Tag: statistics

Asian J Urol. 2025 Oct;12(4):419-421. doi: 10.1016/j.ajur.2024.04.004. Epub 2024 Jun 4.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41467205 | PMC:PMC12744695 | DOI:10.1016/j.ajur.2024.04.004

Asian J Urol. 2025 Oct;12(4):462-470. doi: 10.1016/j.ajur.2025.01.005. Epub 2025 Aug 8.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) distraction technologies in managing pain and anxiety in patients undergoing cystoscopy procedures.

METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to July 2024, for studies comparing the use of VR distraction technologies versus no VR distraction in patients undergoing cystoscopy. The primary endpoints evaluated were patient-reported anxiety and procedural pain scores, and post-procedural heart rate (HR). Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed with the use of a random-effects model. The statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4.

RESULTS: A total of 575 patients from four randomized controlled trials were included, of whom 289 (50%) underwent the cystoscopy procedure using VR distraction technologies. The mean age of all patients was 57.25 years old, and 395 (69%) of them were male. In our pooled analysis, we did not observe a statistically significant reduction in patient-reported procedural pain (SMD -0.16; 95% CI -0.32-0.00; p=0.060; I ²=0%), anxiety (SMD -0.37; 95% CI -1.65-0.90; p=0.6; I ²=93%), or post-procedural HR (SMD -0.58; 95% CI -1.62-0.45; p=0.3; I ²=97%).

CONCLUSION: In this comprehensive meta-analysis comprising 575 patients who underwent cystoscopy, the use of VR was not associated with a significant difference in pain, anxiety, or HR levels.

PMID:41467201 | PMC:PMC12744748 | DOI:10.1016/j.ajur.2025.01.005

Asian J Urol. 2025 Oct;12(4):529-533. doi: 10.1016/j.ajur.2025.04.002. Epub 2025 Jun 9.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine possible factors that may increase the complexity of reconstruction of pelvic fracture urethral injury. Prediction of complex repair helps in adequate patient counseling and preparation, and possible referral to high-volume reconstructive surgeons.

METHODS: A series of 30 adult male patients with pelvic fracture urethral injury underwent delayed posterior urethroplasty between January 2021 and December 2023 at the Assiut University Hospital and data were collected from medical records. Retrograde urethrography with voiding cystourethrogram was done 3 months after trauma. Defect length was measured and bladder neck position was verified. Urethroplasty was done using an elaborate perineal approach with inferior wedge pubectomy done in select cases.

RESULTS: Patients’ ages ranged from 19 years to 53 years (median 34 years). The overall success rate of urethroplasty was 80%. Displacement of the bladder neck from the midline was significantly associated with prolonged operative time (p=0.004) and increased blood loss (p=0.002). There were strong positive correlations between preoperative defect length and operative time (r_s =0.84) as well as blood loss (r_s =0.78), which were statistically significant (p=0.001).

CONCLUSION: Lateral bladder neck displacement and longer defect length in preoperative retrograde urethrogram were significantly associated with difficult urethroplasty for pelvic fracture urethral injury.

PMID:41467198 | PMC:PMC12744763 | DOI:10.1016/j.ajur.2025.04.002

iScience. 2025 Nov 19;28(12):114129. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114129. eCollection 2025 Dec 19.

ABSTRACT

Lung cancer (LC) frequently coexists with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), complicating clinical management, but their shared genetic architecture remains largely unknown. Here, we analyzed genome-wide association study (GWAS) statistics for LC and 36 cardiometabolic traits and diseases (CMTs) to determine genetic correlations and shared biological pathways. We further explored underlying mechanisms through the analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data and identified potential therapeutic candidates using drug-gene interaction databases. Significant genetic associations were revealed between LC and 16 CMTs, including subarachnoid hemorrhage, peripheral arterial disease, heart failure, and physiological traits (Padj <0.05). The shared genes were identified as enriched in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Notably, monocyte-derived macrophages (mo-Macs) in lung adenocarcinoma exhibited M2-like polarization under high cholesterol metabolism and rosuvastatin and lovastatin were identified as potential drugs for LC-CMD comorbidities. Our findings demonstrate a role for cholesterol metabolism in LC-CMD comorbidities, offering insights into the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.

PMID:41467185 | PMC:PMC12744264 | DOI:10.1016/j.isci.2025.114129

N Am Spine Soc J. 2025 Nov 15;25:100819. doi: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2025.100819. eCollection 2026 Mar.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The sagittal alignment of the cervical spine is pivotal for spinal biomechanics, head positioning, and overall spinal balance. This systematic review synthesizes the available evidence on sagittal cervical spine parameters, establishing normative values in asymptomatic populations, evaluating their correlation with health-related quality of life, and exploring biomechanical modeling to understand their functional implications.

METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE (January 2010-May 2025) following PRISMA guidelines. Key cervical alignment parameters were identified, including C2-C7 Cobb angle, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), T1 slope (T1S), T1 slope minus cervical lordosis (T1S-CL), C2 slope, neck tilt, cranial tilt, and spino-cranial angle (SCA). After screening 500 articles, 20 studies meeting predefined inclusion criteria were analyzed. Data on normative values, correlations with HRQoL scores and findings from biomechanical modeling were extracted. A meta-analysis was performed to establish normative values in the asymptomatic population.

RESULTS: Normative values were derived from meta-analyses, and statistical correlations were used to link the cervical spine parameters under study to HRQoL metrics such as the Neck Disability Index (NDI), EuroQol 5 Dimension (EQ-5D), and Short Form-36 (SF-36). Deviations, particularly C2-C7 SVA > 40 mm and T1S-CL > 15-20°, were significantly associated with reduced HRQoL. Biomechanical modeling techniques, including finite element (FE) and multibody dynamics approaches, provide further insights into spinal loading and stress distribution in the setting of abnormal cervical spinal alignment.

CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative evidence shows that cervical alignment is prognostically decisive rather than merely descriptive. Across several clinical cohorts, a C2-7 sagittal vertical axis > 40 mm or a T1-slope minus cervical-lordosis mismatch > 15-20° consistently predicted clinically meaningful disability as measured by NDI, EQ-5D and SRS-22. These thresholds, supported by biomechanical modelling, define actionable targets for surgical planning, rehabilitation and long-term follow-up. Standardized measurement protocols and patient-specific reference ranges are now the critical next steps to transform these radiographic markers into personalized care pathways and prospective interventional trials.

PMID:41467167 | PMC:PMC12744292 | DOI:10.1016/j.xnsj.2025.100819

Br J Occup Ther. 2025 Jul 28;89(1):54-63. doi: 10.1177/03080226251355461. eCollection 2026 Jan.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the Turkish version of the Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale for cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and four people with stroke (male 60; female 44) were included in the study. The Turkish Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale was evaluated for data quality, scaling assumptions, acceptability, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and divergent validity. The Mini-Mental State Examination, Functional Independence Measure, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Frenchay Activities Index tests were administered for divergent validity. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation coefficients, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation process followed Beaton’s guidelines.

RESULTS: The response rate was 100% for both test and retest, with no missing data. Following the cross-cultural adaptation, minor modifications were made to enhance cultural relevance. The Cronbach alpha coefficient for internal consistency of the Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale was 0.979, and the intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.990. This indicated high reliability. According to the results of various validity analyses, the Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale showed a strong correlation with the Functional Independence Measure, Mini-Mental State Examination, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Frenchay Activities Index (r = 0.424-0.617; p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION: This study provides preliminary evidence of the validity and reliability of the Turkish Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale.

PMID:41467087 | PMC:PMC12743911 | DOI:10.1177/03080226251355461

Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 29;15(1):44876. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-28914-6.

ABSTRACT

The Fat Attenuation Index (FAI) surrounding the coronary arteries, a sensitive biomarker for coronary inflammation, can be measured through standard Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA). The aim of this study is to evaluate the differences in FAI as displayed on CCTA using three different reconstruction algorithms: high-level Deep Learning Image Reconstruction (DLIR-H), adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-Veo at a level of 50% (ASiR-V50%), and Filtered Back Projection (FBP). Based on the presence or absence of plaque, the population was divided into the following groups: normal, no plaque, non-calcified plaque, mixed plaque, and calcified plaque. Each group was then further analysed according to the reconstruction algorithm, with three subgroups for each: DLIR-H, ASiR-V50%, and FBP. Attenuation values for pericardial adipose tissue, image noise, and the Fat Attenuation Index (FAI) of the three proximal coronary arteries were measured and evaluated for each of the three reconstruction algorithms. The attenuation values of pericardial adipose tissue measured by the three algorithms were not statistically different. However, the FAI measured by DLIR-H was the highest, followed by ASiR-V50%, with FBP yielding the lowest value; all differences were statistically significant. Meanwhile, DLIR-H demonstrated the strongest ability to reduce image noise, whereas FBP showed the weakest ability to do so. FAI varies significantly depending on the algorithm used. Therefore, standardised reconstruction protocols are essential in multicentre and longitudinal studies to ensure accurate, reproducible, and comparable FAI results.

PMID:41461810 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-28914-6

Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 29;15(1):44824. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-29227-4.

ABSTRACT

Background Men’s participation in long-acting reversible contraceptives during the postpartum period is a determinant of reproductive health outcomes and for achieving national and sustainable development goals. Most research findings on male participation in family planning are concerned with short-acting family planning in Africa, including Ethiopia. Despite this, little is known about male involvement in postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptive use of their wife in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. Objective To assess the magnitude of male involvement in postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptive use and association factors among married males in Shebedinno woreda, Sidama regional state, Southern Ethiopia, 2023. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 633 randomly selected married men from July 30 to August 30, 2023. Data were collected using pretested, questionnaires. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Multicollinearity and model fitness were examined. The crude and adjusted odds ratios, together with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals, were computed. A P-value < 0.05 was considered a level of statistical significance. Result A total of 623 married men responded to the questionnaires, yielding a response rate of 98.4%. Out of these, 197 (31.6%, 95% CI: 28.6, 36.0) participants were involved in postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptive use. Men with a secondary school education (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.12, 4.93) and those with a diploma or higher education (AOR = 4.42, 95% CI: 1.80, 10.83), heard information about long-acting reversible contraceptives (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.07, 7.16), having good knowledge (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.74) and a positive attitude towards the use of postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptives (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.47, 3.24) all proved to be positive significant factors. Conclusion and recommendations Overall, men’s participation in postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptive use of their spouse was relatively low. Therefore, promoting male participation in postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptives requires effective community awareness, dissemination of information, education, and communication, and fostering a positive attitude towards long-acting reversible contraceptives.

PMID:41461797 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-29227-4

Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 29;15(1):44833. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-29106-y.

ABSTRACT

This study constructed an educational intervention based on the common-sense model of self-regulation for lung cancer patients after thoracoscopic surgery and evaluated the effects of the educational intervention. From July 2023 to January 2024, ninety patients with lung cancer after initial thoracoscopic surgery were divided into an intervention group (N = 45) and a control group (N = 45). Patients in the intervention group received a nursing intervention based on the common-sense model of self-regulation. Patients in the control group received usual care. The intervention group received face-to-face and telephone counselling for 4 weeks, and they had a manual. Pulmonary exercise compliance, frailty, and illness perception were assessed before and after the intervention. After the implementation of the nursing intervention based on the common-sense model of self-regulation, there were statistically significant differences in lung function exercise compliance scores and illness perception scores between the intervention group and the control group, but there was no statistically significant difference in frailty scores between the two groups after the intervention. This educational intervention is effective for the rehabilitation behaviour of lung cancer patients following thoracoscopic surgery. Clinical trial registration: This study has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry through this website www.chictr.org.cn , and the registration number is ChiCTR2400087033. The first registration date was 17 July 2024.

PMID:41461796 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-29106-y

Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 29;15(1):44881. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-29035-w.

ABSTRACT

The study aims to evaluate the acute effects of sauna heating and cold immersion on cardiovascular dynamic response in normotensive women. Twenty-eight healthy females underwent a sauna protocol comprising three consecutive 10-min exposures, each separated by a 10-min cooling interval. Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were measured immediately after leaving the sauna room and in the last minute of the cooling period. Three acute responses after heating in the sauna and three cooling responses had a statistically significant effect on SBP (systolic blood pressure) (p < 0.001), DBP (diastolic blood pressure) (p < 0.001), and HR (p < 0.001). SBP was significantly higher in the first heating session compared to the baseline measurement, while DBP was significantly lower. HR was significantly higher in all three heating sessions compared to the baseline measurement (p < 0.001). Progression analysis revealed a decreasing trend in SBP across heating sessions, whereas no significant trend was observed during cooling sessions. DBP and HR remained stable across heating and cooling cycles. SBP shows high sensitivity to repeated sauna stress, suggesting adaptive cardiovascular effects. However, it is still a preliminary study in young, healthy women, and in the future, more longitudinal studies are needed to identify cardiovascular responses in different age and sex groups, as well as the impact of sauna cycles on individuals with coexisting cardiovascular diseases.

PMID:41461792 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-29035-w