Tag: pubmed

Prague Med Rep. 2025;126(2):75-81. doi: 10.14712/23362936.2025.12.

ABSTRACT

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a multifactorial disease process with several factors influencing prognosis. CRC is associated with the expression of multiple cell proliferating markers such as Ki-67/MIB-1. This study was aimed to examine possible correlations between Ki-67 expression and the stage of colorectal carcinoma. This was a single centre prospective study including 93 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal carcinoma. Expression of Ki-67 was assessed by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissue blocks. Categorical variables data were presented as number with corresponding percentage. Continuous data were analysed using parametric tests as applicable and categorical data using nonparametric tests. The level of significance α = 0.05 and P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The average Ki-67 expression was 77.66% (SD [standard deviation] = 9.68%) with a range of 60 to 90%. Patients with nodal involvement and larger size had a higher Ki-67 expression. To assess statistical significance, the cut-off for Ki-67 expression was set at 70%. Of 66, 48 (72.7%) adenocarcinomas and 12/18 (66.66%) mucinous adenocarcinomas had Ki-67 expression above cut-off as compared to signet ring cell variety. Ki-67 expression in colorectal carcinoma signifies mitotic activity of the tumour. Thus, it could be used as an adjunct to the existing diagnostic arsenal to help overcome its limitation in gauging the functional status of tissues.

PMID:40673324 | DOI:10.14712/23362936.2025.12

J Pediatr Orthop. 2025 Jul 17. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000003049. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Clubfoot is a congenital condition affecting 1 to 2 per 1000 live births, with treatment primarily involving the Ponseti method and/or surgical intervention. It is important to ascertain whether children affected by clubfoot are prone to developmental delay, as they may benefit from early intervention. While previous research has explored motor and cognitive outcomes in children with clubfoot, these studies often lacked demographically matched controls.

METHODS: Thirteen twin pairs, including 2 monozygotic and 11 dizygotic sets (26 children), aged 6 months to 7 years, were evaluated using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). This tool assesses 5 developmental domains: gross motor skills, fine motor skills, visual perception, receptive language, and expressive language. Developmental Quotients (DQ) were calculated, and results were analyzed using paired comparisons and normative benchmarks for each group.

RESULTS: Clubfoot-affected children demonstrated no significant differences in cognitive or motor developmental metrics compared with their unaffected siblings. Paired comparisons showed no statistical significance across developmental domains. Some minor differences, which were not statistically significant, were observed in specific domains, such as higher visual reception scores in affected children and slightly better receptive language scores in the unaffected group. No consistent trends favored either group.

CONCLUSIONS: Although this study is based on a limited sample size, this first of its kind study suggests that clubfoot, when treated effectively, does not significantly impact cognitive or motor developmental milestones compared with unaffected twins.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III-investigating the effect of a patient characteristic on the outcome of disease.

PMID:40673295 | DOI:10.1097/BPO.0000000000003049

Mayo Clin Proc Digit Health. 2025 Jun 3;3(3):100232. doi: 10.1016/j.mcpdig.2025.100232. eCollection 2025 Sep.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in study engagement in diverse racial/ethnic groups that have been significantly underrepresented in atrial fibrillation and digital clinical trials.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of participants from the Apple Heart Study, a prospective, siteless, single-arm pragmatic clinical trial from November 29, 2017, to January 31, 2019. Black, Hispanic, Asian, and White participants were monitored using an irregular rhythm notification algorithm designed to detect atrial fibrillation on a smartwatch. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between race/ethnicity and completion of the first study visit after an irregular rhythm notification, adjusting for demographic characteristics and comorbidities.

RESULTS: Of the 419,297 participants, 393,396 (93.8%) individuals self-identified as White, Black, Hispanic, or Asian. Overall, participants were 57% men and had a mean (SD) age of 41 (13) years. Among 2044 (0.52%) participants who received an irregular rhythm notification, non-White participants had lower odds of completing the initial virtual study visit compared with White participants (Black: OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39-0.94; Hispanic: OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.95; Asian: OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.23-0.66) after multivariate adjustment. Among those who completed the initial study visit, there was no statistically significant difference in the odds of returning the electrocardiogram patch in the non-White groups compared with that of the White group.

CONCLUSION: Despite successful recruitment of racially and ethnically diverse participants, there were differences in subsequent engagement by non-White compared with that by White participants. Equitable representation and engagement of diverse racial and ethnic groups in digital clinical studies requires further study.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03335800.

PMID:40673279 | PMC:PMC12264615 | DOI:10.1016/j.mcpdig.2025.100232

RSC Adv. 2025 Jul 15;15(31):25030-25040. doi: 10.1039/d5ra01495f. eCollection 2025 Jul 15.

ABSTRACT

Chlorophenols (CPs) are persistent toxicants and major groundwater pollutants due to their carcinogenic properties. This study focused on optimizing the degradation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) in the aqueous phase using zero-valent iron (ZVI)-activated sodium persulfate (SPS). The Taguchi Design of Experiment methodology (L9 orthogonal array) and ANOVA statistical analysis were applied to identify optimal conditions, with key parameters including initial pH, SPS concentration, and ZVI concentration. Results indicated that SPS concentration had the most significant impact on 2-CP degradation. Confirmation tests conducted at the optimal conditions (pH = 6, SPS = 60 mM, ZVI = 60 mM) achieved 100% 2-CP degradation within 10 min, characterized by rapid 2-CP degradation, SPS decomposition, and 2-CP mineralization. Experiments with 2-CP spiked reverse osmosis water and groundwater samples showed total organic carbon removal rates of 75% and 67%, respectively, with discussions highlighting the potential effects of groundwater constituents on degradation efficiency. ZVI surface analysis through SEM-EDS identified iron oxide crystal formation on recovered iron particles, while XRD analysis confirmed the presence of Fe₃O₄ on the particle surface post-reaction. These findings underscore the effectiveness of ZVI-activated SPS as a promising approach for 2-CP degradation in natural groundwater systems, contributing to supportable groundwater remediation efforts.

PMID:40673240 | PMC:PMC12262041 | DOI:10.1039/d5ra01495f

Front Psychiatry. 2025 Jul 2;16:1527549. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1527549. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) is an evidence-based intervention that can be delivered in various formats, including as part of vocational rehabilitation. However, due to scarcity of resources, CBTp is currently accessible to only a minority of individuals with psychosis. This secondary analysis aims to explore potential differences in clinical outcomes between distinct CBTp formats and to examine whether therapist training influences treatment effect. Exploring these aspects is of importance, as they may influence the scalability and accessibility of CBTp in routine care.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data in this study is sourced from two independent projects; KATOslo and JUMP, comprising a total of 200 participants with broad schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The current study compares CBTp delivered as either symptom-focused individual therapy (KATOslo) or as an add-on to a vocational rehabilitation (VR) program (JUMP), with two reference groups; VR combined with cognitive remediation (JUMP) and treatment as usual (KATOslo). Using a series of mixed effects models for repeated measurements, we examined differences between the groups in terms of general functioning and psychiatric symptom severity. Emphasis was placed on potential differences between the two groups receiving CBTp, considering both average differences across assessment points and trajectories over time.

RESULTS: In line with expectations, all groups demonstrated overall improvements in functioning and symptom levels. After adjusting for relevant confounders, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups receiving CBTp following treatment initiation.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that CBTp may be effective across different delivery formats and levels of therapist training in terms of similar, positive clinical outcomes for this patient group. This has potential implications for service design and broader implementation of CBTp in real-world settings.

PMID:40673229 | PMC:PMC12263635 | DOI:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1527549

Data Brief. 2025 Jun 24;61:111834. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2025.111834. eCollection 2025 Aug.

ABSTRACT

Sustainability and energy efficiency have become fundamental objectives for modern society. Green roofs and facades are increasingly recognized as innovative and sustainable strategies to improve the energy performance of buildings. This paper introduces a dataset about buildings thermal performance and energy consumption in tropical climate depending on adjacent outdoor enclosed courtyards design features with different architectural shapes U, L, and O. The core data has been collected in public building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Then it expanded using simulation. The core measured raw data is the temperature and the other data is simulated and/or calculated. The dataset includes detailed design features of courtyards such as plan aspect ratio, number of floors, and orientation. Measurement instruments were calibrated against real-world measurements to ensure accuracy and reliability. The simulated data is tested and validated based on the statistical aspects of the raw data using Pearson correlation coefficient, with a value of 0.882. The dataset includes total 8,685 records across the different courtyard’ shapes. This dataset captures intricate relationships between architectural design parameters and energy consumption, making it a valuable resource for architects, engineers, and researchers interested in optimizing building designs for improved energy efficiency. It also allows in-depth analysis and potential reuse in studies related to sustainable architecture and urban planning.

PMID:40673169 | PMC:PMC12266515 | DOI:10.1016/j.dib.2025.111834

J Adv Periodontol Implant Dent. 2025 Apr 23;17(2):59-64. doi: 10.34172/japid.025.3475. eCollection 2025 Jun.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare insertion torque (IT) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values immediately and three months after surgery with standard drilling (SD) and osseodensification (OD) drilling methods.

METHODS: In this prospective study, 39 implants with the same diameter and length were placed in 21 patients using SD (23 implants) and OD (16 implants) methods in the posterior maxilla. The amounts of IT after surgery and ISQ after surgery and three months later were evaluated. The data were extracted and statistically analyzed with PASS2 software. The difference between IT and ISQ was determined by the two-way repeated-measures ANOVA at a significance level of 0.001.

RESULTS: Immediately after surgery, the amount of IT using the OD drilling method was 37% higher than the SD drilling (P<0.001). ISQ values after surgery did not show a significant difference between SD and OD (P1<0.176). Three months after surgery, the ISQ values in both groups were not significantly different. ISQ values for all OD and SD group experimental parameters remained above the threshold value of 68. IT values showed a positive correlation with ISQ values at baseline.

CONCLUSION: In the present study, the OD technique provided a higher IT rate after surgery compared to the SD method; however, no difference was seen between the two groups regarding ISQ value either after surgery or three months later.

PMID:40673121 | PMC:PMC12261070 | DOI:10.34172/japid.025.3475

J Adv Periodontol Implant Dent. 2025 Apr 21;17(2):65-70. doi: 10.34172/japid.025.2292. eCollection 2025 Jun.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Excess cement is one of the most prevalent problems with cement-retained implant-supported prostheses. The excess cement may be considered an important source of inflammation during implant application. Optimizing the design procedure for reducing excess cement is necessary for successful and safe implant applications.

METHODS: This study assessed the effect of two confounding factors, i.e., emergence profile and space gap size, on the level of excess cement. Three types of emergence profiles (concave, convex, and straight) and three different gap sizes (30, 60, and 90 µm) were considered for implant design, and the level of excess cement was measured for each design.

RESULTS: Statistical analyses using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc P value correction revealed that the best emergence profile with the lowest excess cement was the straight profile, with statistically lower excess cement compared with concave and convex profiles (P<0.05) and no significant difference between concave and convex profiles. Furthermore, analyses showed that lower gap size was associated with lower excess cement, even though increasing the gap size from a threshold (>60 µm) made the difference significant. Interaction analysis using two-way ANOVA also indicated the interaction between the emergence profile and space gap size.

CONCLUSION: The results emphasized that a straight profile with a smaller gap size should be considered to reduce the excess cement. However, due to the small sample size of the study, further analyses with different types of materials, angles of deformation, and gap sizes are required to reveal the exact relationship between excess cement and the design specifications.

PMID:40673117 | PMC:PMC12261064 | DOI:10.34172/japid.025.2292

Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2025 Jun 30;14(6):1914-1928. doi: 10.21037/tlcr-2024-1092. Epub 2025 Jun 24.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) mutations represent the most frequent oncogenic driver alterations in Caucasian lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) patients, their impact on immune phenotype and tumor morphology is largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the associations between KRAS mutation subtypes, immune landscape, and tumor heterogeneity in surgically treated LADC, with a particular focus on specific tumor growth patterns.

METHODS: This study included 87 surgically treated patients with histologically confirmed early-stage LADC. Three tumorous and one non-tumorous tissue microarray (TMA) cores were collected from each patient. KRAS genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays. We assessed the immune landscape by evaluating the NLRP3 inflammasome, CD3, CD163, and PD-L1 expression.

RESULTS: The mutational landscape concerning the type of KRAS mutation was mostly homogenous across TMA cores, with KRASG12C being the most frequently detected alteration. Notably, in 19 cases, the dominant mutational subtype differed between the tumor punctures originating from the same tumor. Although KRASG12A mutation was not detected in LADC samples with a lepidic growth pattern and micropapillary LADCs lacked wild-type KRAS gene, no statistically significant association was found between the KRAS mutation subtype and LADC growth pattern. NLRP3 expression significantly correlated with CD3 and CD163 expressions (P<0.001), and elevated NLRP3 levels were characteristic of LADCs with solid growth pattern (P=0.001). Tumor samples with solid morphology expressed significantly higher levels of PD-L1 than acinar- or lepidic-pattern LADCs (P=0.007 and P=0.002, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: KRAS mutation subtypes may have a heterogeneous distribution across different tumor regions, contributing to cases with concomitant mutation subtypes that create significant diagnostic challenges. The growth pattern-specificity of NLRP3 and PD-L1 offers additional guidance for the future development of alternative immunotherapeutic approaches.

PMID:40673097 | PMC:PMC12261357 | DOI:10.21037/tlcr-2024-1092

Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2025 Jun 30;14(6):2197-2209. doi: 10.21037/tlcr-2025-505. Epub 2025 Jun 26.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Treatment of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains an unmet need. Among these patients, the efficacy of immunotherapy has not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with ALK-TKI-resistant NSCLC, stratified by programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression.

METHODS: We retrospectively collected the data of advanced NSCLC patients with ALK-rearrangement, who were treated with immunotherapy or chemotherapy after the development of ALK-TKI resistance at the Shanghai Chest Hospital. Progression-free survival (PFS) was used to evaluate the outcomes.

RESULTS: The final analysis included 89 patients between June 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022, who met the selection criteria. The entire cohort had a median follow-up time of 33.4 months. The patients who received immunotherapy had better PFS than those who received non-immunotherapy (median PFS: 5.3 vs. 2.5 months; P=0.009). The PD-L1-positive patients who received immunotherapy had a median PFS of 7.1 months, while those who received non-immunotherapy had a median PFS of 2.5 months (P=0.02). No such statistically significant difference was observed in the PD-L1-negative patients (median PFS for with immunotherapy vs. without immunotherapy: 1.5 vs. 2.9 months; P=0.68). The PD-L1-positive patients who underwent re-biopsy after the development of TKI resistance and who received immunotherapy had a PFS of 7.8 months, while those who received non-immunotherapy had a PFS of 2.7 months (P=0.002).

CONCLUSIONS: This was the first real-world retrospective study to show that some patients with positive PD-L1 expression may benefit from immune-based therapy after the development of ALK-TKI resistance. However, we still recommend biopsy for patients who develop ALK-TKI resistance to provide further treatment guidance.

PMID:40673075 | PMC:PMC12261234 | DOI:10.21037/tlcr-2025-505