Tag: statistics

J Nutr Educ Behav. 2022 Oct 21:S1499-4046(22)00488-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.08.012. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine websites of didactic programs in dietetics (DPD) for diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI)-related language and to assess perceived gender and ethnic/racial representation in images.

METHODS: We conducted a content analysis on the first 6 website images and 3-elements of DPD (n = 212) websites (mission statement, goals and objectives, and the immediate landing page). Descriptive statistics and a website DEI score were calculated.

RESULTS: Equity and inclusion-related terms appeared on < 5% of websites. Diversity and culture-related terms appeared on about one-third of websites. On average, researchers perceived 28.45% of people in website images as non-White, and 20.11% as non-female. Most websites received low DEI scores.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The DPD websites had a limited representation of DEI-related terms and image representation of individuals perceived to be non-female and non-White. Leaders of DPDs may consider displaying and describing the program’s commitment to DEI on the website for potential students.

PMID:36274009 | DOI:10.1016/j.jneb.2022.08.012

Med Eng Phys. 2022 Oct 7:103905. doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103905. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Esophageal and gastric varices are complications of decompensated portal hypertension due to cirrhosis, and gastrointestinal bleeding and can seriously trigger major bleeding and crisis life. Seriously endangers patients’ physical and mental health and attracts great attention in the clinic. To compare the efficacy and safety of MES (combined with lauromacrogol and tissue adhesive) and TIPS in the treatment of esophageal and gastric varices. The 62 cases of esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the MES group and TIPS group according to the treatment method. The rebleeding rate, complications, 2-year birth rate, treatment cost, and hospitalization time within 2 years after operation were compared between the two groups. Among the 62 patients, there were 32 in the MES group and 30 in the TIPS group. The rebleeding rate within 1 year after operation in the MES group was higher than that in the TIPS group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The rebleeding rate within 2 years after operation in the MES group was 40.63%, significantly higher than 13.33% in the TIPS group (P < 0. 05). In the MES group, the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy after the operation was 9.38%, significantly lower than 33.33% in TIPS group (P < 0. 05). The survival rate within 2 years after operation in MES group (81.25%) and TIPS group (83.33), the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in hospital stay between the MES group and TIPS group (P > 0.05). The treatment cost of the MES group was lower than that of the TIPS group (P < 0.05). MES is more suitable for development and promotion in grass-roots hospitals, but TIPS treatment should be carried out as soon as possible for patients with poor efficacy of endoscopic treatment.

PMID:36273997 | DOI:10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103905

Acad Radiol. 2022 Oct 20:S1076-6332(22)00509-8. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.09.018. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Combinations of multiple quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIBs) are often able to predict the likelihood of an event of interest such as death or disease recurrence more effectively than single imaging measurements can alone. The development of such multiparametric quantitative imaging and evaluation of its fitness of use differs from the analogous processes for individual QIBs in several key aspects. A computational procedure to combine the QIB values into a model output must be specified. The output must also be reproducible and be shown to have reasonably strong ability to predict the risk of an event of interest. Attention must be paid to statistical issues not often encountered in the single QIB scenario, including overfitting and bias in the estimates of model performance. This is the fourth in a five-part series on statistical methodology for assessing the technical performance of multiparametric quantitative imaging. Considerations for data acquisition are discussed and recommendations from the literature on methodology to construct and evaluate QIB-based models for risk prediction are summarized. The findings in the literature upon which these recommendations are based are demonstrated through simulation studies. The concepts in this manuscript are applied to a real-life example involving prediction of major adverse cardiac events using automated plaque analysis.

PMID:36273996 | DOI:10.1016/j.acra.2022.09.018

Rev Int Androl. 2022 Oct 20:S1698-031X(22)00076-0. doi: 10.1016/j.androl.2021.02.011. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Depression is not uncommon among infertile couples. The objective of the study is to analyze factors that predict depression in these couples, when they are in Assisted Reproduction Techniques programs.

MATERIALS AND METHOD: We analyze the level of depression in couples referred from the Human Reproduction Unit to study the male factor using the Beck Depression Inventory and the clinical information contained in the SARAplus program.

RESULTS: Depressive ranges appear in approximately half of the participants. The degree of depression correlates in a statistically significant way between both members of the couple. Among the analyzed clinical factors, we observed relational tendency between depression and obesity and depression and smoking.

CONCLUSIONS: Depression in infertile couples is a fact. ART specialists should be on the lookout for symptoms of depression in order to provide patients psychological and psychiatric care and treatments, as part of the overall therapeutic framework for infertility.

PMID:36273995 | DOI:10.1016/j.androl.2021.02.011

Rev Int Androl. 2022 Oct 20:S1698-031X(22)00083-8. doi: 10.1016/j.androl.2021.11.004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Sexual attitudes are related to the norms and customs that are considered appropriate according to the era in which one lives, usually showing themselves more restrictive for women.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze how sexual attitudes (erotophilia-erotophobia and sexual double standards) may predispose to sexual violence (attitudes in favor of rape).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 868 students from the University of Huelva (723 women and 145 men), aged between 17 and 57 years. The Double Moral Scale, the Rape Favorable Attitude Scale and the Revised Sexual Opinion Survey were used.

RESULTS: People who are more erotophilic are bisexuals (x̄=99.10) and people who consider themselves left-wing in politics (x̄=96.91). The highest double standards scores are obtained by men (x̄=18.50), master’s students (x̄=18.58), asexuals (x̄=20.50) and people who consider themselves centrist (x̄=18.24). In terms of pro-rape attitudes, men (x̄=37.72), heterosexuals (x̄=33.29) and people who consider themselves right-wing (x̄=37.35) stand out. The differences found between the groups are statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: It is confirmed that sexual attitudes can predispose to sexual violence, which shows the need to continue working in this line in order to promote pleasurable sexual experiences.

PMID:36273994 | DOI:10.1016/j.androl.2021.11.004

Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. 2022 Oct 17:S2531-1379(22)01426-2. doi: 10.1016/j.htct.2022.09.1275. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of romiplostim (thrombopoietin-receptor agonist) in the treatment of pediatric immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).

METHODS: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov (from January 2011 to August 2021). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), double-blind, comparing romiplostim with a placebo in pediatric persistent or chronic ITP were included. The primary outcome was the overall response rate (platelets ≥ 50 × 10⁹/L) in the absence of rescue therapy for at least two consecutive weeks. The secondary endpoints were the minimization of clinically significant bleeding and the necessity for rescue treatments and the maximization of safety (incidence of overall adverse events) and durable response (maintaining platelet counts for at least twelve weeks).

RESULTS: Two double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials (84 participants) were included in this systematic review. Our data showed that, compared to the placebo group, the proportion of patients achieving durable platelet response was significantly higher in the romiplostim group (p = 0.003, RR = 6.34, 95%CI = 1.89 – 21.23), as was the overall response in the romiplostim group (p = 0.002, RR = 3.62, 95%CI = 1.63 – 8.03). Significant bleeding incidents (p = 0.49), overall adverse events (p = 0.71) and the need for rescue treatment (p = 0.13) were not statistically different between the romiplostim and placebo groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Romiplostim might improve both durable and overall platelet response in children and adolescents with ITP, compared to a placebo. More clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of romiplostim and to compare it with other second-line treatments that are being used in pediatric ITP.

PMID:36273985 | DOI:10.1016/j.htct.2022.09.1275

Surgery. 2022 Oct 20:S0039-6060(22)00711-5. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.08.042. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Studies evaluating endoscopic resection for early-stage (cT1N0M0) esophageal adenocarcinoma include small numbers of patients with T1b tumors. The role of endoscopic resection in esophageal adenocarcinoma remains incompletely defined.

METHODS: We queried the National Cancer Database to identify patients presenting with esophageal adenocarcinoma between 2010 and 2017. Those treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and endoscopic ablation were excluded. Patients undergoing endoscopic resection for cT1a and cT1b tumors were separately 1:1 propensity matched for relevant demographic and tumor factors to those undergoing esophagectomy for disease of like clinical stage. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare 5-year overall survival for matched cohorts.

RESULTS: A total of 3,157 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 2,024 (64.1%) had cT1a and 1133 (35.9%) had cT1b disease. Among those with cT1a tumors, 461 (22.8%) underwent esophagectomy, 1,357 (67.0%) endoscopic resection, and 206 (10.2%) treatment with chemoradiotherapy alone. Among those with cT1b tumors, 649 (57.3%) underwent esophagectomy, 293 (25.9%) endoscopic resection, and 191 (16.8%) chemoradiotherapy. On unadjusted comparison, patients treated for esophageal adenocarcinoma with chemoradiotherapy had a lower rate of overall survival than those treated with endoscopic resection or esophagectomy (26.1% vs 73.1% vs 75.5%, P < .001). On comparison of matched cohorts, patients undergoing endoscopic resection for cT1b tumors demonstrated lower rates of overall survival than those undergoing esophagectomy (60.6% vs 74.1%, P = .0013), whereas those undergoing endoscopic resection for cT1a tumors demonstrated rates of overall survival statistically similar to those undergoing esophagectomy (77.8% vs 80.2%, P = .75).

CONCLUSION: Esophagectomy is associated with improved overall survival relative to endoscopic resection in patients presenting with cT1bN0M0 but not in those with cT1a esophageal adenocarcinoma.

PMID:36273971 | DOI:10.1016/j.surg.2022.08.042

Eur Urol. 2022 Oct 20:S0302-2838(22)02707-5. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.09.030. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer (BCa) is more common in men and presents differences in molecular subtypes based on sex. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutations are enriched in the luminal papillary muscle-invasive BCa (MIBC) and non-MIBC subtypes.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether FGFR3 mutations initiate BCa and impact BCa male sex bias.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We developed a transgenic mouse model expressing the most frequent FGFR3 mutation, FGFR3-S249C, in urothelial cells. Bladder tumorigenesis was monitored in transgenic mice, with and without carcinogen exposure. Mouse and human BCa transcriptomic data were compared.

INTERVENTION: Mutant FGFR3 overexpression in mouse urothelium and siRNA knockdown in cell lines, and N-butyl-N(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) exposure.

OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Impact of transgene dosage on tumor frequency, synergy with BBN treatment, and FGFR3 pathway activation were analyzed. The sex-specific incidence of FGFR3-mutated tumors was evaluated in mice and humans. FGFR3 expression in FGFR3-S249C mouse urothelium and in various human epithelia was measured. Mutant FGFR3 regulation of androgen (AR) and estrogen (ESR1) receptor activity was evaluated, through target gene expression (regulon) and reporter assays.

RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: FGFR3-S249C expression in mice induced low-grade papillary BCa resembling human luminal counterpart at histological, genomic, and transcriptomic levels, and promoted BBN-induced basal BCa formation. Mutant FGFR3 expression levels impacted tumor incidence in mice, and mutant FGFR3-driven human tumors were restricted to epithelia presenting high normal FGFR3 expression levels. BCa male sex bias, also found in our model, was even higher in human FGFR3-mutated tumors compared with wild-type tumors and was associated with higher AR and lower ESR1 regulon activity. Mutant FGFR3 expression inhibited both ESR1 and AR activity in mouse tumors and human cell lines, demonstrating causation only between FGFR3 activation and low ESR1 activity in tumors.

CONCLUSIONS: Mutant FGFR3 initiates luminal papillary BCa formation and favors BCa male sex bias, potentially through FGFR3-dependent ESR1 downregulation. Patients with premalignant lesions or early-stage BCa could thus potentially benefit from FGFR3 targeting. FGFR3 expression level in epithelia could account for FGFR3-driven carcinoma tissue specificity.

PATIENT SUMMARY: By developing a transgenic mouse model, we showed that gain-of-function mutations of FGFR3 receptor, among the most frequent genetic alterations in bladder cancer (BCa), initiate BCa formation. Our results could support noninvasive detection of FGFR3 mutations and FGFR3 targeting in early-stage bladder lesions.

PMID:36273937 | DOI:10.1016/j.eururo.2022.09.030

J Atheroscler Thromb. 2022 Oct 21. doi: 10.5551/jat.63798. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Whether the multi-dimensional data of serially measured blood pressure contains information for predicting the future risk of death in elderly individuals in nursing homes is unclear.

METHODS: Of the elderly individuals staying in a nursing home, 19,740 and 40,055 individuals with serially measured blood pressure from day 1 to 365 (for AI-long) and 1 to 90 (for AI-short) along with the death information at day 366 to 730 and 91-365 were included. The neural network-based artificial intelligence (AI) was applied to find the relationship between BP time-series and the future risks of death in both populations.

RESULTS: AI-long found a significant relationship between the serially measured BP from day 1 to day 365 days and the risk of death occurring 366-730 days with c-statistics of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.51-0.63). AI-short also found a significant relationship between the serially measured BP from day 1 to day 90 and the rate of death occurring 91-365 days with c-statistics of 0.58 (95%CI: 0.52-0.63).

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that neural network-based AI could find the hidden subtle relationship between multi-dimensional data of serially measured BP and the future risk of death in apparently healthy elderly Japanese individuals under nursing care.

PMID:36273901 | DOI:10.5551/jat.63798

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 Oct 23:1-7. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2139175. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence has risen in the U.S. and worldwide over the past decade. Minority groups, especially Asian and Hispanic women, are often disproportionately affected by GDM. Identifying modifiable risk factors such as sleep-disordered breathing and smoking and their interaction with race/ethnicity could play a pivotal role in preventing GDM.

METHODS: Data from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) were used to run a survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression assessing the association between sleep-disordered breathing and smoking with GDM among women aged 15-60 (n = 1326). The interaction term of the two predictors and race/ethnicity was introduced to the model to assess the interaction effect. The analyses were adjusted for age, marital status, education level, and BMI.

RESULTS: Approximately 13% of the participants reported having GDM. The lowest prevalence was observed among Non-Hispanic Blacks (7.8%) and the highest was among Other (15.5%). Sleep-disordered breathing was significantly associated with GDM (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.05, 2.73). No statistically significant association was observed between smoking and GDM (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.47, 2.27), and neither was the association between race/ethnicity and GDM. Furthermore, none of the interaction effects were statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Preventive strategies targeting GDM should focus on improving modifiable risk factors, such as sleep-disordered breathing. It is important to screen women with sleep-disordered breathing and monitor their blood sugar before becoming pregnant to prevent the development of GDM. Future studies are recommended to understand the lower prevalence of GDM among Black women and the higher prevalence among “Other” race group which mostly includes Asian women.

PMID:36273849 | DOI:10.1080/14767058.2022.2139175