Tag: pubmed

Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2025 Dec;21(1):2533639. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2533639. Epub 2025 Jul 15.

ABSTRACT

Vaccine hesitancy remains a significant public health challenge, particularly during pandemics when high immunization rates are crucial. While individual psychological antecedents of vaccine hesitancy have been extensively studied, limited empirical evidence exists on how contextual determinants, such as socioeconomic status, political trust, and digital literacy, collectively shape vaccine-related behaviors, particularly in Central European populations. This study explores the key determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Czech adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 48th wave of the Czech national panel survey Život během pandemie [Life During Pandemic], carried out in March 2023. The data were obtained via an online questionnaire administered to a nationally representative sample of Czech adults (n = 1,708). Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and anamnestic variables were examined alongside political attitudes. Psychological antecedents of vaccination were assessed using the 5C model (confidence, complacency, constraints, risk calculation, and collective responsibility), and digital vaccine literacy was measured using seven items covering trust in official sources, trust in social media, and the ability to evaluate and apply vaccine information. Statistical analyses included bivariate tests and multivariable regression models to identify vaccine uptake and intent determinants. Higher trust in constitutional institutions, including the president (OR = 1.55; 95/ CI: 1.38-1.74), government (1.60; 1.38-1.85), Chamber of Deputies (1.73; 1.48-2.02), and Senate (1.47; 1.29-1.69), was significantly associated with higher vaccine uptake. Similarly, positive attitudes toward the integration of Ukrainian refugees into Czech society – across domains such as work (1.63; 1.39-1.90), housing (1.59; 1.36-1.86), school (1.64; 1.41-1.92), language (1.57; 1.34-1.84), and culture (1.74; 1.50-2.03) – were positively associated with uptake. Greater confidence in vaccine safety and effectiveness was also a significant predictor (1.51; 1.44-1.58). In contrast, lower education (0.64; 0.56-0.73), lower income (0.91; 0.86-0.95), female sex (0.60; 0.47-0.76), and higher complacency (0.76; 0.73-0.80) were associated with reduced uptake. Respondents with better digital vaccine literacy, particularly those more adept at identifying misinformation, showed significantly greater vaccine confidence (mean score: 3.62 vs. 3.30, p < .001). Beyond psychological antecedents, institutional trust, political orientation, and digital vaccine literacy significantly shape COVID-19 vaccination behaviors. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions that address political and digital influences on vaccine hesitancy, and they highlight the need for future research to examine the causal pathways and longitudinal dynamics underlying these associations, particularly within Central and Eastern European contexts.

PMID:40665470 | DOI:10.1080/21645515.2025.2533639

Res Involv Engagem. 2025 Jul 15;11(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s40900-025-00734-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Paediatric intensive care provides specialist expertise and support for critically ill children, often with complex conditions or in life-threatening circumstances. Hospitalisation of a child in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) can be extremely stressful for both the child and family which makes research in this area challenging. The involvement of patients and families (consumers) in the design and conduct of research in PICU is essential to ensure research is aligned with their priorities and meets their needs. However, the current level of consumer and community involvement (CCI) in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) PICU research is unknown.

METHODS: This protocol reports a mixed-methods environmental scan employing two phases. Phase 1, a scoping review, will include published, unpublished, and ongoing PICU research, reporting information about study methodology and conduct, and CCI. Quantitative data will be primarily reported using descriptive statistics, and inductive content analysis will be used for qualitative data. Phase 2, semi-structured interviews, will be conducted with purposive sampling of research teams and consumers to gather insights about their experiences of CCI in PICU research, using content analysis to identify key concepts.

DISCUSSION: Environmental scanning is an effective approach to information gathering and has been used in healthcare as an optimal method for studying real-world interventions. Our study will advance understanding of the current state of CCI in PICU research, identifying strengths, challenges, and areas for improvement. With the assessment of the needs of both consumers and the research community, our study will enable the development of strategies for improving CCI and subsequently the quality of PICU research. A multifaceted approach to dissemination of the findings of this environmental scan, informed by consumer advisors, will be used to reach diverse audiences. This may include email distribution, social media, academic journals, conferences or relevant institutional symposiums.

PMID:40665450 | DOI:10.1186/s40900-025-00734-y

Perioper Med (Lond). 2025 Jul 15;14(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s13741-025-00559-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Imrecoxib is a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. As a moderately selective COX-2 inhibitor, it has achieved certain therapeutic effects in postoperative analgesia such as spinal, arthroscopic, and total hip arthroplasty. However, the efficacy of imrecoxib in postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still unknown. Therefore, this study aims to explore the clinical efficacy and safety of imrecoxib in postoperative analgesia after TKA.

METHODS: The 120 patients were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group was given one tablet of imrecoxib 4 h after surgery in addition to conventional treatment. Starting from the second day, the dose of imrecoxib was 0.1 g/time, twice a day. The control group only received conventional treatment. The observation indicators included visual analogue scale (VAS) score, joint range of motion (ROM), opioid consumption, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (PCR), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and incidence of adverse reactions.

RESULTS: At rest, the VAS pain scores of the experimental group at 24 and 48 h after surgery (3.033 ± 1.154, 2.700 ± 0.988) were lower than those of the control group (2.017 ± 0.128, 1.950 ± 0.589), with statistical differences (P = 0.000 < 0.05, P = 0.000 < 0.05). At movement state, the VAS scores of the experimental group at four postoperative time points (4.050 ± 0.805, 4.633 ± 1.048, 4.517 ± 1.057, 4.233 ± 0.844) were lower than those of the control group (4.433 ± 0.782, 5.067 ± 0.910, 5.800 ± 0.945, 5.167 ± 1.003), with statistical differences (P = 0.013 < 0.05, P = 0.027 < 0.05, P = 0.000, P = 0.000).The joint ROM of the experimental group at 24 h (84.783 ± 7.902) and 48 h (86.403 ± 10.367) was higher than that of the control group (76.725 ± 9.499, 79.802 ± 8.400), with statistical differences (P = 0.000 < 0.05, P = 0.000 < 0.05).The postoperative opioid consumption of the experimental group (0.567 ± 0.692) was significantly lower than that of the control group (2.783 ± 1.156), with a statistical difference (P = 0.000 < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Our prospective randomized controlled trial demonstrates that imrecoxib can effectively alleviate postoperative pain after TKA, reduce opioid dosage, and does not cause additional adverse reactions, providing a new option for analgesic treatment after TKA.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered with the China Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2300072839). Registered date: 20,230,616.

PMID:40665439 | DOI:10.1186/s13741-025-00559-z

BMC Res Notes. 2025 Jul 15;18(1):299. doi: 10.1186/s13104-025-07388-9.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an acute or subacute systemic viral disease of cattle that shows variation in the response of cattle to LSD virus infection. To better understand the mechanisms underlying this response diversity in field studies and under carefully controlled artificial infections, we studied the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two resilient versus three susceptible Holstein bulls before an infection challenge and three time points after that.

RESULTS: The host transcriptome profiling revealed that IL1RAP gene expression could be a potential determinant in distinguishing between resilient and susceptible cattle (padj < 0.05). It was significantly shifted from up-regulated prior to infection to down-regulated three days post-infection in the LSD-resilient cattle. Its expression remained up-regulated among the susceptible cattle post-infection compared to pre-infection. The results showed that seven days post-infection may be a critical time point for LSD infection. The Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment test showed a few enriched GO terms and pathways relevant to the LSD and the involvement of the IL1RAP gene. This pilot study, with limited statistical power, is the first to investigate bovine gene expression profiling in response to LSDV.

PMID:40665438 | DOI:10.1186/s13104-025-07388-9

BMC Psychol. 2025 Jul 15;13(1):793. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03136-7.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common endocrine disorder during adolescence. Self-care behaviors are the cornerstone of diabetes management. Effective self-care behaviors require individuals to perform a range of complex daily tasks, including monitoring blood glucose, adhering to dietary recommendations, administering insulin, and recognizing symptoms of hypo- or hyperglycemia. Two critical psychosocial and cognitive factors that influence the success of self-management are self-efficacy and health literacy. There are limited studies on the factors related to self-efficacy and health literacy associated with self-care behaviors among adolescents with T1DM in the Arab World, including Palestine. Therefore, this study investigated the associations between self-efficacy, health literacy, select demographic variables, and self-care behaviors among adolescents with T1DM in Palestine.

METHODS: A cross-sectional correlational design was used, and 156 adolescents aged 14-18 years were selected by a convenience sampling method from primary healthcare settings in Palestine between February and June 2024. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data, which included demographic variables, the Diabetic Health Literacy Scale, the Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Scale, and the Self-Care Inventory. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s and point biserial correlation tests, and multiple linear regression were used to examine the relationships between the study variables.

RESULTS: Participants reported high levels of self-efficacy (M = 108.80, SD = 14.92), low levels of health literacy (M = 2.12, SD = 0.78), and low engagement in self-care behaviors (M = 33.82, SD = 7.79). A positive correlation was found between self-efficacy and self-care behaviors (r = 0.396, p < 0.01). In contrast, age was negatively associated with self-care behaviors (r = -0.249, p < 0.01). Furthermore, self-efficacy and age were significant predictors of self-care behaviors (β = 0.196, p < 0.001; β = -1.256, p < 0.01, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: This study helps policymakers, healthcare providers, and parents develop strategies to enhance self-care behaviors through targeted interventions and educational programs. The findings may guide any future educational program or training sessions to improve self-care behaviors among adolescents with T1DM.

PMID:40665435 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-025-03136-7

J Eat Disord. 2025 Jul 15;13(1):138. doi: 10.1186/s40337-025-01264-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Early detection and treatment of eating behavioral problems among pregnant women are essential due to the associated adverse impact on pregnancy and the health of the offspring. Prenatal Eating Behaviors Screening (PEBS) tool, a 12-item self-administered questionnaire, can be used to screen for eating disorders (ED) during pregnancy. This study performed an Arabic translation of PEBS and a psychometric analysis to determine its validity and reliability.

METHODS: The standard forward-backward translation method was used to generate PEBS-Arabic. The 12-item Likert scale questionnaire was completed by 116 antenatal women in the tertiary maternity care hospital in Qatar. Content validity was determined by the content validity index (CVI) using input from five experts. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis (CFA & EFA) to test construct validity. The correlations between PEBS-Arabic scores and maternal characteristics were explored.

RESULTS: The mean total PEBS score in the cohort was 16.3 (± 5.2), with nulliparity and higher educational level resulting in statistically significantly higher mean scores. The PEBS-Arabic had a very good item-CVI and scale-CVI of 1.00. The overall Cronbach’s alpha was 0.77, which demonstrated good and acceptable reliability. The CFA using a single-factor solution showed an acceptable correlation for most items. In the EFA, a two-factor solution resulted in most items loading accurately into the pre-determined factors (bulimia and anorexia) with acceptable correlations.

CONCLUSION: The PEBS-Arabic is the first translated version of this pregnancy-specific screening tool for ED. This tool demonstrates good reliability, content and construct validity. This study is a valuable step towards understanding and detecting the prevalence and determinants of ED in pregnancy, with the aim of improving maternal, fetal and child health.

PMID:40665434 | DOI:10.1186/s40337-025-01264-4

Isr J Health Policy Res. 2025 Jul 16;14(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s13584-025-00708-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Nurses play a vital role in disaster response during emergencies. Nevertheless, limited attention has been paid to factors that influence nurses’ responses and challenges in prehospital settings. These issues became evident during the October 7, 2023, terror attack on Israel, when nurses heroically provided medical treatment, but there was no organized nurse-led initiative to provide emergency care in a prehospital setting.

AIMS: (1) To examine the factors associated with nurses’ intentions to provide prehospital emergency reponse during disasters; and (2) To understand multilevel determinantsof nurses’ prehospital emergency response to inform health policy recommendations.

METHODS: This study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Between February and December 2024, a self-reporting questionnaire was distributed to Israeli nurses (n = 315), followed by a qualitative phase involving an open-ended questionnaire completed by 20 healthcare professionals involved in medical care during the attack or in senior emergency preparedness roles. Descriptive and inferential statistics and qualitative content analysis were employed. We applied the socioecological framework to organize the results from both phases.

RESULTS: High personal resilience, readiness and self-efficacy, along with positive attitudes, low hesitancy, and residence in a rural-type settlement significantly predicted nurses’ intention to provide prehospital emergency care. Qualitative analysis revealed four key themes related to nurses’ prehospital roles: (1) individual barriers and facilitators, (2) interprofessional relationships and teamwork, (3) nurses’ roles within the community, and (4) organizational and policy challenges. Findings from both phases were synthesized using the socioecological framework for analysing prehospital nursing care during emergencies.

CONCLUSION: Nurses’ prehospital emergency response intentions are shaped by personal, professional, and policy-level factors. Beyond education, targeted health policies must clearly define nurses’ roles, strengthen interprofessional collaboration, and integrate nursing into disaster preparedness frameworks to improve system resilience and patient outcomes, particularly in the face of escalating environmental crises globally.

PMID:40665433 | DOI:10.1186/s13584-025-00708-1

Acta Epileptol. 2025 Jul 15;7(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s42494-025-00230-6.

ABSTRACT

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as an important therapeutic intervention, effectively addressing a spectrum of drug-resistant neurological and psychiatric disorders. Although its efficacy has been validated in adult populations, the current literature reveals a significant gap concerning its application in pediatric patients. Specifically, pediatric populations afflicted with severe conditions such as dystonia, drug-resistant epilepsy, Tourette syndrome, and some other neuropsychiatric conditions demonstrate an urgent need for alternative therapeutic options. This review systematically examined the existing literature on the application of DBS in pediatric neurological disorders, focusing on the aforementioned conditions. Preliminary findings indicate that while DBS shows potential for a specific subset of pediatric patients, the current data is limited and lacks statistical power. Reported cases exhibit varying degrees of therapeutic success. Although adverse effects associated with DBS in pediatric populations are rare, further investigation is essential to define safety profiles accurately. Future research should focus on conducting large-scale, randomized controlled trials to validate outcomes and determine optimal patient selection criteria, thereby broadening its clinical application within the pediatric population.

PMID:40665432 | DOI:10.1186/s42494-025-00230-6

Eur J Med Res. 2025 Jul 16;30(1):632. doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-02893-w.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Plenty of evidence proves the prospective diagnostic and prognostic utility of inflammatory markers in osteoporosis (OP). However, the relations of immune-inflammatory indices to OP remain elusive, with scarce conclusive evidence-based findings. Our systematic review and meta-analysis endeavored to unveil the links between immune-inflammatory indices and OP.

METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, as well as Cochrane Library, were thoroughly retrieved for research investigating the links of immune-inflammatory indices to OP, from database inception to February 20, 2025. Data were analyzed using odds ratio (OR), standardized mean difference (SMD), as well as corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were carried out for result robustness evaluation and heterogeneity source identification. Review Manager 5.4 and STATA 18.0 were utilized in every statistical analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 24 studies were included in this analysis. Eight cohort studies and 16 case-control studies based on 397,525 subjects and 11,904 cases were eventually screened and retained. The findings indicated significant positive relations of immune-inflammatory indices to OP risk. For categorical variables, elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (OR = 2.34, 95% CI 1.77-3.11; P < 0.00001), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.08; P = 0.01), as well as systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.04-1.30; P = 0.01) notably correlated with a increased OP risk. For continuous variables, individuals with OP exhibited significantly higher levels of NLR (SMD = 0.71, 95% CI 0.35-1.07; P = 0.0001), PLR (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI 0.17-0.68; P = 0.001), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI 0.16-0.91; P = 0.005), and SII (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.03-0.47; P = 0.03) compared to non-OP populations. Subgroup analyses revealed that geographic region and age were major contributing factors influencing the association between immune-inflammatory indices and OP.

CONCLUSION: Immune-inflammatory indices such as NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII are significantly linked to increased risk of OP. These indices may facilitate the early identification of individuals at high risk for OP and support timely preventive strategies. Given the inherent limitations of the current study, further prospective, multicenter clinical investigations are warranted to validate the relations of immune-inflammatory indices to OP. Trial registration Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, identifier: CRD420250656296.

PMID:40665418 | DOI:10.1186/s40001-025-02893-w

Eur J Med Res. 2025 Jul 16;30(1):633. doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-02900-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Inflammation is a crucial factor in the development of both osteoporosis and sleep disturbances; however, the mechanisms that connect these two conditions are not yet fully understood. This study aims to investigate the relationship among inflammation, osteoporosis, and sleep disturbances, and to assess whether osteoporosis acts as a mediating factor between inflammation and sleep disturbances.

METHODS: This study conducted a cross-sectional analysis utilizing data from participants aged 50 and older, sourced from the NHANES database for the years 2005-2010 and 2017-2018. The primary objective was to investigate the associations among inflammatory markers, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), osteoporosis, and sleep disturbances. All participants underwent measurement of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Additionally, DII scores were computed to assess dietary inflammation. To account for potential confounding variables, such as age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), we conducted multivariable regression analyses.

RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the ‘osteoporosis with sleep disturbances’ group exhibited significantly higher CRP levels and DII scores but lower NLR levels compared to the ‘without osteoporosis and sleep disturbances’ group. Among the four groups, two groups without sleep disturbances showed notably lower CRP levels. After controlling for potential confounding variables, we found a positive correlation among inflammatory markers, osteoporosis, and sleep disturbances. Notably, sex (with males as the reference group) moderated the relationship between inflammatory markers and sleep disturbances, demonstrating an adjusted effect size of – 0.430 for NLR (interaction p value = 0.008) and – 0.163 for CRP (interaction p value = 0.012). Additionally, a non-linear relationship was observed between NLR and sleep disturbances, as well as between NLR, DII, and osteoporosis. Mediation analysis indicated that osteoporosis partially mediates the effect of DII on sleep disturbances, accounting for 5.4574% of the total effect (p = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS: Men may exhibit a reduced resistance to inflammation-induced sleep disturbances in comparison to women. An increase in the DII may serve as a risk factor for both osteoporosis and sleep disturbances. Furthermore, osteoporosis partially mediates the relationship between the DII and sleep disturbances.

PMID:40665412 | DOI:10.1186/s40001-025-02900-0