Tag: statistics

Nurs Health Sci. 2025 Dec;27(4):e70240. doi: 10.1111/nhs.70240.

ABSTRACT

To develop guidelines for the care of long-term cancer survivors and their families for primary care nurses. A modified Delphi study was conducted. A questionnaire was developed and administered to a panel of 16 expert nurses to obtain consensus. For each identified guideline, consensus needed to exceed 70%, as measured using a Likert-type scale. A two-round Delphi study was conducted to achieve agreement among the expert panel. Round 1 data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis for open-ended responses, while quantitative analysis, including descriptive statistics, was performed in Round 2. After two rounds of evaluation, a final document comprising 58 guidelines across six main themes was established. Of these, 29 guidelines achieved 100% consensus among the experts. The guidelines developed in this study provide a foundation for designing care strategies for long-term cancer survivors and their families, serving as a valuable resource for primary care nurses. By offering a distinct nursing perspective, these guidelines complement existing multidisciplinary frameworks and contribute original, discipline-specific insights to the broader field of survivorship care.

PMID:41077426 | DOI:10.1111/nhs.70240

J ISAKOS. 2025 Oct 10:101012. doi: 10.1016/j.jisako.2025.101012. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Large posterolateral CAM deformities represent a technically challenging entity due to the posterior location of the asphericity of the head-neck junction. The aim of this study was to determine whether access to the posterior CAM is improved in patients with concomitant hip dysplasia via a Hueter approach. It was hypothesized that an arthrotomy prior to periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) via the Hueter approach allows for elimination of the pistol grip deformity in dysplastic hips.

METHODS: A single-surgeon series of 342 PAOs performed between June 2023 and May 2025 was retrospectively assessed. Seventeen hips with dysplasia and a concomitant pistol-grip deformity were identified. Pre- and postoperative measures of global femoral-head coverage (lateral center-edge angle, acetabular index, extrusion index, anterior and posterior wall indices) and femoral offset (anteroposterior and axial α-angles) were collected. The elimination of the pistol-grip deformity was confirmed independently by two observers. A matched cohort of isolated-PAO hips served to compare surgical time.

RESULTS: There were only 17 (4.97%) dysplastic hips undergoing PAO with a concomitant pistol-grip deformity, indicating that this is a rather rare combination of pathologies. Of these, 11 (64.71%) were male. The femoral offset correction performed via the Hueter approach effectively restored a physiological offset, as shown by a statistical significant reduction in the α-angle on anteroposterior (88.51 ± 13.17° to 60.86 ± 16.24°, p < 0.0001) and axial (82.49 ± 10.37° to 51.31 ± 11.21°, p < 0.0001) radiographs. The pistol-grip deformity was completely eliminated in all 17 hips. The combined procedure of PAO and femoral offset correction required statistical significantly more surgical time than isolated PAO (101.06 ± 21.34 min vs. 56.06 ± 16.75 min; p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that, in dysplastic hips, excellent access to the posterolateral CAM lesion characteristic of the pistol-grip deformity can be achieved. The posterior CAM deformity can be corrected through an arthrotomy via the Hueter approach, making use of the acetabular undercoverage to correct the posterior CAM, prior to performing the re-orientation to correct dysplasia.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

PMID:41077351 | DOI:10.1016/j.jisako.2025.101012

Contraception. 2025 Oct 10:111254. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2025.111254. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The Nepal government allows medication abortion pills to be dispensed from pharmacies if the patient has a prescription. We aimed to assess the availability of medication abortion pills, with and without a prescription, from pharmacies and the provision practices of pharmacy workers in Eastern Nepal.

STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 489 pharmacy workers to document knowledge, availability, and provision practices related to medication abortion pills. After a month, we revisited 180 pharmacies using a mystery client approach to understand actual provision practices. We analyzed these data with descriptive statistics.

RESULTS: Pharmacy workers in about 16% (n=28/180) of surveyed pharmacies reported selling medication abortion pills. In contrast, mystery clients obtained these pills without a prescription in more than one-third (n=69/180, 38%) of their visits. All mystery clients obtained mifepristone and misoprostol either through combination packages (n=59/69, 86%) or in separate packages (n=10/69, 14%). Mystery clients paid an average of 1062 Nepali Rupees (NRS) (approximately USD8), about 1.6 times more than the NRS654 (approximately USD5) price reported during the survey. Pharmacy workers asked mystery clients questions about gestational age to confirm pregnancy status and provided information on the timing of use and possible side effects.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite the current regulatory status, our findings suggest mifepristone and misoprostol are available without a prescription in about two out of five community pharmacies in Eastern Nepal. Supporting efforts to ensure women seeking medication abortion pills from pharmacies have up-to-date and medically accurate information appears warranted.

IMPLICATIONS: Despite the regulatory status of medication abortion pills, pharmacies are increasingly becoming key players in the community-based distribution of mifepristone/misoprostol in Nepal. Task-sharing through pharmacy workers in providing medication abortion pills without a prescription at scale could advance equitable access to abortion care. Ensuring appropriate training and support for pharmacy workers is essential to safeguard service quality and safety.

PMID:41077341 | DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2025.111254

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Sep 26;135(13):130402. doi: 10.1103/vn83-mt2v.

ABSTRACT

When an external parameter drives a system across a quantum phase transition at a finite rate, work is performed on the system and entropy is dissipated, due to creation of excitations via the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. Although both the adiabatic and sudden-quench limits have been studied in detail, the quantum work statistics along the crossover connecting these limits has largely been an open question. Here, we obtain exact scaling functions for the work statistics along the full crossover from adiabatic to sudden-quench limits for critical quantum impurity problems, by combining linear response theory, conformal field theory, and the numerical renormalization group. These predictions can be tested in charge-multichannel Kondo quantum dot devices, where the dissipated work corresponds to the creation of nontrivial excitations such as Majorana fermions or Fibonacci anyons.

PMID:41076717 | DOI:10.1103/vn83-mt2v

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Sep 26;135(13):137101. doi: 10.1103/y5pn-5ynd.

ABSTRACT

The molecular motion in heterogeneous media displays anomalous diffusion by the mean-squared displacement ⟨X^{2}(t)⟩=2Dt^{α}. Motivated by experiments reporting populations of the anomalous diffusion parameters α and D, we aim to disentangle their respective contributions to the observed variability when this last is due to a true population of these parameters and when it arises due to finite-duration recordings. We introduce estimators of the anomalous diffusion parameters on the basis of the time-averaged mean-squared displacement and study their statistical properties. By using a copula approach, we derive a formula for the joint density function of their estimations conditioned on their actual values. The methodology introduced is indeed universal, it is valid for any Gaussian process and can be applied to any quadratic time-averaged statistics. We also explain the experimentally reported relation D∝exp(αc_{1}+c_{2}) for which we provide the exact expression. We compare our findings to numerical simulations of the fractional Brownian motion and quantify their accuracy by using the Hellinger distance. Finally, we provide guidelines and routines for fitting experimental data.

PMID:41076704 | DOI:10.1103/y5pn-5ynd

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Sep 26;135(13):131901. doi: 10.1103/gf42-qzd9.

ABSTRACT

We present a novel technique to incorporate precision calculations from quantum chromodynamics into fully differential particle-level Monte Carlo simulations. By minimizing an information-theoretic quantity subject to constraints, our reweighted Monte Carlo incorporates systematic uncertainties absent in individual Monte Carlo predictions, achieving consistency with the theory input in precision and its estimated systematic uncertainties. Our method can be applied to arbitrary observables known from precision calculations, including multiple observables simultaneously. It generates strictly positive weights, thus offering a clear path to statistically powerful and theoretically precise computations for current and future collider experiments. As a proof of concept, we apply our technique to event-shape observables at electron-positron colliders, leveraging existing precision calculations of thrust. Our analysis highlights the importance of logarithmic moments of event shapes, which have not been previously studied in the collider physics literature.

PMID:41076691 | DOI:10.1103/gf42-qzd9

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Sep 26;135(13):134001. doi: 10.1103/xpwj-txlp.

ABSTRACT

Experimental and numerical studies of incompressible turbulence suggest that the mean dissipation rate of kinetic energy remains constant as the Reynolds number tends to infinity (or the nondimensional viscosity tends to zero). This anomalous behavior is central to many theories of high-Reynolds-number turbulence and has been termed the “zeroth law” for this reason. Here, we report a sequence of direct numerical simulations of incompressible Navier-Stokes in a box with periodic boundary conditions, which indicate the likelihood that the anomaly vanishes at a rate that agrees with the scaling of third moment of absolute velocity increments. Our results suggest that turbulence without solid boundaries or walls may not develop strong enough singularities to sustain the strict version of the zeroth law.

PMID:41076680 | DOI:10.1103/xpwj-txlp

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Sep 26;135(13):133602. doi: 10.1103/xcxr-sm9c.

ABSTRACT

We show that idealized Dicke superradiant decay from a fully inverted state can at all times be described by a positive statistical mixture of coherent spin states (CSS). Since CSS are separable, this implies that no entanglement is involved in Dicke decay. Based on this result, we introduce a new numerical quantum trajectory approach leading to low-entanglement unravelings. This opens up new possibilities for employing matrix product state (MPS) techniques for large-scale numerical simulations with collective decay processes.

PMID:41076678 | DOI:10.1103/xcxr-sm9c

Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Sep 26;135(13):137102. doi: 10.1103/gwdh-3vqm.

ABSTRACT

Characterizing the statistical properties of classical interacting particle systems is a long-standing question. For Brownian particles, the microscopic density obeys a stochastic evolution equation, known as the Dean-Kawasaki equation. This equation remains mostly formal and linearization (or higher-order expansions) is required to obtain explicit expressions for physical observables, with a range of validity not easily defined. Here, by combining macroscopic fluctuation theory with equilibrium statistical mechanics, we provide a systematic alternative to the Dean-Kawasaki framework to characterize large-scale correlations. This approach enables us to obtain explicit and exact results for the large-scale behavior of dynamical observables such as tracer cumulants and bath-tracer correlations in one dimension, both in and out of equilibrium. In particular, we reveal a generic nonmonotonic spatial structure in the response of the bath following a temperature quench. Our approach applies to a broad class of interaction potentials and extends naturally to higher dimensions.

PMID:41076676 | DOI:10.1103/gwdh-3vqm

Intern Med J. 2025 Oct;55(10):1762-1765. doi: 10.1111/imj.70151. Epub 2025 Aug 21.

ABSTRACT

The use of social media continues to introduce novel means for the communication of scientific knowledge. We assessed the change in social media use between pandemics regarding total shares, rates of dissemination and rates of global uptake of articles communicating the spread of diseases between epicentres. We found a substantial temporal increase in the use of social media for this purpose, as well as large global discrepancies in circulation, highlighting the role social media has in the communication of scientific knowledge globally and the importance of journals adopting social media policies.

PMID:41076619 | DOI:10.1111/imj.70151