race, and relevant comorbidities. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was utilized to assess the impact of variables on sleep disorder risk, reporting hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were applied to estimate the cumulative incidence of sleep disorder. A total of 688,413 DED adult patients (64.91% female; mean age at index 56.96 ± 15.93) and 688,413 propensity-matched non-DED comparators (64.92% female; mean age at index 56.96 ± 15.93) were recruited. Our analysis showed an overall increased risk of uveitis among DED patients at 5-year time points (HR = 1.04) and all-year (19 years) follow-up durations (HR = 1.03). We observed a higher risk of sleep apnea in DED individuals irrespective of follow-up intervals. Further analyses revealed this increased risk specifically in those diagnosed with Sjögren syndrome (HR = 1.22). This study highlights the significant link between sleep disorders and DED, emphasizing the role of sleep apnea in DED patients. Aqueous-deficient DED has a more pronounced impact on sleep disturbances compared to evaporative DED, while the influence of DED on non-physiological insomnia may be overstated.

PMID:40210997 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-97396-3

Commun Med (Lond). 2025 Apr 11;5(1):109. doi: 10.1038/s43856-025-00827-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Shared symptoms and biological abnormalities between post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) could suggest common pathophysiological bases and would support coordinated treatment efforts. Empirical studies comparing these syndromes are needed to better understand their commonalities and differences.

METHODS: We analyzed electronic health record data from 6.5 million adult patients from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative. PASC and ME/CFS diagnostic groups were defined based on recorded diagnoses, and other recorded conditions within the two groups were used to train separate machine learning-driven computable phenotypes (CPs). The most predictive conditions for each CP were examined and compared, and the overlap of patients labeled by each CP was examined. Condition records from the diagnostic groups were also used to statistically derive condition clusters. Rates of subphenotypes based on these clusters were compared between PASC and ME/CFS groups.

RESULTS: Approximately half of patients labeled by one CP are also labeled by the other. Dyspnea, fatigue, and cognitive impairment are the most-predictive conditions shared by both CPs, whereas other most-predictive conditions are specific to one CP. Recorded conditions separate into cardiopulmonary, neurological, and comorbidity clusters, with the cardiopulmonary cluster showing partial specificity for the PASC groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Data-driven approaches indicate substantial overlap in the condition records associated with PASC and ME/CFS diagnoses. Nevertheless, cardiopulmonary conditions are somewhat more commonly associated with PASC diagnosis, whereas other conditions, such as pain and sleep disturbances, are more associated with ME/CFS diagnosis. These findings suggest that symptom management approaches to these illnesses could overlap.

PMID:40210986 | DOI:10.1038/s43856-025-00827-5

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 10;15(1):12356. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91089-7.

ABSTRACT

We aim to evaluate the myopia control effect of defocus incorporated multiple segments’ (DIMS) spectacle lens in combination with different concentrations of atropine (ATR). A retrospective cohort study was conducted and DIMS users were categorized according to ATR concentration: 55 DIMS alone, 55 DIMS-Low ATR (0.01%) and 50 DIMS-High ATR (0.125%) groups. All three myopia control methods were applied for one year. Primary outcomes measures were changes in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AXL). One-way ANOVA was utilized to compare the outcome differences among the three groups, and multiple linear regression was utilized to analyze the effects of age, sex, baseline SER and baseline AXL on myopia progression among the three groups. The cycloplegic SER progression was-0.30 ± 0.25 D, -0.17 ± 0.49 D and – 0.16 ± 0.14 D in DIMS, DIMS-Low ATR and DIMS-High ATR groups respectively. The DIMS group showed a significant higher cycloplegia SER progression (P = 0.003). The AXL elongation was 0.13 ± 0.08 mm, 0.06 ± 0.20 mm and 0.06 ± 0.14 mm in DIMS, DIMS-Low ATR and DIMS-High ATR groups respectively and AXL elongation was significantly higher in DIMS group (P = 0.011). The young age demonstrated positive correlation to the higher cycloplegia SER progression in all groups (all P < 0.05). The young age is also correlated to higher AXL elongation in the DIMS and DIMS-Low ATR groups (both P < 0.05). The myopia control effects of low- and high-concentration ATRs in DIMS users show no significant difference, while the addition of atropine in combination with DIMS spectacles had a greater effect on myopia control than DIMS spectacles alone.

PMID:40210984 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-91089-7