Tag: statistics

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Mar 13;136(10):101001. doi: 10.1103/8g9h-68ms.

ABSTRACT

The distribution of absorption lines in the spectra of distant quasars, called the Lyman-α (Ly-α) forest, is a unique probe of cosmology and the intergalactic medium at high redshifts and small scales. The statistical power of ongoing redshift surveys demands precise theoretical tools to model the Ly-α forest. We address this challenge by developing an analytic, perturbative forward model to predict the Ly-α forest at the field level for a given set of cosmological initial conditions. Our model shows a remarkable performance when compared with the Sherwood hydrodynamic simulations: it reproduces the Ly-α forest flux power spectrum, its cross-correlation with dark matter halos, and the one-point probability distribution function of both fields at the percent level down to scales of a few Mpc. Our work provides crucial tools that bridge analytic modeling on large scales with simulations on small scales, enabling field-level inference from Ly-α forest data and simulation-based priors for cosmological analyses. This is especially timely for realizing the full scientific potential of the Ly-α forest measurements by the dark energy spectroscopic instrument.

PMID:41894784 | DOI:10.1103/8g9h-68ms

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Mar 13;136(10):105201. doi: 10.1103/48ys-3m6m.

ABSTRACT

The relaxation of many physical systems is constrained by collisions. However, most space and astrophysical plasmas are nearly collisionless, leaving open questions about the pathways of energy transfer and dissipation. In many turbulent plasmas, the electric field takes on the role of energy transfer leading to dissipation. Using measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission, we study the statistical properties of the electric field spectrum in the kinetic range of strong turbulence generated by magnetic reconnection in the Earth’s magnetotail. From the inertial to the kinetic range (often called the dissipation range) of scales, we find that turbulent fluctuations develop increasingly non-Gaussian features. The kinetic range contains two regimes with distinct behaviors in the power spectrum and measures of non-Gaussianity. In the subelectron kinetic regime (smaller than the electron gyroradius), the turbulence becomes isotropic and exhibits energy equipartition between the electric field and magnetic field. Our analyses indicate (1) a growing presence of intermittent structures that are expected to lead to enhanced energy dissipation, (2) changes in the electric field dynamics at the transitions between turbulence regimes, and (3) an asymptotic relaxation to a state of energy equipartition in the electromagnetic field in the subelectron kinetic range, where the energy transfer between the magnetic and electric fields appears to be near complete. These results reveal the importance of the electric field in mediating turbulence dissipation and relaxation in collisionless plasmas.

PMID:41894773 | DOI:10.1103/48ys-3m6m

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Mar 13;136(10):108301. doi: 10.1103/ylbh-8v74.

ABSTRACT

We study spatiotemporal chaos in two-dimensional dense active suspensions using a generalized hydrodynamic model. Increasing activity induces a structural transition marked by the formation of intense vortices and giant number fluctuations at the mesoscale. The flow self-organizes into locally polar-ordered regions coexisting with chaotic domains, producing a bimodal velocity distribution and enhanced correlations. This mixed-state morphology underlies the universal statistical behavior observed beyond a critical activity threshold. Reducing the instability timescale yields similar transitions, showing that both activity and instability act as control parameters for pattern formation. An energy-based order parameter derived from the system’s budget quantifies and unifies these structural transitions across the phase space of activity and instability timescales.

PMID:41894768 | DOI:10.1103/ylbh-8v74

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Mar 13;136(10):106501. doi: 10.1103/6bgj-bfdn.

ABSTRACT

Recent experiments reported evidence of superconductivity and reentrant integer quantum anomalous Hall (RIQAH) insulator upon doping the ν_{e}=2/3 fractional quantum anomalous Hall states (FQAHs) in twisted MoTe_{2}, separated by narrow resistive regions. Anyons of an FQAH generally have a finite effective mass and, when described by anyon-flux composite fermions (CFs), experience statistical magnetic fields with a commensurate filling. Here, we show that most of the experimental observations can be explained by invoking the effects of disorder on the Landau-Hofstadter bands of CFs. In particular, by making minimal assumptions about the anyon energetics and dispersion, we show that doping anyons drives plateau transitions of CFs into integer quantum Hall states, which physically corresponds to either a superconductor or to an RIQAH phase. We develop a dictionary that allows us to infer the response in these phases and the critical regions from the knowledge of the response functions of the plateau transitions. In particular, this allows us to relate the superfluid stiffness of the superconductor to the polarizability of CFs. As a first step toward a quantitative understanding, we borrow results from the celebrated integer quantum Hall plateau transitions to make quantitative predictions for the critical behavior of the superfluid stiffness, longitudinal and Hall conductivity, and response to out-of-plane magnetic field, all of which agree reasonably well with the experimental observations. Our results provide strong support for anyon superconductivity being the mechanism for the observed superconductor in the vicinity of the ν_{e}=2/3 FQAH insulator.

PMID:41894760 | DOI:10.1103/6bgj-bfdn

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Mar 13;136(10):100601. doi: 10.1103/8gmb-p619.

ABSTRACT

Estimating partition functions of Ising spin glasses is a cornerstone of statistical physics and computational science, yet it remains classically challenging due to its #P-hard complexity. While Jarzynski’s equality offers a theoretical pathway, its practical application is crippled at low temperatures by rare, divergent statistical fluctuations. Here, we introduce a quantum protocol that overcomes this fundamental limitation by synergizing reverse quantum annealing with optimized nonequilibrium initial distributions. Our method dramatically suppresses the estimator variance, achieving saturation in the low-temperature regime where existing methods fail. Numerical benchmarks on the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass and the 3-SAT problem demonstrate that our protocol reduces computational scaling exponents by over an order of magnitude (e.g., from ∼8.5 to ∼0.5), despite retaining exponential system-size dependence. Crucially, our protocol circumvents stringent adiabatic constraints, making it feasible for near-term quantum devices like superconducting qubits, trapped ions, and Rydberg atom arrays. This Letter provides a methodological framework for quantum-enhanced estimation in spin glass thermodynamics and beyond by harnessing nonadiabatic quantum dynamics to address a classically difficult problem.

PMID:41894753 | DOI:10.1103/8gmb-p619

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Mar 13;136(10):107101. doi: 10.1103/bbh8-n8dt.

ABSTRACT

The first-passage time (FPT) of a stochastic signal to a threshold is a fundamental observable across physics, biology, and finance. While renewal shot noise is a canonical model for such signals, analytical results for its FPT have remained confined to the Poisson (Markovian) case, even though non-Poisson arrival statistics are common in systems from neuronal spiking to gene expression. Here, we overcome this long-standing limitation by deriving a universal asymptotic formula for the mean FPT ⟨T_{b}⟩ to reach level b for renewal shot noise with arbitrary arrival statistics and exponential marks. Our central result is a simple, closed-form expression that exposes the physical mechanism by which temporal correlations in arrivals modulate the baseline Arrhenius law. We show that bursty arrivals introduce universal scaling corrections that markedly accelerate threshold crossings. In turn, nonbursty arrivals remain Arrhenius-like, directly linking temporal burstiness to Arrhenius scaling. Furthermore, we show and confirm numerically that the full FPT distribution becomes exponential at large thresholds, implying that ⟨T_{b}⟩ provides a complete asymptotic characterization. Our Letter, enabled by a novel exact expression for the moments of the noise, establishes a general framework for analyzing extreme events in non-Markovian systems with relaxation.

PMID:41894747 | DOI:10.1103/bbh8-n8dt

J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2026 Mar 27;35(1):59-66. doi: 10.15403/jgld-6560.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) significantly impact quality of life (QoL), healthcare utilization, and work productivity globally, yet data from Indonesia remain limited. This household face-to-face survey study aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of DGBI on psychological distress, dietary habits, QoL, and healthcare utilization among the Indonesian population based on Rome IV criteria.

METHODS: A total of 1,339 Indonesian participants from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of DGBI diagnoses in Indonesia was examined, including age- and sex-specific prevalence rates. Additionally, the association of DGBI with psychological distress (somatization, anxiety, depression), QoL, healthcare utilization, and dietary patterns were assessed.

RESULTS: In Indonesia, the overall prevalence of DGBI was 18.2% (95%CI: 16.2-20.4%). Based on anatomical sites, bowel disorders were most prevalent (13.2%; 95%CI: 11.5-15.1%), followed by gastroduodenal disorders (6.0%; 95%CI: 4.9-7.4%), anorectal disorders (2.0%; 95%CI: 1.4-2.9%), and esophageal disorders (1.9%; 95%CI: 1.2-2.7%). Participants with DGBI (n=244) exhibited significantly higher psychological distress, including increased somatization, anxiety, and depression, as well as lower QoL compared to those without DGBI (n=1,095). Additionally, individuals with DGBI demonstrated significantly higher healthcare utilization rates. Dietary patterns also differed markedly in DGBI participants, characterized by significantly higher consumption of milk and pasta and reduced intake of vegetables, legumes, and rice.

CONCLUSIONS: DGBI represents a significant health burden in Indonesia, substantially impacting psychological well-being, dietary behaviors, healthcare resource utilization, and overall QoL, consistent with global trends.

PMID:41894715 | DOI:10.15403/jgld-6560

J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2026 Mar 27;35(1):77-81. doi: 10.15403/jgld-6680.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an established procedure for treatment of biliopancreatic disorders. However, it is associated with a risk of complications, most notably post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Several evidence-based strategies have been shown to reduce this risk. These preventive measures, together with key ERCP quality indicators, are incorporated into international guidelines to enhance procedural safety and facilitate inter-center comparisons. This study aimed to evaluate the adherence of Slovak and Czech endoscopists to these recommendations.

METHODS: A voluntary, 20-item cross-sectional survey was conducted among selected ERCP centers in Slovakia and Czechia using a cloud-based platform between January and June 2024.

RESULTS: Twenty-six of 37 ERCP centers (70.3%, 14 from Slovakia and 12 from Czechia) responded to the survey. Post-ERCP pancreatitis and cannulation rates were systematically tracked by 53.8% and 38.5% of centers, respectively, and 42.4% applied objective measures when assessing difficult cannulation. Rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were routinely administered to unselected ERCP patients in 53.9% of centers, while 75% of the remaining centers withheld them from patients with a history of ERCP and prior papillotomy. Indomethacin was the only NSAID used. Only 26.9% of centers employed aggressive hydration according to the recommended protocol. Twelve centers (46.2%) placed prophylactic pancreatic stents during difficult cannulation when the pancreatic duct was accessible, whereas six centers (23.1%) reported using pancreatic stents only rarely. No significant differences were observed between Slovak and Czech centers.

CONCLUSIONS: Current monitoring practices of key ERCP quality indicators in Slovakia and Czechia, such as PEP incidence and cannulation outcomes, fall short of recommended standards. Although most centers apply prophylactic measures, these are not used universally. This underscores the importance of implementing mandatory quality monitoring and promoting further standardization and improvement in preventive practice.

PMID:41894708 | DOI:10.15403/jgld-6680

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2026 Mar 27;14:e59662. doi: 10.2196/59662.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hematological malignancies are a global health challenge, with a substantial number of deaths each year. Treatment adherence is crucial for improving patient outcomes in patients with hematological malignancies, but resource limitations and logistical challenges hinder optimal outpatient management. Digital health solutions such as the Remote Intelligence for Therapeutic Adherence (RITA) software as a medical device (SaMD) offer potential solutions by facilitating telemedicine visits and supporting patients in managing their treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and safety of RITA SaMD in improving patient adherence to treatment protocols for hematological malignancies.

METHODS: This prospective clinical investigation enrolled patients with hematological malignancies at Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo in Milan, Italy. The RITA SaMD group used the RITA platform, while the control group comprised historical patients. The primary end point was average therapeutic adherence to the prescribed drug treatment, measured as at least the 80% of the relative dose intensity, at month 3. Secondary end points were based on comparisons between the RITA SaMD group and the control group and included the average therapeutic adherence to the prescribed drug treatment at months 1 and 2, number of emergency room visits for minor and severe complications, and the average hospital stay. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the effectiveness of RITA.

RESULTS: Between July and December 2022, 119 patients were included in the analysis (57 in the RITA SaMD group and 62 in the control group). At multivariable analysis, the probability of being adherent to treatment at month 3 in the RITA SaMD group was significantly higher than that in the control group (odds ratio 3.0, 95% CI 1.0-8.8; P=.04). A total of 1476 self-reported adverse events (AEs) were collected through RITA SaMD usage, the majority (N=1080) being grade 1 events. During the study visits, 20 AEs were recorded by the study physician (16 in the RITA SaMD group and 4 in the control group). Of the recorded AEs during study visits, 14 were serious AEs (11 in the RITA SaMD group and 3 in the control group). None of the reported AEs was considered related to RITA SaMD usage.

CONCLUSIONS: The MargheRITA clinical investigation showed that after 3 months of using RITA SaMD, patients with hematological malignancies had 3 times higher odds ratio of being adherent to the prescribed treatment than the control group. The use of RITA SaMD facilitated the reporting of AEs, reinforcing the role of mobile health apps and software in optimizing patient outcomes. Further research is needed to fully understand its interdisciplinary potential and long-term impact on patient outcomes.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov CTI05260203; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05260203.

PMID:41894682 | DOI:10.2196/59662

JMIR Form Res. 2026 Mar 27;10:e82409. doi: 10.2196/82409.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sustainment of evidence-based programs within dynamic health care environments requires ongoing adaptation to internal and external changes. Yet, strategies to support the sustainment of large-scale programs in heterogeneous settings are understudied. We developed and implemented a 3-phase participatory approach to support the sustainment of GRECC Connect, a 19-site Veterans Health Administration program that uses a hub-and-spoke model to expand rural access to geriatric specialty care.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal is to describe a novel participatory approach for identifying sustainment strategies for large-scale health care programs in complex environments, using our experience with GRECC Connect as an example to illustrate the application of this approach.

METHODS: We implemented the following 3-phase participatory approach with GRECC Connect team members from 19 hub sites. Phase 1: hub site clinicians and staff completed the Program Sustainment Assessment Tool, a publicly available online self-assessment of sustainability capacity. Phase 2: all sites then participated in a virtual retreat to exchange information, knowledge, and experiences related to sustainment strategies. Phase 3: each site submitted a locally-developed sustainment plan created with input from hub site team members. The sustainment plan worksheet included 3 questions asking respondents to reflect on the value of the participatory approach to sustainment. The process and experience of implementing this approach were also documented in structured meeting notes. Responses to Likert scale questions were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.

RESULTS: Overall, there was a high level of participation across all 19 hub sites. In phase 1, a total of 25 individuals from 14 sites responded to the Program Sustainment Assessment Tool survey; in phase 2, a total of 58 individuals from 19 sites attended the retreat; and in phase 3, a total of 17 site sustainment plans were completed. Three primary sustainment paths were proposed and discussed during the retreat. Sites varied in their confidence to sustain program activities, but were able to articulate several barriers and facilitators specific to their site. The level of specificity in the sustainment plans varied considerably across sites. Most sites reported that this participatory approach was “very useful” (ie, ≥7 on a 10-point Likert scale) for planning their program sustainment.

CONCLUSIONS: This approach offered a framework for sites to learn from one another, anticipate local barriers and facilitators, and move from reflection to identifying next steps for maintaining core program activities. Here, we describe the process used to guide 19 site teams through sustainment activities. We found the process is well-received, with sites reporting that their participation was useful for planning their sustainment journey. In elucidating our process, we provide a blueprint for other programs seeking to support sustainment across heterogeneous health care networks.

PMID:41894680 | DOI:10.2196/82409