Tag: statistics

Stud Health Technol Inform. 2023 Nov 23;308:359-364. doi: 10.3233/SHTI230860.

ABSTRACT

In this study, screening, confirmation and validation of mismatch allele-specific (AS) forward (F)-primers are executed to establish a quadruplex amplification analysis (real-time PCR) for discrimination of CYP2D6*10, ADRB1, NPPA and CYP3A5*3 genotypes associated with hypertensive pharmacogenomics. To significantly distinguish heterozygote and homozygote, ΔCq (differences in threshold cycles between the wild-type F-primer amplification assay and the mutant-type F-primer amplification assay) was utilized to determine outcomes. Detection of plasmid by uniplex real-time PCR was used to screen the mismatch AS F-primers. Robustness assessment and agreement analysis were employed to confirm and validate initially selected F-primers, respectively. Robustness assessment confirmed that except of ADRB1 (0.7-0.9), amplification efficiency ranged from 0.9 to 1.1. No statistically significant difference was found between the analysis and NGS. Therefore, the optimized F-primer as polymorphism recognition molecules can benefit the genotyping guiding drug delivery in anti-hypertension treatment.

PMID:38007760 | DOI:10.3233/SHTI230860

Stud Health Technol Inform. 2023 Nov 23;308:253-260. doi: 10.3233/SHTI230847.

ABSTRACT

Gram-negative bacteria had been regarded as several important sources of lethal infection. Rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria is extremely important for the diagnosis and clinical treatment of diseases. In current study, three gram-negative bacteria, including Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli, were used to access the feasibility of characterizing Gram-negative bacteria by surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). Bacterial samples were from Escherichia coli isolates (n=1000), Klebsiella aerogenes isolates (n=1000) and Enterobacter cloacaeand isolates (n=1000). The differences of three Gram-negative bacteria were characterized by SERS spectra. Furthermore, four multivariate statistical algorithms based on the combination of principal component analysis (or partial least squares) and linear discriminant analysis (or support vector machine) were used to discriminate the spectra of three gram-negative bacteria.

PMID:38007748 | DOI:10.3233/SHTI230847

Stud Health Technol Inform. 2023 Nov 23;308:245-252. doi: 10.3233/SHTI230846.

ABSTRACT

Polysiloxane is widely used in biomedical applications because of its good biocompatibility and excellent micro and nano-scale processability. Using PubMed and Citex’s data analysis platform, this paper examines polysiloxane research and compares its development history from 2002-01 to 2021-12. Research hotspots, keyword analysis, and the number of papers published on polysiloxane in biomedicine are used in this study to analyze and discuss the current status of polysiloxane research in biomedicine. Over the last twenty years, there has been a significant surge in the number of publications related to the use of polysiloxane in biomedicine. This trend highlights the growing intersection and collaboration between the fields of polymeric material science and biomedical disciplines. Therefore, statistics about the number of papers on polysiloxane and the frequency of hot words are valuable resources for biomedical research and development.

PMID:38007747 | DOI:10.3233/SHTI230846

HERD. 2023 Nov 26:19375867231207651. doi: 10.1177/19375867231207651. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The absence of a cure for dementia, combined with the increased longevity of the baby boom generation, is resulting in a dramatic increase in the number of people living with dementia. Aging-related changes coupled with dementia-related behavioral symptoms pose unique challenges for those living with dementia as well as those who provide care. There is evidence that improved sleep can improve health and well-being. Research also supports using auditory interventions as a form of nonpharmacological therapy.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effects of a customized auditory (sonic) treatment during sleep on the mood, behavior, quality of life, functional ability, and health condition of individuals living with the symptoms of dementia. Workforce outcomes were evaluated as a secondary outcome.

METHODS: A controlled before-after design with a mixed-method approach was used to evaluate the impact of the sonic sleep treatment during baseline, intervention, and discontinuation time frames.

RESULTS: Statistically significant improvements were observed in participants’ cooperation with care (p = .0249) and daytime drowsiness (p = .0104). Other nonstatistically significant improvements included bed mobility, appetite, bathing self-performance, toilet use, incidence of falls, following requests and instructions, and nighttime insomnia. While workforce outcomes remained unchanged, staff were supportive of resuming the sonic sleep treatment after the discontinuation time frame.

CONCLUSIONS: The sonic sleep treatment demonstrated improved outcomes for individuals living with dementia. This supports using an appropriate auditory stimulus as a fundamental component of care for individuals living in memory care settings.

PMID:38007718 | DOI:10.1177/19375867231207651

Orv Hetil. 2023 Nov 26;164(47):1865-1870. doi: 10.1556/650.2023.32862. Print 2023 Nov 26.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction is based on ECG abnormalities besides to chest pain and dyspnea. It is caused by myocardial hypoperfusion, in most patients due to severe coronary artery narrowing or occlusion, but it can also occur without visible coronary artery changes. The non-ST-elevation form (NSTEMI) is usually associated with less complaints compared to the ST-elevation form (STEMI), the ECG changes are not so typical, so its recognition is more difficult in the early stage. Possibility of myocardial cell damage reduction is the restoration of perfusion with coronary intervention.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how much time elapses in acute NSTEMI from the onset of the complaint to the opening of the coronary vasodilator balloon.

METHOD: From 3733 acute coronary interventions performed in NSTEMI between 01. 01. 2016 and 12. 31. 2020, in 1376 patients who underwent percutaneous intervention for the first time, the onset of the complaints, the date of the first medical contact and opening of the balloon, as well as the 30-day or 1-year mortality were known. The median values of the time differences and the mortality data were compared with the similar data of 1718 STEMI patients of this period. The median times were given in hours:minutes, incidence in percent, a two-sample t-test was calculated for the comparison of mortality data.

RESULTS: In NSTEMI, the median time between the first medical contact (5:35 vs. 2:05 h:min) and PTCA balloon opening (18:12 vs. 4:05 h:min) was longer compared to the onset of the complaint as in STEMI. Within 2 hours, 21.3% of NSTEMI patients reached the first medical contact and 1.2% had the PTCA balloon opened, in STEMI this ratios were 48.7% and 11.7%. Within 4 hours, these were in NSTEMI 36.3% and 6.1%, in STEMI 64.1% and 46.8%. The 30-day mortality rate in NSTEMI was lower than in STEMI (5.9% vs. 7.9%, p = 0.03), the 1-year rate was higher (16.1% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.004). In 554 primarily admitted patients who met the study criteria, the median P-B time intervals were shorter (10:55 h:min), the mortality data showed a mild but statistically insignificant difference (5.6% at 30 days, 13.9% at 1 year).

CONCLUSION: Based on the 1-year mortality data, NSTEMI cannot be considered less harmful compared to STEMI. After the onset of hypoperfusion, myocardium necrosis proportional to the elapsed time increases the likelihood of subsequent heart failure. For this reason, it seems advisable for patients to reach the intervention center earlier than at present due to the invasive diagnostic and therapeutic options. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(47): 1865-1870.

PMID:38007711 | DOI:10.1556/650.2023.32862

J Telemed Telecare. 2023 Dec;29(10_suppl):3S-7S. doi: 10.1177/1357633X231214019.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of remote patient monitoring (RPM) with First Nations peoples living with diabetes. This study was set at the Goondir Health Service (GHS), an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community-Controlled Health in South-West Queensland. Electronic medical records and RPM data were provided by the GHS. Clinical effectiveness was determined by comparing mean HbA1c before and after enrolment in the RPM service. Our analysis found no statistically significant effect between the mean HbA1c before and after enrolment, so this analysis focused on net-benefit and return on investment for costs from the perspective of the GHS. The 6-month RPM service for 84 clients cost AUD $67,841 to cover RPM equipment, ongoing technology costs, and a dedicated Virtual Care Manager, equating to $808 per client. There were 199 additional client-clinician interactions in the period after enrolment resulting in an additional $4797 revenue for the GHS. Therefore, the program cost the GHS $63,044 to deliver, representing a return on investment of around 7 cents for every dollar they spent. Whilst the diabetes RPM service was equally effective as usual care and resulted in increased interactions with clients, the cost for the service was substantially more than the additional revenue generated from increased interactions. This evidence highlights the need for alternative funding models for RPM services and demonstrates the need to focus future research on long-term clinical effects and the extra-clinical benefits resulting from services of this type.

PMID:38007695 | DOI:10.1177/1357633X231214019

Technol Health Care. 2023 Nov 9. doi: 10.3233/THC-230380. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The success of assisted pregnancy relies heavily on the effectiveness of the embryo transfer process. Currently, embryo transfer is typically conducted with the assistance of abdominal ultrasound.

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of targeted nursing interventions on the embryo transfer procedure, its impact on pregnancy outcomes, and the level of patient comfort concerning bladder management throughout the procedure.

METHODS: A total of 247 patients who underwent embryo transfer at the Reproductive Center of Peking University People’s Hospital from December 2019 to August 2020 were included in this study. These patients were categorized into two groups: the control group (n= 124) and the experimental group (n= 123). Within the control group, patients received conventional preoperative education, whereas those within the experimental group were subjected to targeted nursing interventions. Furthermore, patients in the experimental group were furnished with explicit instructions pertaining to the volume and timing of water intake. Multiple factors were assessed in this study, encompassing bladder filling, the quality of uterine imaging, the utilization of assistive devices during the surgical procedure, and pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, a post-operative questionnaire was administered to both groups to gauge their comfort levels regarding urinary retention.

RESULTS: Following the targeted nursing intervention, ultrasound scans indicated an increase in bladder depth (5.91 ± 1.76 vs. 5.40 ± 1.61, P= 0.02), resulting in clearer endometrial imaging (96.74% vs. 88.71%, P= 0.02). Additionally, the experimental group reported significantly higher levels of comfort with urine retention (P= 0.01) compared to the control group, and these differences held statistical significance. Furthermore, the pregnancy rate in the experimental group was greater than that in the control group (52.85% vs. 50.8%, P> 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Based on the premise that pregnancy rates remain unaffected, the implementation of targeted nursing care has the potential to augment bladder filling, enhance the quality of endometrial imaging, reduce the requirement for instrument-assisted embryo transfers, and notably enhance the comfort of patients in relation to urine retention.

PMID:38007682 | DOI:10.3233/THC-230380

J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2023 Nov 18. doi: 10.3233/PRM-220082. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Over a 10-year time frame, this study aimed to evaluate diagnosis, treatment, and referral trends for adolescent runners seeking care for running-related injuries (RRIs) at a clinic that specializes in running medicine.

METHODS: This study was a retrospective chart review of 392 adolescent runners (2,326 encounters) who sought care for RRIs between the years 2011 and 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize clinical assessments, referrals, assistive devices, and medications prescribed or administered overall and by injury type. Chi-square analyses were used to compare proportions of services rendered across the 10-year time frame.

RESULTS: Patients most frequently received manual evaluations or special tests during clinic visits. Most visits resulted in at least one referral (91%), primarily for physical therapy or gait-training. Assistive devices and medications/supplements were offered at only 18% of patient visits. The majority of assessments (X2 = 69.7, p = 0.002), treatments (X2: 23.6-43.8, p: < 0.001-0.003), and referrals (X2 = 132, p < 0.001) were for shin injuries. Larger proportions of nutrition assessments (X2 = 40.7, p < 0.001), interventions (X2 = 26.8, p = 0.003), and referrals (X2 = 27.5, p = 0.002) were performed in or after the year 2015.

CONCLUSION: Clinic visits for shin injuries required the most clinical resources per episode of care. There were observed shifts in clinical assessment and treatment approaches to include more expanded nutritional and physiologic considerations.

PMID:38007679 | DOI:10.3233/PRM-220082

J Neonatal Perinatal Med. 2023 Nov 22. doi: 10.3233/NPM-230050. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Timely communication is essential in attaining maternal satisfaction, developing an excellent physician-patient rapport, and increasing trust. This study reports a significant improvement in maternal communication rates through the quality improvement method.

METHODS: An educational module was developed, and NICU staff was presented with the slides, followed by a performance questionnaire to demonstrate understanding. The first phase was completed by obtaining feedback from mothers through a questionnaire. The first plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycle, carried out for eight weeks looking at the rates of the maternal update provided within an hour of admission of their neonates to the NICU, was followed by the second PDSA cycle, carried out for ten weeks. The improvement was calculated using conventional statistics and a statistical process control chart.

RESULTS: During the first phase of the study, thirty-six percent of the mothers were updated within an hour of admission of their neonates to the NICU. During the first PDSA cycle, we did not notice a special cause variation or process change. A significant shift, eight consecutive points above the mean, was noted on the control chart during PDSA cycle 2. The mean±SD of the weekly update rate increased significantly during PDSA cycle 2 (76.8±11) compared to PDSA cycle 1 (47.5±14), p-value = 0.0002.

CONCLUSION: We improved the maternal update rates through the educational module following the QI improvement model using the PDSA cycles.

PMID:38007675 | DOI:10.3233/NPM-230050

J Alzheimers Dis. 2023;96(3):1051-1058. doi: 10.3233/JAD-230481.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a debilitating condition that is widely known to adversely affect gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) tracts within the brain. Recently, precision medicine has shown promise in alleviating the clinical and gross morphological trajectories of patients with AD. However, regional morphological changes have not yet been adequately characterized.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate regional morphological responses to a precision medicine-guided intervention with regards to white and gray matter in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

METHODS: Clinical and neuroimaging data were compiled over a 9-month period from 25 individuals who were diagnosed with AD or MCI receiving individualized treatment plans. Structural T1-weighted MRI scans underwent segmentation and volumetric quantifications via Neuroreader. Longitudinal changes were calculated via annualized percent change of WM or GM ratios.

RESULTS: Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (p < 0.001) and various domains of the Computerized Neurocognitive Screening Vital Signs significantly improved from baseline to 9-month follow-up. There was regional variability in WM and GM atrophy or hypertrophy, but none of these observed changes were statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons.

PMID:38007669 | DOI:10.3233/JAD-230481