Tag: statistics

Health Psychol. 2025 Jul 17. doi: 10.1037/hea0001532. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Ambivalence in relationships is related to health-relevant biological outcomes. However, the antecedent processes that contribute to this association are unknown. The primary aim of this study was to test the prediction of the social ambivalence and disease model, which highlights the potential role of childhood trauma as an antecedent factor linking spousal ambivalence to inflammation.

METHOD: A sample of 107 heterosexual couples who had been married for at least 10 years was recruited. Participants completed the social relationship index to assess spousal ambivalence and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Blood was drawn to determine levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 as measures of inflammation.

RESULTS: Consistent with the social ambivalence and disease model, there was a significant indirect effect in which childhood trauma was related to greater spousal ambivalence which in turn was associated with higher hs-CRP levels. No evidence for the statistical mediational model was found for interleukin-6.

CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the potential role of childhood trauma as an antecedent factor linking spousal ambivalence to hs-CRP. It also highlights potential pathways that might be targeted for interventions pending further work. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:40673997 | DOI:10.1037/hea0001532

Health Psychol. 2025 Jul 17. doi: 10.1037/hea0001534. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To use a recently developed methodology, z-curve analysis, to estimate the likelihood of replication success for recently published studies in three leading health psychology journals with high impact factors that involved some form of a moderation analysis.

METHOD: Utilizing a z-curve analysis, we estimated the replicability, false positives, publication bias, and “file drawer ratio” of 124 independent tests of moderation with significant results published in recent issues of three leading journals in the field of health psychology. z-curve analyses were conducted for all the journals combined and each journal separately.

RESULTS: The distribution of z scores derived from all 124 studies indicated that the estimation of the expected replication rate and false positive ratio were 46.0% and 8.3%, respectively. The estimated file drawer ratio was 1.6, indicating that for every statistically significant interaction reported, nearly two nonsignificant interactions go unreported. In comparing the three journals, Health Psychology had the best overall results (expected replication rate = 52.3%, Soric false discovery rate = 4.8%, file drawer ration = 0.9). Of the 124 studies examined, 23 conducted power analyses to determine sample size, seven preregistered hypotheses, and three conducted a replication analysis.

CONCLUSION: Results suggest a need for change regarding both the methodological practices used and the publication processes in place to improve the validity and efficacy of research regarding moderation effects in behavioral medicine-this includes preregistering hypotheses, using formalized methods to determine sample size, and utilizing attention checks. Journals can encourage or require these practices and foster acceptance of nonsignificant results to limit publication biases. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:40673996 | DOI:10.1037/hea0001534

Neurosurg Rev. 2025 Jul 17;48(1):571. doi: 10.1007/s10143-025-03726-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Maurora stent (Drug eluting stent) is the first rapamycin-eluting vertebral artery stent system, and currently, there are no studies on the one-year outcomes of the Maurora stent in the treatment of severe vertebral artery ostium stenosis. Therefore, this study utilizes Cumulative sum (CUSUM) curve analysis to evaluate the one-year prognosis and restenosis rate of the Maurora stent in patients with severe stenosis at the vertebral artery origin.

METHODS: All patients were arranged in chronological order according to the sequence of their surgeries. CUSUM analysis was employed to assess the surgical learning curve. The point at which the CUSUM learning curve begins to descend marks the number of cases required to achieve procedural proficiency; this point delineates the transition from the initial stable phase to the mature phase. Postoperative Modified Rankin Scale(mRS) and NIHSS scores are visualized using histograms.

RESULTS: Ultimately, 38 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. At the 1-year follow-up, 89.47% of patients had an MRS score of 0, showing a statistically significant improvement compared to preoperative values (p < 0.05). The MRS scores at 1year post-procedure showed a statistically significant difference between the mature and stable groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that the Maurora stent (Drug eluting stent) is safe and effective in treating severe vertebral artery ostium stenosis, offering significant clinical value.

PMID:40673988 | DOI:10.1007/s10143-025-03726-4

Hum Genet. 2025 Jul 17. doi: 10.1007/s00439-025-02763-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region is a critical genetic locus associated with diverse complex traits, yet its intricate genetic architecture poses significant challenges to elucidation. Leveraging recent advances in regional heritability estimation and extensive datasets from the Million Veteran Program (MVP), we conducted a comprehensive investigation of the HLA region’s genetic architecture. This involved heritability estimation and genetic correlation analyses within the HLA region across European Americans (EAs) and African Americans (AAs). Our analyses demonstrated that in EAs, the HLA region exhibited significantly greater local heritability than other genomic regions of comparable length for lipid metabolic traits (triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL]), anthropometric measures (body mass index [BMI]), and suicide-related traits (suicidal ideation without suicide attempts [IDE] and suicidal thoughts and behaviors [SITB]) (false discovery rate [FDR]-adjusted empirical p-values < 0.05). Notably, this enrichment was not observed in AAs. Genetic correlation analyses revealed disparities between local HLA and genome-wide findings. EAs exhibited 16 significant local HLA correlations and 32 genome-wide correlations. Conversely, AAs displayed more significant local genetic correlations within the HLA region (14 pairs) than genome-wide (3 pairs), with two pairs (IDE-SITB, LDL-TC) concordantly significant. These findings underscore the HLA region’s substantial contribution to the variance of these lipid metabolic traits, BMI, and suicide-related traits. Further investigation into the genetic mechanisms by which HLA-mediated pathways influence these phenotypes is crucial for elucidating the complex role of this region, particularly concerning lipid metabolism and suicidal behaviors.

PMID:40673980 | DOI:10.1007/s00439-025-02763-9

Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2025 Jul 17;29(1):135. doi: 10.1007/s10006-025-01430-7.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: One of the challenges of orthognathic surgery (OS) is maintaining condylar position during osteosynthesis. It is believed that the post-surgical condylar position is related to postoperative morphological changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), as well as surgical stability.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to perform fractal analysis of the mandibular ramus in class II and class III patients undergoing OS, analyzing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images one month before surgery (T0), one month after surgery (T1), and six to eight months after surgery (T2).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fractal analysis was performed on coronal and sagittal reconstructions. Regions of interest (ROIs) were selected for each patient and evaluated region. The ROIs underwent a processing method described by White & Rudolph in 1999. After processing, fractal analysis calculation was performed using the box-counting method by the “Fractal Box Count” function of the ImageJ software.

RESULTS: When examining the different periods (T0, T1, and T2) among class II and class III patients, no statistically significant differences were identified (p > 0.05). This finding suggests stability in the fractal characteristics of the analyzed region, regardless of skeletal class.

CONCLUSION: OS for correction of Class II and Class III malocclusions did not demonstrate a significant impact on the microstructure of the mandibular ramus over time.

PMID:40673961 | DOI:10.1007/s10006-025-01430-7

Abdom Radiol (NY). 2025 Jul 17. doi: 10.1007/s00261-025-05107-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of MultiVane (MV) sequence, which is a motion correction technique using rotating blades, for patients with uterine endometrial cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study enrolled 42 patients with histopathologically confirmed uterine endometrial cancer, who underwent preoperative MRI including sagittal T2-weighted images (T2WI) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images (CE-T1WI) acquired using both turbo spin-echo (TSE) and MV sequences with approximately matched acquisition times. Two experienced radiologists independently evaluated all sagittal images. First, the readers assessed the degree of motion artifacts and measured the signal intensity of the tumor and myometrium to calculate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and tumor-to-myometrium contrast ratio (CR). Second, the readers assessed the depth of myometrial invasion on sagittal T2WI and CE-T1WI acquired using TSE and MV sequences. Image quality and diagnostic performance for assessing myometrial invasion were compared between TSE and MV sequences.

RESULTS: Motion artifacts were significantly improved on MV sequence than on TSE sequence (p < 0.01). The SNR and CR were not significantly different between TSE and MV sequences (p > 0.05). Sensitivities, specificities, accuracies, and area under the curve for the diagnosis of myometrial invasion were slightly increased on MV sequence than on TSE sequence, but these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: MV sequence contributes to the improvement of motion artifacts in the female pelvis without degrading SNR and CR of endometrial cancer and myometrium compared to TSE sequence. MV sequence did not significantly improve the diagnostic performance for assessing myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer, possibly due to the limited imaging plane and small sample size.

PMID:40673939 | DOI:10.1007/s00261-025-05107-3

J Neurophysiol. 2025 Jul 17. doi: 10.1152/jn.00060.2025. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Humans can effectively adapt to changes in the environment to maintain adequate motor performance in a vast range of situations. However, residual errors tend to persist when strong a priori assumptions about the statistical regularities of the environment are violated. In our study, we challenged the expectation that inanimate objects are usually at rest. To this end, we used a robotic interface to move a plate over which participants slid their finger while reaching towards a target. We found limited evidence of adaptation after prolonged exposure to this perturbation, and only when visual feedback about hand position was provided. Although participants were aware of the motion of the contact surface, explicit knowledge about its direction was limited. Our results provide important insights on the limits of adaptation to motion perturbation in the somatosensory system, which can inform the design of technology applications such as haptic interfaces and collaborative robots.

PMID:40673926 | DOI:10.1152/jn.00060.2025

Med Biol Eng Comput. 2025 Jul 17. doi: 10.1007/s11517-025-03419-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Echocardiography sequence segmentation is vital in modern cardiology. While the Segment Anything Model (SAM) excels in general segmentation, its direct use in echocardiography faces challenges due to complex cardiac anatomy and subtle ultrasound boundaries. We introduce SAID (Segment Anything with Implicit Decoding), a novel framework integrating implicit neural representations (INR) with SAM to enhance accuracy, adaptability, and robustness. SAID employs a Hiera-based encoder for multi-scale feature extraction and a Mask Unit Attention Decoder for fine detail capture, critical for cardiac delineation. Orthogonalization boosts feature diversity, and I $_{}^2$ Net improves handling of misaligned contextual features. Tested on CAMUS and EchoNet-Dynamics datasets, SAID outperforms state-of-the-art methods, achieving a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 93.2% and Hausdorff Distance (HD95) of 5.02 mm on CAMUS, and a DSC of 92.3% and HD95 of 4.05 mm on EchoNet-Dynamics, confirming its efficacy and robustness for echocardiography sequence segmentation.

PMID:40673922 | DOI:10.1007/s11517-025-03419-6

Anal Bioanal Chem. 2025 Jul 17. doi: 10.1007/s00216-025-06010-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Pesticide contamination is a global challenge, threatening agricultural production and environmental safety. To address the urgent need for efficient and reliable pesticide detection methods, we developed a novel multi-channel colorimetric sensor array based on HAuCl₄-mediated oxidation reactions. This innovative system incorporates six distinct colorimetric channels coupled with advanced multivariate statistical analysis, enabling simultaneous detection and discrimination of multiple pesticide residues. Through systematic optimization of key reaction parameters, the developed sensor improved selectivity and classification accuracy, particularly for structurally similar pesticides. The platform successfully identifies 11 different classes of pesticides and distinguishes five specific pesticides across various concentration levels. This approach overcomes the limitations of traditional single-target detection methods by employing multi-parameter analysis for accurate pesticide identification. Notably, the proposed method offers several practical advantages, including simple operation, rapid detection (within 30 min), high sensitivity (detection limits of 6 μg/mL), and cost-effectiveness by eliminating the need for expensive instrumentation. These features make the developed sensor array particularly suitable for on-site pesticide screening and food safety monitoring applications.

PMID:40673917 | DOI:10.1007/s00216-025-06010-y

Rheumatol Int. 2025 Jul 17;45(8):174. doi: 10.1007/s00296-025-05913-4.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) displays varying disease activity over time. However, few studies have examined the association between disease activity and seasonal differences, and consequently, evidence of a seasonality in disease activity in axSpA is limited. We therefore aimed to study the variation in measures of disease activity, perceived well-being, and functional ability, including both patient-reported and objective measures throughout the year, and their relationship with seasons.

METHODS: Objective and patient-reported disease parameters from 44 987 assessments on 5197 individuals were retrieved from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality register. The variation in different measures of disease activity over the year was examined using generalized additive models with cyclic cubic splines.

RESULTS: Patient reported and objective measures of disease were found to vary congruently over the year, with a trend of decreased disease parameters in the spring. Mean CRP values showed a statistically significant variation throughout the year, with highest in July (7.35 mg/L) and lowest in March (6.88 mg/L). Significant seasonal variation was also seen in BASDAI (range of mean values 3.67-3.72), BASFI (2.79-2.87) and BASMI (3.26-3.31), with highest values in late summer, beginning of fall, or in the fall, respectively. In subgroup analysis, significant variation was only seen in subjects with a disease duration of more than 10 years.

CONCLUSION: Although a statistically significant seasonal variation in disease parameters was found, the absolute variation was close to none and may therefore be clinically irrelevant.

PMID:40673910 | DOI:10.1007/s00296-025-05913-4