Tag: statistics

Behav Genet. 2026 Feb 18. doi: 10.1007/s10519-026-10256-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Socioeconomic status (SES) predicts age-related changes in health status; however, the source of SES-health associations is heavily debated. Twin studies allow tests of causal hypotheses by modeling within and between twin pair differences in longitudinal latent growth curve models (LGCM) of physical aging, examining level of functioning and rate of change with age. Three longitudinal twin studies of aging (mean age at baseline = 71.36, SD = 10.7) from the Swedish Twin Registry (N = 1369) included up to 27 years of follow-up on a Functional Aging Index (FAI) consisting of lung function, grip strength, walking speed, and self-report sensory functioning. SES indicators included education, financial strain, and occupation-based socioeconomic position. Pair means (between family effect) and within pair differences (within family effect) for SES were included as covariates of both intercept and slopes in a two-slope LGCM (intercept at age 75); models were corrected for sex and parental SES. LGCM results were compared across the full sample, then separately for both monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. Results indicated genetic confounding in the associations between multiple SES indicators and the FAI intercept. Additionally, the relationship between education longitudinal change in physical aging up to age 75 was subject to genetic confounding. These patterns were replicated among men. In contrast, findings for women pointed to shared environmental influences rather than genetic confounding, although statistical power was reduced in sex-stratified analyses. Results highlight the importance of considering the timing of socioeconomic exposures and gendered life-course trajectories when examining health inequalities in aging.

PMID:41706277 | DOI:10.1007/s10519-026-10256-2

Ecotoxicology. 2026 Feb 18;35(3):44. doi: 10.1007/s10646-025-03022-3.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41706230 | DOI:10.1007/s10646-025-03022-3

Pediatr Surg Int. 2026 Feb 18;42(1):99. doi: 10.1007/s00383-026-06342-5.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41706211 | DOI:10.1007/s00383-026-06342-5

Emerg Med Australas. 2026 Feb;38(1):e70237. doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.70237.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Overuse of CT Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) remains a challenge in emergency medicine. Some institutions resort to radiologist vetting to reduce unnecessary imaging. This is a pilot study that aims to investigate the effect of radiology vetting on the CTPA yield.

METHODS AND RESULTS: This is a retrospective study comparing CTPA yields with and without radiology vetting. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in CTPA diagnostic yield, 11.4% (CI 9.2-14.0) versus 10.2% (CI 6.8-14.6), p = 0.60.

CONCLUSION: This study showed that removing radiologist approval for CTPA did not appear to reduce diagnostic yield.

PMID:41705429 | DOI:10.1111/1742-6723.70237

Pol Przegl Chir. 2025 Dec 3;98(1):1-8. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0055.4693.

ABSTRACT

<b>Introduction:</b> This study characterizes patients with abdominal and/or pelvic trauma admitted to Emergency Departments (EDs) in Poland, focusing on differentiating stable from unstable cases. The objective is to inform of evidence-based guidelines for managing these injuries in both critical and non-critical trauma patients. <br><br><b>Aim:</b> The study aims to characterize patients admitted to randomly selected Hospital Emergency Departments in Poland after abdominal and/or pelvic injury. It aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for managing abdominal and pelvic trauma. <br><br><b>Materials and methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was conducted using anonymized medical records from three randomly selected EDs in Poland, representing Levels I, II, and III of the Polish Trauma Care System. Patients with abdominal and/ or pelvic trauma were identified and categorised by trauma type, injury mechanism, severity, and stability. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics, and relationships between variables were analyzed using the Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, with α = 0.05 for significance. <br><br><b>Results:</b> Of 93,714 ED patients, 708 met the study criteria, with 215 confirmed cases of abdominal and/or pelvic trauma. Closed (blunt) injuries were predominant (96.3%), especially low-energy injuries among older adults. Mild trauma was most common (64.65%) according to the CRAMS scale, while severe injuries accounted for only 8.84%. A substantial proportion of patients were stable upon ED admission, with 69.3% of abdominal trauma and 100% of pelvic trauma patients exhibiting no signs of organ failure or peritoneal symptoms. The findings indicate a higher-than-expected prevalence of stable trauma cases, underscoring the need for guidelines to manage stable but potentially vulnerable patients. <br><br><b>Discussion:</b> This study offers insights into the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with abdominal and/or pelvic trauma in EDs, with a particular focus on differentiating stable from unstable trauma patients and addressing distinct clinical needs. By testing key hypotheses on trauma type, severity, and patient stability, the study brings attention to areas in trauma management that may benefit from revised protocols and resource allocation. Our findings underscore the importance of recognizing stable trauma patients as a significant but underrepresented group in trauma literature. Existing studies are often conducted in EDs located within trauma centres, which influences the patient populations represented in the literature. Additionally, a common inclusion criterion in such studies is trauma team activation or the explicit identification of unstable patients with systolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg. Research focusing on stable patients with abdominal and/ or pelvic trauma is rare and typically addresses aspects other than the specific characteristics of this group. However, in our study, a substantial proportion of patients with abdominal and/or pelvic trauma were clinically stable upon ED arrival. This has implications for ED triage, where prioritization often leans towards critically unstable cases, potentially overlooking the nuanced needs of stable patients who may still benefit from close monitoring to prevent deterioration. <br><br><b>Conclusions:</b> This study reveals a significant proportion of stable, low-severity abdominal and pelvic trauma cases in Polish EDs, challenging the traditional focus on high-risk, unstable trauma. Recognizing stable patients’ specific needs could optimize triage and resource allocation, reducing unnecessary admissions while maintaining quality care. Future guidelines should integrate protocols for stable trauma cases to improve ED efficiency and patient outcomes. <br><br><b>Significance:</b> The findings of this study underscore the need for optimized resource allocation within EDs. Given the high proportion of clinically stable, low-severity trauma cases, current triage protocols may require adaptation to ensure efficient patient management. The current study provides evidence supporting the refinement of trauma protocols, particularly for geriatric trauma patients, whose stable presentations can be misleading. Additionally, research suggests that dedicated monitoring processes for stable trauma patients could reduce preventable complications, particularly in cases involving lowenergy blunt trauma. Expanding on existing assessment tools, including modified early warning scores (MEWS) and geriatric trauma triage criteria, could help differentiate stable but at-risk patients from those who can be safely discharged.

PMID:41705379 | DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0055.4693

Pol Przegl Chir. 2025 Oct 16;98(1):1-5. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0055.3182.

ABSTRACT

<b>Introduction:</b> Ingestion of magnetic foreign bodies (MFBs), especially high-powered neodymium magnets, is an increasing cause of paediatric emergency visits. These magnets can lead to severe gastrointestinal injuries requiring surgical intervention.<b>Aim:</b> This study presents own experience of children admitted with multiple MFB ingestions and evaluates their long-term outcomes, including quality of life (QoL).<b>Material and methods:</b> We retrospectively analysed cases of children admitted for multiple MFB ingestion to the University Children’s Hospital in Cracow from 2020 to 2024. Patients with single MFBs were excluded. QoL was assessed using a modified version of the RAND SF-36 questionnaire. Results were compared between patients treated endoscopically and surgically. Additionally, the impact of a media awareness campaign initiated in 2021 was evaluated.<b>Results:</b> Fifteen children met the inclusion criteria; ten required surgical intervention, while five were treated successfully via endoscopy. Following the 2021 media campaign, the number of admissions decreased. QoL analysis showed better outcomes in the endoscopy group, particularly in physical and social functioning and pain. Statistically significant differences were found in emotional well-being between groups. One patient died due to unrelated causes and was excluded from the QoL survey.<b>Conclusions:</b> Prompt removal of multiple MFBs seems essential to prevent serious complications. Public education is key to early recognition and safer outcomes. Minimally invasive methods improve QoL and should be used when possible.<b>Significance for the field:</b> Rising admissions of patients with MFB ingestions need direct prevention actions and more awareness from the carekeepers.

PMID:41705375 | DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0055.3182

Birth Defects Res. 2026 Feb;118(2):e70035. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.70035.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Few published studies are reported for reproductive and neurobehavioral toxicity of combined exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides and synergists in mammals. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of combined dinotefuran (DIN) and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) in an F₁-generation toxicity study in mice.

METHODS: DIN and PBO were given in the diet to provide levels of 0% (control), PBO 0.03%, DIN 0.012% + PBO 0.03%, and DIN 0.024% + PBO 0.03% from 5 weeks of age of the F₀ generation to 11 weeks of age of the F₁ generation in mice. Selected reproductive and neurobehavioral parameters were measured in the F₁ generation.

RESULTS: For exploratory behavior in the F₀ generation, the number of horizontal activities increased with a statistically significant dose-related response in adult males. For exploratory behavior in the F₁ generation, the total distance, movement time, average speed, and average time of movement increased with statistically significant dose-related responses in adult males. In the spontaneous behavior of males in the F₁ generation, the parallel lines during the control and treatment groups indicated significant distances in the total distance, average speed, and average time of movement.

CONCLUSIONS: The dose levels of DIN with PBO in the present study affected exploratory and spontaneous behavior at lower dose levels than those observed in previous studies with the single administration of DIN and PBO. Therefore, the dose level of PBO (0.03%, approximately 44-116 mg/kg body weight/day) is estimated to have a synergistic effect on DIN exposure.

PMID:41705366 | DOI:10.1002/bdr2.70035

J Biopharm Stat. 2026 Feb 18:1-17. doi: 10.1080/10543406.2026.2626058. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The win ratio, along with its stratified variant known as the stratified win ratio, has been widely utilized in many disease areas for both design and analysis of clinical trials. It is applied most prominently in cardiovascular diseases, followed by respiratory disease, diabetes, oncology, neurology, and other areas. Additionally, the win odds, which incorporates ties in its calculation, has also garnered attention in both prospective and retrospective analyses, alongside their utilization in study design. Researchers have invested considerable effort in the statistical inference of the win statistics (win ratio, win odds, and net benefit). However, despite their significance, the issue of noncollapsibility, highlighted as critical in the FDA’s covariate adjustment guidance in 2023, has not been thoroughly investigated for these win statistics. In this article, we investigate the noncollapsibility of win statistics in three typical types of clinical trial data: binary, continuous, and time-to-event data. We demonstrate that (1) the win ratio is noncollapsible for all of these three types of data; (2) both win odds and net benefit exhibit collapsibility for binary data but are noncollapsible for continuous and time-to-event data. Therefore, win statistics are generally noncollapsible. In light of these findings, we propose the use of stratified win statistics as a standardization approach for analyzing prioritized multiple outcomes, particularly in scenarios where noncollapsibility is a concern.

PMID:41705365 | DOI:10.1080/10543406.2026.2626058

J Biopharm Stat. 2026 Feb 18:1-21. doi: 10.1080/10543406.2026.2627389. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Regulatory decision-making on the marketing authorisation of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMP) is challenging, in particular since the evidence that is provided in the marketing authorization application is frequently not from randomized controlled clinical trials, but based on single-arm trials (SAT). Additionally, if a conditional marketing authorisation is applied, cross-trial comparisons are often necessary against other authorised treatments in the same indication. While various biostatistical solutions to these problems have been proposed recently, a comprehensive overview of the available methods is missing. Therefore, our aim is to provide a general overview of statistical methods that have been proposed to support efficacy claims in marketing authorization applications mainly based on non-randomised evidence. We carefully developed a systematic search strategy, which initially yielded 63,671 results. Finally, following predefined in- and exclusion criteria, the methodologies from 120 papers were summarized in this review, followed by a discussion of their potential relevance for regulatory decision making, as well as promising future directions of biostatistical research. There is indeed a broad range of different methodological approaches available, but hardly any systematic empirical comparisons of these methods exist. Therefore, biostatisticians should be encouraged to systematically generate such comparative evidence, in order to allow for subsequently formulating recommendations regarding which methods are appropriate for supporting efficacy claims in the approval of medicines for ATMPs.

PMID:41705354 | DOI:10.1080/10543406.2026.2627389

Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2026 Feb 18;27:e22. doi: 10.1017/S146342362610098X.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the psychological factors influencing vaccination attitudes and behaviors among individuals visiting family health centers. Using the 5C model, the study identifies key determinants affecting vaccination intention and hesitancy, providing insights into strategies to enhance vaccine acceptance.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1712 adults aged 18 and over in Ankara, Turkey. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, covering socio-demographic characteristics, vaccination attitudes, and internet usage. The Turkish version of the ‘Psychological Antecedents of Vaccination (5C) Scale’ was used to assess participants’ responses. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors influencing vaccination intention.

RESULTS: Individuals whose income exceeds their expenses (OR: 1.532, 95% CI: 1.107-2.119), those who received the COVID-19 vaccine (OR: 2.362, 95% CI: 1.429-3.906), and those who are not active social media users (OR: 1.417, 95% CI: 1.096-1.833) were more likely to get vaccinated without hesitation. Higher confidence (OR: 1.268, 95% CI: 1.231-1.306) and collective responsibility (OR: 1.083, 95% CI: 1.046-1.122) scores were associated with increased willingness to vaccinate, while higher calculation scores (OR: 0.932, 95% CI: 0.899-0.965) were linked to hesitancy.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that fostering confidence and collective responsibility is crucial for improving vaccine acceptance. Communication strategies should be tailored to reduce hesitancy among active social media users. Future research should explore the underlying risk factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy in different populations.

PMID:41705346 | DOI:10.1017/S146342362610098X