Tag: statistics

J Prosthet Dent. 2025 Mar 15:S0022-3913(25)00111-8. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.02.012. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Data are lacking on interdental papillae color, including the effect of sociodemographic or behavioral factors, and which ceramic gingival specimens best match it.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to determine the color coordinates of healthy gingival papillae and compare them according to sex, age, dental hygiene, and smoking habits, to compare the color coordinates of the papillae to other gingival zones, and to present a valid set of pink ceramic specimens for use in subjective color selection with the gingival papillae.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Color coordinates of the attached gingiva and interdental papillae adjacent to the maxillary incisor were recorded by using spectrophotometry (Spectroshade; MHT Optic Research) in 62 White participants (124 papillae). To determine which color specimens best represented the interdental papillae, according to the acceptability thresholds (AT), 2 published databases were used: 15 validated ceramic gingival specimens and 133 ceramic gingival specimens. MANOVA was used for comparisons of color coordinates, and the coverage error was calculated to evaluate the guide.

RESULTS: The color-coordinate ranges of the interdental papillae were: L*: 42.2 to 57.5; a*: 16.8 to 30.6; and b*: 11.2 to 18.1. Statistically significant differences were found between all gingival zones for all color coordinates (P<.05). The interdental papillae were less yellow than the middle zone of attached gingiva and the free gingival margin, and redder than the mucogingival line. Using the Euclidean formula, the coverage error of the 15-specimen gingival guide was 2.71.

CONCLUSIONS: The gingival papillae of women were significantly lighter than of men, and the b* coordinate was higher in the papillae of smokers than non-smokers. Age or dental hygiene did not significantly affect interdental papillae color coordinates. Color differences exceeding the AT between the interdental papillae and each of the 3 attached gingival zones were found in a large part of the population. The 15 specimens were useful for subjective shade selection with the interdental papillae.

PMID:40090802 | DOI:10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.02.012

J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2025 Feb 22:S1053-0770(25)00170-3. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2025.02.030. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Outcomes of stopping sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) 5 days before open heart surgery (euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis [eDKA] rate, mortality, infection, hospital, and cardiovascular intensive care unit [CVICU] length of stay [LOS]).

DESIGN: Retrospective study.

SETTING: Academic university hospital.

PARTICIPANTS: Adult open heart surgery patients.

EXPOSURES: Patients on SGLT2i who stopped medications 5 days before open heart surgery versus non-SGLT2i-using patients.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We evaluated patients who were told to stop SGLT2i 5 days before receiving open heart surgery for eDKA development within 24 hours of hospital admission (12/14/2022 to 10/25/2023). Non-eDKA outcomes were compared between SGLT2i users and non-users using Wilcoxon rank sum and Chi-square testing as appropriate. Of 540 open heart surgery patients, 48 (8.9%) were prescribed SGLT2i’s before surgery; of these, 0 (0%) developed eDKA within 24 hours of hospital admission. Hospital LOS was statistically longer for patients with SGLT2i use (median [interquartile range]: 4 [4-5] v 4 [3-6] days, p = 0.003; mean [standard deviation]: 4 [3] v 5 [2], p = 0.03). We found no significant difference between patients with and without SGLT2i use in CVICU LOS (median [interquartile range]: 1.67 [0.95-2.09] v 1.17 [0.96-1.88] days, p = 0.14), in-hospital mortality (2.1% [1] v 0.6% [3], p = 0.3), or sternal infections (0 [0.0%] v 2 [0.4%], p > 0.9).

CONCLUSION: Postoperative eDKA was absent in SGLT2i patients told to stop medications 5 days before open heart surgery. LOS and infection and mortality rates appeared similar between the two cohorts. Stopping SGLT2i medications 5 days before open heart surgery appears safe.

PMID:40090790 | DOI:10.1053/j.jvca.2025.02.030

J Hepatol. 2025 Mar 15:S0168-8278(25)00140-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2025.02.031. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40090770 | DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2025.02.031

Clin Psychol Psychother. 2025 Mar-Apr;32(2):e70052. doi: 10.1002/cpp.70052.

ABSTRACT

Recent research highlights the role of childhood trauma in the development of eating disorders (EDs), suggesting that adverse experiences can disrupt emotional and cognitive development, leading to early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and interpersonal problems. EMSs are psychological structures encompassing cognition, emotions, images, and bodily sensations. These EMSs are hypothesized to mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and ED pathology. This study aimed to extend the investigation of how childhood trauma leads to interpersonal difficulties, mediated by EMSs. This cross-sectional study recruited 321 patients with EDs: n = 77 Anorexia Nervosa-Restricting (AN-R), n = 26 AN-Binge/Purge (AN-BP), n = 94 Bulimia Nervosa (BN), and n = 124 Binge Eating Disorder (BED). They completed the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-32), Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF). Path analyses were conducted to examine associations between childhood trauma, EMSs, and interpersonal problems. Results indicated that patients with BED reported the highest levels of sexual abuse. Those with BN exhibited higher scores across all EMS domains. Positive correlations were found between childhood adversities, EMS domains, and interpersonal problems, except for the relationship between sexual abuse and schema domains. Mediation analyses revealed significant indirect effects of emotional abuse on interpersonal problems through disconnection and rejection domain. This study consolidates the notion that EMSs mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and interpersonal problems in ED patients, highlighting the importance of addressing early trauma and EMSs to improve therapeutic outcomes. Future research should focus on longitudinal analyses to better understand the temporal development of these relationships.

PMID:40090762 | DOI:10.1002/cpp.70052

Clin Breast Cancer. 2025 Apr;25(3):e288-e300.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2024.11.012. Epub 2024 Nov 26.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Mobile mammography (MM) can reach women who otherwise would not or could not utilize facility-based mammography (FBM) due to various socioeconomic factors and access barriers. Most literature evaluates individual MM programs and has not explored the potential impact of MM in a large, nationally representative, claims dataset.

OBJECTIVE: To examine factors associated with MM utilization among female Medicare beneficiaries and whether MM is associated with increased mammography utilization compared use of FBM only.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective analysis of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) 5% Research Identifiable File data from years 2004 to 2021 used logistic regression to assess likelihood of receiving MM compared with FBM. Linear regression assessed factors associated with decreased mammography utilization. Heat maps demonstrated the geographic density of MM use compared with FBM-only use.

RESULTS: Among 2,630,670 screening eligible women, 1,302,069 (49.5%) had a mammogram, of which 4,973 (0.4%) used MM. MM use was associated with age from 50 to 64 years, American Indians or Alaska Natives, fewer comorbidities, rural geography, residence in the West, and lower community income. On multivariate regression, American Indian or Alaska Native race was most predictive of MM (odds ratio 5.53; 95CI 4.73-6.47). Heat maps showed that areas of MM usage overlap areas of FBM-only usage.

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest MM is utilized by traditionally underserved beneficiaries (ie, non-White in less economically resourced areas), but it is not a replacement for FBM. MM is an augmentative service, potentially offering screening mammography to women who may not have otherwise been screened due to access issues stemming from socioeconomic, geographic, or cultural barriers.

PMID:40090755 | DOI:10.1016/j.clbc.2024.11.012

Ind Health. 2025 Mar 17. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.2024-0158. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the association between work stress and sleep disturbance among Korean workers, focusing on the mediating effects of somatic and cognitive pre-sleep arousal symptoms. Data were derived from the “Korean Work, Sleep, and Health Study (KWSHS),” involving 4,393 participants. Work stress was assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale, and sleep disturbances were measured using the Insomnia Severity Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale was utilized for assessing pre-sleep arousal status. For statistical analyses, the χ² test, logistic regression analysis, and mediation analysis were used. Mediation analysis revealed that somatic pre-sleep arousal predominantly mediated the relationship between hazardous physical environments and insomnia symptoms (52.5%), while cognitive pre-sleep arousal was the primary mediator for high job demands (48.0%), organizational injustice (48.6%), and job insecurity (46.6%). These findings suggest that somatic and cognitive pre-sleep arousal serve distinct mediating roles in the relationship between specific types of work stress and sleep disturbances.

PMID:40090712 | DOI:10.2486/indhealth.2024-0158

Int Heart J. 2025 Mar 15. doi: 10.1536/ihj.24-560. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to explore the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion polymorphism in the 16th intron and the occurrence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensive individuals.This study included 269 patients with hypertension from Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University who underwent echocardiographic examinations. Among them, 55 patients had hypertension combined with LVH, while 214 patients with hypertension did not have LVH, serving as the case and control groups, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to perform genetic testing for hypertension in all 269 patients. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was used to assess genetic equilibrium. The differences in genotype frequencies between the case and control groups were analyzed using the chi-square test. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 27.0.1), with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.Genotype distribution in the case and control groups conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in genotype distribution between the case and control groups.Conclusion: ACE gene polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of hypertension combined with LVH.

PMID:40090707 | DOI:10.1536/ihj.24-560

Psychogeriatrics. 2025 May;25(3):e70024. doi: 10.1111/psyg.70024.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to examine the factors associated with suicidal ideation in a community-dwelling older adult population in Korea. Specifically, the study focuses on the role of emotional abuse and depression, and investigates the mediating effect of depression in the relationship between emotional abuse and suicidal ideation.

METHODS: This study utilised data from 10 097 individuals aged 65 and older, based on a 2020 survey conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs.

RESULTS: In our study, 1.9% of older adults reported suicidal ideation, 4.4% reported experiencing emotional abuse, and 12.8% reported having depression (defined as a score of ≥8 on the short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale). Our results revealed that younger-older adults, older adults living without a spouse, poor social support, subjective health status, emotional abuse (odds ratio (OR) = 2.929), and depression (OR = 5.152) were found to be significantly associated with suicidal ideation after controlling for all confounding factors. Furthermore, the mediation analysis revealed that the OR for emotional abuse decreased from 3.284 to 2.929 after accounting for depression, suggesting that depression partially mediates the relationship between emotional abuse and suicidal ideation.

CONCLUSION: Emotional abuse and depression were found to be associated with suicidal ideation in community-dwelling Korean older adults. Notably, depression was found to buffer the relationship between emotional abuse and suicidal ideation, indicating a mediating effect.

PMID:40090698 | DOI:10.1111/psyg.70024

BMJ Glob Health. 2025 Mar 15;10(3):e018333. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018333.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study estimated the proportion of children aged 12-23 months who were fully vaccinated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), explored geographical disparities across subregions and countries, and identified country-level factors associated with full vaccination (FV).

DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.

SETTING: SSA.

PARTICIPANTS: Children aged 12-23 months.

PRIMARY OUTCOME: FV.

METHODS: Data for this study were extracted from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 34 SSA countries between 2012 and 2023. The study included a total weighted sample of 69 218 children. Univariate analyses were performed to describe the socio-demographic profile of the participants and estimate the proportion of FV and the proportion for each of the eight vaccines (BCG, DTP1, DTP2, DPT3, Polio1, Polio2, Polio3, Measles1) at regional level. Bivariate and spatial analyses were produced to examine existing disparities at regional, subregional and countries’ income levels. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was fitted for identifying country-level factors associated with FV.

RESULTS: 54.1% (95% CI 53.7% to 54.5%) children aged 12-23 months in SSA were fully vaccinated. In addition, substantial inequalities emerged in FV coverage across countries ranging from 23.9% in Guinea to a high of 95.5% in Rwanda. The same pattern was observed for the eight vaccines. Findings also showed that children of birth order 3 and above, who were delivered at home, had received less than four antenatal visits, from poor households and households with more than 5 members, whose mothers were under 25, had primary education level and below, and had no income-generating activities were less likely to be fully vaccinated.

CONCLUSION: To achieve WHO’s global vaccination coverage target of 90% by 2030 in SSA, vaccination programmes must take account of regional, subregional and national inequities. Our findings also underline the need for interventions tailored to each SSA country’s socio-cultural context.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION: Ethical approval was not required as this is a secondary analysis of publicly available data.

PMID:40090697 | DOI:10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018333

BMJ Glob Health. 2025 Mar 15;10(3):e017206. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2024-017206.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study longitudinally assessed the quality of life (QoL) in patients who completed chemoradiation (CRT) for cervical cancer in Botswana and compared the QoL for those living with and without HIV infection.

METHODS: Patients with cervical cancer recommended for curative CRT were enrolled from August 2016 to February 2020. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality-of-Life (QLQ-C30) and cervical cancer-specific (QLQ-Cx24) questionnaires, translated into Setswana, were used to assess the QoL of patients prior to treatment (baseline), at the end of treatment (EOT) and in 3 month intervals post-treatment for 2 years, and statistical analyses were performed.

RESULTS: A total of 294 women (median age: 46 years) were enrolled and followed up for an average of 16.4 months. Of women with recorded staging, most had FIGO stage III/IV disease (64.4%). Women living with HIV (WLWH; 74.1%) presented at earlier ages than those without HIV (44.8 years vs 54.7 years, p<0.001). The QoL for all domains did not differ by HIV status at baseline, EOT or 24 month follow-up. Per QLQ-C30, the mean global health status score (72.21 vs 78.37; p<0.01) and the symptom (12.70 vs 7.63; p=0.04) and functional scales (88.34 vs 91.85; p<0.01) improved significantly from the EOT to the 24 month follow-up for all patients; however, using the QLQ-Cx24 survey, no significant differences in the symptom burden (12.53 vs 13.67; p=0.6) or functional status (91.23 vs 89.90; p=0.53) were found between these two time points.

CONCLUSION: The QoL increased significantly for all patients undergoing CRT, underscoring the value of pursuing curative CRT, regardless of the HIV status.

PMID:40090695 | DOI:10.1136/bmjgh-2024-017206