Tag: statistics

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 22;15(1):13863. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98707-4.

ABSTRACT

Inconsistent findings and limited research from various countries highlight the need for further investigation of the relationship between Satisfaction with Green Space Attributes (SGSA) and Perceived Stress (PS) levels, which is crucial for informing urban planning strategists to improve residents’ mental health using green areas. Presented study explored these relationships and differences in greenery usage and preferences in connection with self-perceived stress levels in the study area of post-socialist cities and other settlements units in Poland-the country belonging to the former block of Socialist Countries of People’s Democracy (specific type of urbanism and influence on mentality of residents). Data collected in 2022 via Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI) covered demographics, green space utilization, SGSA, and PS levels using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Statistical analyses, including Kruskal-Wallis rank ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U-test and multiple regression, revealed that lower PS levels were correlated with higher SGSA across various greenery elements. Individuals with low stress levels spent more time in green spaces for leisure activities, mainly walking. However, satisfaction with greenery decreased with increasing stress levels, especially regarding the decrease of cleanliness, aesthetics and greenery amount. Multiple regression identified significant predictors of stress levels, such as health, greenery aesthetics satisfaction, income, and green area accessibility for children. The study underscores the importance of well-designed, diversified green infrastructure to enhance residents’ mental well-being. Accessible, well-maintained green spaces creating a network within urban environments are crucial for stress reduction. It is a guideline for policymakers and urban planners to create continuous green infrastructure consisting of various size and character green areas/elements and this green network should be as dense as possible, occupying every possible place.

PMID:40263565 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-98707-4

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 22;15(1):13897. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98643-3.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to identify the recovery predictors for patients with pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) and diabetes who are undergoing antibiotic therapy, and to develop an effective nomogram for predicting the antibiotic treatment duration (ORT). This retrospective study included consecutive PLA patients with diabetes who received antibiotic treatment, with ORT defined as the time from the initiation of antibiotic therapy to its cessation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the main predictors of ORT. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and a nomogram were subsequently constructed to predict ORT, and the accuracy of the nomogram was assessed using Harrell’s C-statistic and calibration curves. A total of 139 PLA patients with diabetes were included, with a median ORT of 17 days (interquartile range: 13-22 days). The study found that fever (P < 0.01), pre-treatment septic shock (P < 0.01), abscess diameter greater than 5 cm (P < 0.01), and elevated white blood cell count (P = 0.04) were independent risk factors for prolonged ORT, suggesting that patients with these factors had a significantly longer ORT compared to those without them. Prognostic analysis showed that patients exhibiting more predictive factors (e.g., high fever, shock, larger abscess, elevated white blood cell count) had a significantly extended ORT. Based on these factors, we developed a nomogram to predict ORT, with a Harrell’s C-statistic of 0.75, indicating good predictive accuracy. The calibration curve for predicting ORT demonstrated good consistency between the expected and actual results. This nomogram provides clinicians with a simple and practical tool to assess patient prognosis and guide the appropriate cessation of antibiotic treatment.

PMID:40263551 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-98643-3

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 22;15(1):13852. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98378-1.

ABSTRACT

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable promise in communicating with humans. Their potential use as artificial partners with humans in sociological experiments involving conversation is an exciting prospect. But how viable is it? Here, we rigorously test the limits of agents that debate using LLMs in a preregistered study that runs multiple debate-based opinion consensus games. Each game starts with six humans, six agents, or three humans and three agents. We found that agents can blend in and concentrate on a debate’s topic better than humans, improving the productivity of all players. Yet, humans perceive agents as less convincing and confident than other humans, and several behavioral metrics of humans and agents we collected deviate measurably from each other. We observed that agents are already decent debaters, but their behavior generates a pattern distinctly different from the human-generated data.

PMID:40263531 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-98378-1

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 22;15(1):13893. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98515-w.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to assess the levels of anxiety and depression among healthcare workers two years post COVID-19 infection and to validate the reliability and validity of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales in this population. This cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2024 using a simple random sampling approach to survey healthcare institution workers. A total of 1038 valid samples were collected, and anxiety and depression levels were assessed using the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales. Participants included healthcare workers such as doctors, nurses, administrative staff, and students. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, univariate, and multivariate analyses to explore the effects of variables such as occupation and gender on anxiety and depression. Long COVID was reported in 50.8% of participants. Occupational categories significantly influenced anxiety and depression levels: compared to students (reference group), doctors, nurses, and administrative staff exhibited significantly lower scores. Non-long COVID participants showed significantly lower anxiety and depression scores than those with long COVID. Additionally, the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales demonstrated high reliability and validity among COVID-19 population. Two years after COVID-19 infection, anxiety and depression levels among healthcare institution workers remain significantly influenced by occupational category and long COVID status. For healthcare workers, particularly those with long COVID and student groups, policymakers and healthcare administrators should consider optimizing mental health support systems. This includes implementing regular mental health screenings, providing personalized psychological interventions, offering counseling services, reducing work-related stress, and promoting the use of mental health assessment tools to improve the psychological well-being of this population.

PMID:40263530 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-98515-w

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 22;15(1):13997. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98681-x.

ABSTRACT

Approximately 70-75% of the costs of raising chickens are due to feeding expenses. Proteins, and energy account 95% of these costs. Soybean meal is primary protein source in chicken diets; however, it is expensive and not widely available in feed formulations. Therefore, exploring alternative protein sources like sweet lupines could be a promising option. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substituting soybean meal with sweet lupine (lupinus angustifolius) on the performance of Sasso T₄₄ dual purpose chicken. In the experimental treatments, soybean meal was replaced by sweet lupine at 0% (control), 15%, 25%, 30%, and 50% for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 respectively. A total of 180-day-old chickens with similar body weights (± 0.4 g SD) were used. A completely randomized design was employed, and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with SAS software (version 9.1). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in DM intake, body weight, body weight gain, and the characteristics of carcass and offal as the level of partial replacement increased from T1 to T5. Based on the findings of this study, broiler chickens can be fed sweet vitabor lupine as an alternative protein source in place of soybean meal.

PMID:40263525 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-98681-x

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 22;15(1):13974. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98168-9.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40263520 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-98168-9

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 22;15(1):13853. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97050-y.

ABSTRACT

The in-house ELISA SARS-CoV-2 serological assay, developed by the Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI) in Ethiopia, measures anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies. This study aimed to compare the performance of our cost-effective in-house ELISA with two established commercially available SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection assays during the pre-Omicron COVID-19 pandemic. In April 2021, serum samples were collected from 1441 students across 60 schools in Oromia, from 15 hotspot districts and towns. Socio-demographic data were gathered using CSentryCSProDataEntry7.2.1. Performance agreements between AHRI’s in-house ELISA and the two commercial assays were analyzed in these serum samples. Statistical analyses, including Cohen’s kappa (κ), overall percentage agreement, positive percent agreement (PPA), and negative percent agreement (NPA), were performed using STATA software. Diagnostic parameters were presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI), calculated using the Clopper-Pearson method. The performance comparison of the in-house ELISA showed substantial agreement with the two commercial assays. The overall concordance rate between in-house ELISA and Elecsys CLIA was 80.8% (95% CI 75.0-86.5), while the agreement between in-house ELISA and the Rapid LFA test (IgG + IgM) was 75.8% (95% CI 70.1-81.5). The kappa coefficients were: in-house ELISA vs. Elecsys CLIA (κ = 0.61, 95% CI 0.55-0.67), in-house ELISA vs. Rapid LFA test (IgG + IgM) (κ = 0.52, 95% CI 0.46-0.58), and Elecsys CLIA vs. Rapid LFA test (IgG + IgM) (κ = 0.73, 95% CI 0.67-0.78). The in-house ELISA demonstrated strong agreement with the Elecsys CLIA, showing a PPA of 81.7% and an NPA of 80.1%. Compared to the Rapid LFA test (IgG + IgM), which had a PPA of 83% and an NPA of 70.4%, the in-house ELISA exhibited better overall agreement with Elecsys CLIA. This study’s findings indicate substantial agreement between the in-house ELISA and Elecsys. However, only modest agreement was observed between the in-house ELISA and the rapid test (IgG + IgM). Together, these results suggest the utility of the in-house ELISA as a cost-effective tool for sero surveillance studies and monitoring the effect of interventions in resource-poor settings.

PMID:40263514 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-97050-y

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 22;15(1):13823. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97414-4.

ABSTRACT

Inadequate self-management has a significant impact on the mortality and morbidity of patients undergoing hemodialysis. The capacity for self-management is contingent on demographic, clinical, psychosocial, and cognitive factors. In particular, the role of family support and quality social interactions in this process is significant. The Individual and Family Self-Management Theory (IFSMT) emphasizes the integration of self-management into the lifestyles of the individual and family. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the factors that affect self-management in patients undergoing hemodialysis based on IFSMT. Data were collected from three tertiary-level hospitals in Korea from May to October 2021. A total of 140 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis completed a structured self-report questionnaire comprising questions on general characteristics, complexity of disease management, accessibility to healthcare services, health literacy, family functioning, self-efficacy, self-regulation, social support, and self-management behaviors. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA with Scheffé test as post-hoc analysis, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The study found that self-management in patients undergoing hemodialysis was influenced by “health literacy” contextual factor and “self-efficacy,” “self-regulation,” and “social support” process factors, based on the IFSMT framework. These factors accounted for 45.0% of the variance in self-management. These findings highlight the importance of the IFSMT in predicting self-management behavior in patients undergoing hemodialysis. It is essential to develop a comprehensive intervention that incorporates these contextual and process factors within the family setting, and future research should evaluate its effectiveness.

PMID:40263506 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-97414-4

Lung Cancer. 2025 Apr 19;203:108551. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2025.108551. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Data are limited on the efficacy of different TKIs for patients with atypical EGFR-mutated (AM) mNSCLC, a heterogeneous group excluding classical mutations (CM) L858R and exon19del. In our previous single-institution analysis, AM patients had longer survival with osimertinib than afatinib, but outcomes for patients with specific mutations could not be compared due to sample size.

METHODS: We performed a multi-institution, retrospective survival analysis of atypical EGFR mutated (AM) mNSCLC patients treated with 1L osimertinib or afatinib between 2015-2021 at 12 US institutions. Time to discontinuation (TTD) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared using log rank tests between treatment or mutation groups.

RESULTS: Among 52 patients identified, 32 (62 %) were treated with osimertinib and 20 (38 %) with afatinib. 20 had mutations in G719X (38 %), 12 in L861Q (23 %), and 5 in S768I (10 %). 34(65 %) had compound mutations: 20(62 %) had AM + CM, and 14(38 %) had ≥ 2 AMs. Among G719X (n = 20), afatinib was associated with longer time to discontinuation (TTD) (log-rank: p = 0.047) and longer OS (p = 0.043) vs. osimertinib. Median TTD (mTTD) was 20.3 m[95 %CI 7.3-24.2] and 9.4[1.7-14.0], respectively. For L861Q (n = 12), osimertinib was associated with longer TTD vs. afatinib (p = 0.004), with no statistical difference in OS (p = 0.215). mTTD was 7.2 m[2.2-12.3] and 1.3[0-3.1], respectively. In AM + CM (n = 20), osimertinib was associated with longer TTD and OS compared to those receiving afatinib (p = 0.037, p = 0.042, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with G719X alterations experienced longer TTD and OS with afatinib than osimertinib. In contrast, patients with L861Q alterations had longer TTD with osimertinib. In AM + CM pts, TTD and OS with osimertinib were longer than afatinib, suggesting that classical mutations may be driving the outcomes. Atypical EGFR mutations may warrant distinct treatment recommendations based on the specific mutation(s) identified, but more studies are needed.

PMID:40262226 | DOI:10.1016/j.lungcan.2025.108551

Nurse Educ Today. 2025 Apr 11;151:106748. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106748. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Postgraduate nursing students face complex academic-clinical integration challenges that may precipitate learned helplessness and impede professional development. The mechanisms through which psychological capital and self-directed learning influence learned helplessness in nursing education remain incompletely characterized.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to (1) evaluate the prevalence and determinants of learned helplessness among postgraduate nursing students, and (2) analyze the mediating pathways between psychological capital and learned helplessness through self-directed learning components.

DESIGN: Multiple academic medical centers and affiliated teaching hospitals across Chinese provinces.

SETTING: Conducted across multiple universities and hospitals in various provinces of China.

PARTICIPANTS: Full-time and part-time postgraduate nursing students and clinical nurses with completed postgraduate degrees were recruited between September and October 2024.

METHODS: Validated instruments assessed psychological capital (PCQ-24), self-directed learning (SRSSDL), and learned helplessness (LHQ). Analyses included descriptive statistics, stepwise regression, and structural equation modeling with 5000-sample bootstrapping to evaluate cognitive and interpersonal mediation pathways.

RESULTS: Participants demonstrated moderate-to-high learned helplessness (41.86 ± 14.03). Multiple regression analysis identified four significant protective factors: higher levels of hope (β = -0.29), enhanced learning awareness (β = -0.20), stronger professional identity (β = 0.23), and supportive mentor communication styles (β = 0.23) (all P < 0.01). In the mediation analysis, cognitive self-directed learning accounted for 81.8 % of the psychological capital-learned helplessness relationship, while interpersonal relationships mediated 23.4 %.

CONCLUSIONS: Psychological capital significantly reduces learned helplessness through dual pathways, primarily through cognitive self-directed learning and secondarily through interpersonal relationships. Educational interventions should adopt a comprehensive approach: (1) implementing psychological capital training programs incorporating resilience workshops and reflective practices, (2) transitioning to competency-based, self-directed learning models, and (3) establishing adaptive mentorship frameworks that prioritize supportive communication styles. These evidence-based strategies could effectively mitigate learned helplessness and enhance academic success among postgraduate nursing students.

PMID:40262224 | DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106748