Tag: statistics

BMC Nurs. 2025 Jun 20;24(1):663. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03307-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Parenting practices are relevant in shaping children’s psychological development, and positive parenting tends to be associated with positive outcomes. These practices significantly affect adolescents’ mental health by influencing depression, suicidal behaviours, and attitudes towards suicide.

AIM: To examine the predictive role of parenting styles and depression in vulnerability to suicidal ideation among university students.

METHODS: A descriptive correlational study was conducted with 480 university students recruited using stratified multistage cluster sampling from the Faculty of Health Sciences (Medicine and Nursing), Mathematical Sciences (Engineering and Computer Science), and Human Sciences (Arts and Commerce) at Port-Said University. The instruments used for data collection included the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), Beck Depression Inventory, Morey Suicidal Ideation Scale (SUI), and a sociodemographic data sheet. Statistical analysis included Spearman correlation, non-parametric tests, and mediation analysis to explore the direct and indirect relationships.

RESULTS: Participants’ ratings ranged from moderate levels of depression (13.85 ± 7.68) to suicidal ideation (10.20 ± 5.32). In this regard, participants provided higher ratings for the scores of authoritative parenting reported by both mothers and fathers, with mean scores of 48.61 ± 10.59 and 45.96 ± 10.34, respectively. Suicidal ideation was somewhat negatively related to parenting style (p < 0.001), and there was a negative relationship between depression and the maternal parenting style (p < 0.0001). In contrast, depression was positively correlated with suicidal ideation (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION: The study concluded that Parenting styles significantly influence university students’ mental health. Warmth combined with structure in parenting, which is authoritative parenting, is associated with lower levels of depression and suicidal ideation. These findings suggest that promoting positive parenting practices may foster students’ mental well-being.

CLINICAL TRIAL: No clinical trial.

PMID:40542345 | DOI:10.1186/s12912-025-03307-2

BMC Nurs. 2025 Jun 20;24(1):661. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03306-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes an integral part of healthcare, nursing practice is rapidly evolving, requiring a deeper understanding of how nurses’ attitudes toward AI influence essential competencies such as creative self-efficacy and clinical reasoning competency, both of which are crucial for delivering safe and effective patient care.

AIM: This study aimed to explore the relationship between nurses’ AI-related attitudes, creative self-efficacy, and clinical reasoning competency.

METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive-correlational design was employed, involving a convenience sample of 380 nurses working in critical care units at a university-affiliated hospital in Egypt. Data were collected using three validated instruments: the Nurses’ Artificial Intelligence Attitudes Scale, the Creative Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Clinical Reasoning Competency Scale. Data analysis included both descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS: The majority of nurses demonstrated high levels of AI-related attitudes and clinical reasoning competency, while moderate levels of creative self-efficacy were observed. A strong positive correlation was found between AI attitudes and both creative self-efficacy and clinical reasoning competency (r = 0.559 and r = 0.728, p < 0.001, respectively). Regression analysis confirmed that AI attitudes were significant predictors of both creative self-efficacy and clinical reasoning competency, explaining 37.4% and 56.5% of their variance, respectively. Additionally, educational qualifications and years of nursing experience were identified as significant factors influencing these competencies.

CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Positive attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI) play a crucial role in enhancing nurses’ creative self-efficacy and clinical reasoning competency. Therefore, fostering positive perceptions of AI and providing targeted training are vital to prepare nurses for AI-integrated clinical environments. Integrating AI-focused content into nursing education and promoting continuous professional development are key strategies to strengthen nurses’ readiness to engage with AI-driven healthcare. Additionally, healthcare organizations and nursing leaders should create supportive environments that encourage AI adoption while preserving the principles of patient-centered care.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

PMID:40542340 | DOI:10.1186/s12912-025-03306-3

BMC Infect Dis. 2025 Jun 20;25(1):806. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-11220-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is a gap between tuberculosis (TB) infection and the onset of clinical TB disease, which makes identifying TB transmission dynamics a prominent challenge. Different reports were made on the concordance of drug-resistance profiles between the household contact and the purported index case. This study investigated the drug-resistance pattern concordance of the index-household contact pair in central Ethiopia.

METHOD: A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted on Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates identified from bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB patients and their household contacts (HHCs) in central Ethiopia from January to December 2023. Sputum specimens were collected from index cases and presumptive HHCs and examined using the Xpert Ultra assay, Xpert XDR assay, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.

RESULT: Among 902 TB symptoms screened HHCs of 303 index cases, 20.17% (182/902) had Presumptive TB, and 7.14% (13/182) developed active tuberculosis. In index cases, 23.52% (64 /272) showed resistance to at least one of the five first-line anti-TB drugs. The prevalence of mono-resistant to STR, INH, RIF, and PZA was: 2.20% (6 /272), 2.20% (6/272), 6.25% (17/272), and 1.47% (4/272), respectively. Any first-line anti-TB drug resistance was higher among relapse cases than new cases, at 41.67% (10/24) and 21.77% (54/248), respectively. Among the RR/MDR-TB cases tested with the Xpert MTB/XDR assay, 56.81% (25/44) cases showed resistance to INH. Among these 25 INH resistance samples, 5 had no melting point on the wild ahpc gene as well as on the ahpc gene mutant. In HHCs with positive cultures, 23.07% (3/13) displayed resistance to any first-line anti-TB medication. Only 69.23% (9/13) of HHCs had isolates that aligned with the pDST pattern of the index case for all five first-line anti-TB drugs.

CONCLUSION: Nearly one-third of the household contacts have discordant drug-resistance profiles from the index patients. This study offers compelling proof that it is not advisable to treat close contacts without DST results based on the DST results of the supposed source case. The low drug resistance rate to new oral second-line drugs in this study did not guarantee the absence of resistance to each drug.

PMID:40542339 | DOI:10.1186/s12879-025-11220-x

BMC Nurs. 2025 Jun 20;24(1):665. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03333-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Nurses to assist patients make the best choices in challenging circumstances, counseling is crucial. Patients’ health and quality of life can be enhanced by healthcare providers, particularly nurses, through counseling and educational initiatives. Fibromyalgia is characterized by widespread pain that negatively impacts an individual’s ability to work. People may be able to improve their physical and mental health and accept suffering with the use of nursing counseling methods.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effect of counselling intervention on symptoms, pain acceptance, and the psychological well-being of patients with fibromyalgia.

DESIGN: A quasi-experimental (study and control group pre/post-test) design included 120 patients with fibromyalgia during their follow-up visits to the outpatient rheumatology clinic at El-Demerdash Hospital affiliated with Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION: (1) Structured Interview Questionnaire for Patients with Fibromyalgia, (2) Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, (3) Psychological well-being Questionnaire.

RESULTS: Post intervention, there were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of psychological well-being, pain acceptance, and symptoms (p < 0.05). Regarding the total level of pain acceptance post implementation of the counseling intervention, there was a highly statistically significant difference between the study and control groups. Post the implementation of the counseling intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in the study group’s anxiety, depression, vitality, positive well-being, and general health (0.03*, 0.01**). Additionally, the study group’s pain willingness and activity engagement subscales showed statistically significant differences, with a p-value of less than 0.001. Additionally, there were statistically significant differences between the groups pre and post the program’s implementation in terms of psychological well-being, pain acceptance, and symptoms (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with fibromyalgia under research report statistically significant improvements in their psychological well-being, pain acceptance, and symptoms when counseling interventions are used.

RECOMMENDATIONS: In addition to the standard nursing care provided to patients in all fibromyalgia treatment clinics, counseling interventions must be included. Clinics must schedule counseling sessions on a monthly basis. To increase their understanding and boost their mental and physical health, it should be updated on a regular basis. More study is needed to evaluate the biopsychosocial needs of such people and treat all the fibromyalgia-related signs and symptoms.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

PMID:40542337 | DOI:10.1186/s12912-025-03333-0

Thromb J. 2025 Jun 20;23(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s12959-025-00760-6.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Deep Vein Thrombosis is a significant public health concern associated with high morbidity and mortality, mainly when left undiagnosed or untreated. In Ethiopia, fragmented data from various studies have reported varying prevalence and risk factors, necessitating a comprehensive synthesis. This systematic review aimed to identify and summarize the key factors contributing to deep vein thrombosis among patients in Ethiopia.

METHODS: The study used a systematic review and meta-analysis design, sourcing evidence from various electronic databases until April 04, 2025. Data was extracted from March 10-15 and analyzed from March 15-25, with the report generation until April 04, 2025. The mortality rate was assessed using the pooled odds ratio and the pooled proportion. A meta-analysis was conducted using R software, with forest plots for visual representation. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I² statistic. The quality of the studies was assessed using validated tools.

RESULTS: The review showed the pooled prevalence of deep vein thrombosis from eight articles was 5.6%( CI: 2.9, 8.5), with a 5% mortality rate (CI: 3, 8), and a 7.15%( CI: 2, 12) recurrence rate. Advanced age, being male, pregnancy, hypertension, diabetes, comorbid conditions, and a history of Deep Vein Thrombosis, high cholesterol level, orthopedic trauma, Alcohol consumption, and obesity, Patients with bilateral Deep Vein Thrombosis prolonged hospitalization, ward admission, and patient transfer from other hospitals, and use of central venous catheters were associate with increased the risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis development.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: The review showed that Deep Vein Thrombosis is a significant health concern in Ethiopia, with a prevalence of 5.6%, a mortality rate of 5%, and a recurrence rate of 7.15%. Factors such as advanced age, pregnancy, prior deep-vein thrombosis, comorbidities, intensive care unit admission, surgery, prolonged hospitalization, and central venous catheter use increase risk. To reduce DVT-related complications, routine risk assessments, early intervention strategies, and strengthened hospital protocols are essential.

REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD420251024491 was registered with PROSPERO on 06 April 2025.

PMID:40542335 | DOI:10.1186/s12959-025-00760-6

Discov Oncol. 2025 Jun 21;16(1):1171. doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-02913-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Chinese patent drugs, standardized formulations rooted in traditional Chinese medicine, have gained attention for their potential to induce programmed cell death (PCD) in cancer cells. Emerging evidence suggests that these formulations may affect multiple PCD pathways, including apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, thus offering a multifaceted approach to tumor suppression.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to map the global research landscape on Chinese patent drugs in cancer-related PCD, examining publication trends, principal contributors, and thematic evolutions. The analysis also sought to provide insights that could guide future investigations and clinical applications.

METHODS: Bibliometric data were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (1998-2023), focusing on articles investigating Chinese patent drugs and PCD in oncological contexts. R-bibliometrix was used for descriptive statistics and trend analyses, while VOSviewer generated network visualizations of co-occurring keywords, collaboration patterns, and co-citation clusters.

RESULTS: Overall publication output increased markedly, with China leading in both volume and impact. Collaboration networks revealed extensive international partnerships, underscoring global interest in standardized herbal formulations. Keyword mapping highlighted a shift from early apoptosis-centric studies to more diverse regulated cell-death pathways, indicating greater mechanistic depth and exploration of synergistic effects with conventional therapies.

CONCLUSION: Chinese patent drugs are increasingly recognized as promising agents for modulating PCD in cancer cells. Ongoing work focuses on standardized manufacturing, robust clinical validation, and mechanistic elucidation. These trends position Chinese patent drugs at a pivotal juncture for advancing integrative oncology and enhancing patient outcomes.

PMID:40542322 | DOI:10.1007/s12672-025-02913-5

Environ Monit Assess. 2025 Jun 21;197(7):786. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14191-3.

ABSTRACT

Effective nutrient management in fruit orchards necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the spatial variability of both soil and leaf nutrients. This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of soil fertility parameters and mango leaf nutrient concentrations across 57 orchards in the Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh, employing geostatistical techniques and principal component analysis (PCA). Composite soil samples were collected at two depths: surface (0-20 cm) and sub-surface (20-40 cm), along with corresponding leaf samples and analyzed for macro and micronutrient contents. Descriptive statistics revealed substantial variability, particularly in available P (CV: 39.27%), K (55.16%), Fe (47.59%), and Cu (44.16%). Semivariogram modeling indicated strong spatial dependence for soil pH, EC, and P, and for leaf P, K, Fe, and Mn, with nugget-to-sill ratios below 0.25. Spatial distribution maps generated through kriging revealed significant heterogeneity in both soil and leaf nutrient contents. Leaf Mg showed extremely high variability (CV: 124.84%), highlighting localized nutritional imbalances. PCA extracted four principal components at each depth, collectively explaining over 56.20% (surface) and 55.70% (sub-surface) of the total variance, with high loadings for K, Fe, S, Zn, and N. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant associations between soil and leaf nutrients, notably available S with leaf K (r = 0.45) and soil organic carbon with leaf Mn (r = 0.31**). These findings highlight the pronounced spatial heterogeneity of nutrient distribution in mango orchards and underscore the critical need for depth and site-specific nutrient management strategies. Integrating spatial analysis with nutrient diagnostics can optimize input use, enhance mango yield and quality, and support the sustainable management of soil fertility in orchard ecosystems.

PMID:40542309 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-025-14191-3

Reprod Sci. 2025 Jun 20. doi: 10.1007/s43032-025-01912-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the primary cause of intra-uterine infections (human health) affecting 40-100% of pregnant women globally, with lower rates observed in high-income countries and higher rates in low- and middle-income regions, and it is vertically transmitted to fetus. Mutation in the TLR4 gene is known for enhanced predisposition to several viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile gene polymorphisms and vulnerability to HCMV infection in pregnant women. A total of 400 pregnant women, 150 patients infected with HCMV during pregnancy and 250 age-matched control individuals uninfected with virus, age between 18 and 40 years were included in this study. DNA was extracted and PCR was carried out for screening HCMV infection and TLR4 allele-specific polymorphisms using PCR-based genotyping assay. This was achieved by a genotyping procedure that employs PCR. Prevalence rates of genotypes and alleles in TLR4 SNP were calculated; both in the HCMV infected and uninfected pregnant women by means of descriptive statistics. The results suggested that women with a heterozygous genotype for TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms have an increased predisposition to HCMV infection (p = 0.037 and p = 0.024, respectively). Our analysis revealed that individuals with Gly and Ile alleles had a higher susceptibility to HCMV infection (p = 0.013 and p = 0.001, respectively). The IIe/Gly haplotype showed a significant correlation with the probability of illness compared to the control group (p = 0.006). A correlation was also seen between increased TLR4 mRNA expression and HCMV positivity (p = 0.04). Thus, polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) seem to contribute to the occurrence of HCMV infection in pregnant women.

PMID:40542308 | DOI:10.1007/s43032-025-01912-9

Int J Mycobacteriol. 2025 Apr 1;14(2):132-139. doi: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_30_25. Epub 2025 Jun 20.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aims to identify the signatures of natural selection in the pyrazinamidase (pncA) gene to see if genetic adaptations by Darwinian natural selection have shaped genetic composition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb).

METHODS: The present analyses were based on 209 DNA sequences (561 bp) of the pncA gene of the bacterial pathogen, Mtb from seven different counties (Peru, Pakistan, South Africa, Mexico, India, China, and Kuwait) endemic to tuberculosis (TB). Before conducting tests for Darwinian natural selection in the pncA gene, we conducted several tests for neutrality in all the available DNA sequences after retrieval from public domains. Several statistical analyses under different algorithms were conducted and biological/evolutionary inferences were drawn.

RESULTS: The 209 sequences of the pncA gene in Mtb belonging to seven different countries were found to be perfectly aligned with the reference sequence. Data analyses under different population genetic models revealed the highest genetic diversity in India, followed by Peru; the lowest was in China. Interestingly, four populations; Peru, Pakistan, India, and Kuwait were found to be deviated from neutral model of evolution based on Tajima’D (TD) values; two populations (India and Peru) based on Fu and Li’s D and F (FLD and FLF) test values and five populations (India, Peru, Pakistan, South Africa, and Kuwait) based on Fay and Wu’s H (FWH) test. Moreover, based on the statistically significant results of neutrality tests, evidence for positive selection in three populations (Peru [P < 0.02945], Pakistan [P < 0.01767], and Kuwait [P < 0.00301]) at P < 0.05 level of significance] was found.

CONCLUSION: The present evolutionary genetic analysis of the pncA gene indicates different levels of genetic diversity in seven different country populations. As almost all the global populations showed deviation from neutral model and three populations showed signatures of natural selection, with no specific hotspot region identified for PZA resistance, this gene needs to be studied with larger population size covering countries with TB incidences to study the evolution of drug resistance in Mtb. This will help in the management of drug resistance and TB elimination plan.

PMID:40540657 | DOI:10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_30_25

Int J Mycobacteriol. 2025 Apr 1;14(2):126-131. doi: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_29_25. Epub 2025 Jun 20.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading global cause of infectious disease-related mortality. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients diagnosed with tuberculous arachnoiditis, a serious complication of TB affecting the spinal cord and nerve roots.

METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of adult patients admitted with tuberculous arachnoiditis to a tertiary care center between July 2011 and November 2021. A total of 119 patients were included. Data collected included demographics, clinical presentation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, treatment regimens, and outcomes assessed using the Modified Rankin Scale at presentation and follow-up. Predictors of outcomes, including mortality, were analyzed using SPSS software.

RESULTS: The median age of patients was 34 years (standard deviation ± 14.13), with a male-to-female ratio of 53:47. Common presenting features included lower-limb weakness (67% with power ≤3/5) and bowel/bladder dysfunction (61%). Higher CSF leukocyte counts and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection were significantly associated with worse outcomes; 63.6% of HIV-positive patients died before review. Elevated CSF protein levels were directly correlated with mortality. Longer duration of antitubercular therapy (ATT) was associated with improved outcomes. Statistical analysis identified HIV status and CSF protein count as independent predictors of mortality in TB arachnoiditis.

CONCLUSION: In this cohort of patients with tuberculous arachnoiditis, lower-limb weakness and bowel/bladder incontinence were the predominant clinical features. HIV seropositivity, elevated CSF protein levels, and duration of ATT significantly influenced patient outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of early diagnosis, prompt initiation of ATT, and management of associated factors like HIV in improving outcomes for patients with TB arachnoiditis.

PMID:40540656 | DOI:10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_29_25