Tag: statistics

OTJR (Thorofare N J). 2025 Sep 27:15394492251367249. doi: 10.1177/15394492251367249. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Engaging community collaborators in research is crucial for enhancing health care outcomes, especially for cerebral palsy (CP). However, effective multi-collaborator involvement poses challenges. This study used an occupation-based approach to engage community collaborators in developing a CP Task Force to initiate patient-centered comparative clinical effectiveness research and evaluated member perspectives on roles and experiences. A repeated cross-sectional design was employed, with 18 CP Task Force members completing 39 surveys. Engagement activities focused on social participation, leisure, play, education, and work. Surveys assessed team culture, trust, and role satisfaction. Descriptive statistics analyzed survey data, while thematic analysis summarized qualitative responses. Participants reported high satisfaction and engagement. Key themes included inclusivity, effective communication, accessibility, and expanded engagement. Occupation-based engagement can enhance collaboration, build rapport, and create a shared sense of purpose among multi-collaborators when establishing a CP Task Force to support patient-centered comparative clinical effectiveness research.

PMID:41015817 | DOI:10.1177/15394492251367249

J Tradit Chin Med. 2025 Oct;45(5):1135-1143. doi: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20241231.001.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical observation of white eye distribution characteristics of hyperlipidemic patients based on artificial intelligence digital eye diagnosis technology.

METHODS: One hundred and fifty subjects were examined in the outpatient and inpatient departments of Guang’anmen Hospital of the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 01 February 2022 to 01 February 2023, including 80 cases in the hyperlipidemic patient (HLP) group and 70 cases in the normal lipid level patient (NC) group. The two groups were collected and extracted by the artificial intelligence visual diagnostic instrument and analyzed by the MyEyeD-10 white eye shadowless imaging health intelligence analysis system. Finally, SPSS 26.0 (Version X; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical processing.

RESULTS: Significant differences were noted in the scores of “spot” and “foggy” features between the two groups. Between groups, the “spot” feature score of the white eye morphology in the HLP group (11.07 ± 3.22) was higher than that in the NC group (7.50 ± 4.11) (P <0.01). Moreover, the “foggy” feature score of the eye morphology in the HLP group (8.37 ± 2.25) was higher than that in the NC group (P <0.01), higher than that of the NC group (5.72 ± 1.21) (P <0.05). There were significant differences in the “A” (stomach), “B”, “O” (spleen), and “M” (liver) eye-contact region scores between the two groups, and the “B”, “O” (spleen) and “M” (liver) eye-contact region scores were significantly different. The scores of the white eye channel region in the HLP group were significantly higher than those in the control group, with the “A”, “B”, and “O” regions (P <0.01), “M” region (P <0.01), “A”, “B”, “O”, and “M” region (P <0.01). “M” zone (P <0.05). The scores of “dull red” and “yellow” features were significantly different, and the scores of “dull red” and “yellow” colors of the white eye choroid in the HLP group were significantly higher than those in the HLP group. The scores of “dull red” and “yellow” were significantly higher in the HLP group than in the NC group (P <0.01).

CONCLUSION: The morphological features of the white eye ocular image, the white eye chakra’s color, and the bulbar conjunctiva’s vascular zoning are closely related to hyperlipidemia. Importantly, these provide a reference for the objectivity and precision of the identification of Chinese medicine by looking at the eyes.

PMID:41015812 | DOI:10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20241231.001

J Tradit Chin Med. 2025 Oct;45(5):1127-1134. doi: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2025.05.018.

ABSTRACT

Primary liver cancer (PLC) is the third major cause of cancer related death, which seriously affects the survival period and quality of life of patients. However, there is currently no evidence to prove which treatment method is most effective. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has shown certain advantages in the treatment of PLC, especially in the side effects of Western Medicine. Therefore, we designed a clinical trial protocol for the treatment of PLC using TCM granules. Our purpose is to explore the efficacy and safety of Yangxiao Fukang granule (YXFKG, ) in the treatment of stage III hepatitis B related PLC. A total of 216 patients from three hospitals in Henan Province will be enrolled and randomly divided into a trial group and a control group in a 1∶1 ratio. The trial group will be treated with conventional western medicine plus YXFKG, while the control group will receive conventional western medicine plus a placebo for YXFKG. All patients will receive a daily dose of either YXFKG or a placebo for six months, followed by a six-month follow-up period. The main observation outcome includes 1-year survival rate, while secondary outcomes include conversion rate to remission, objective response rate, progression free survival, overall survival, quality of life score, and TCM clinical symptom score. Blood routine, urine routine, stool routine, electrocardiogram, liver and kidney function, coagulation function test, and D-dimer are safety indicators. Collect data before treatment and during the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th months of treatment, and conduct statistical analysis. This study will preliminarily verify the effectiveness and safety of YXFKG in the treatment of stage III hepatitis B related PLC, which may provide a new choice for clinical treatment of PLC.

PMID:41015811 | DOI:10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2025.05.018

J Tradit Chin Med. 2025 Oct;45(5):979-986. doi: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2025.05.005.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and mechanism of Shaoyao Gancao granule (SGG, ) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and immune imbalance status in stressed alopecia areata (AA) mice, and to provide an objective experimental basis for the clinical application of SGG.

METHODS: Seventy female C57BL/6J mice aged 5-7 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: 10 mice in the blank control group and 60 mice in the mock group. The moulding group received topical imiquimod cream in combination with chronic unpredictable mild stress. On day 10, the moulding group was further divided into six groups: Shaoyao Gancao granule low-dose (SGL), Shaoyao Gancao granule medium-dose (SGM), Shaoyao Gancao granule high-dose (SGH), Antalarmin, and compound glycyrrhizin (CG). On day 24, overall and trichoscopic photographs of mice were taken on day 24 of the experiment; behavioral tests were completed; serum corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; and T helper cell (Th)1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cell differentiation in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subpopulations was detected by flow cytometry.

RESULTS: The dorsal skin lesions of mice in all SGG groups showed faster hair growth, less dilated skin capillaries, and scaly conditions compared with those in the model group. In the open field test, compared with those of the model group, the moving distance and number of uprights and entries into the central area of the mice in the SGM and SGH groups significantly increased (P < 0.05), while in the forced swimming test, compared with the model group, the rest time of the mice in the SGL, SGM, and SGH groups significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that, compared with the model group, the mice in the SGH group had significantly reduced CRH levels (P < 0.05), and the ACTH and cortisol levels in the SGM and SGH groups were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The flow cytometry results showed that, compared with those in the model group, Th2 levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05), Th17 levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05), the Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.05), and the Th17/Treg ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the SGM and SGH groups. The Th1 and Treg cell ratios were reduced in all SGG groups, but the difference was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: SGG may exert therapeutic effects in AA by modulating the HPA axis and regulating immune imbalance.

PMID:41015796 | DOI:10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2025.05.005

Genome Biol. 2025 Sep 27;26(1):314. doi: 10.1186/s13059-025-03790-5.

ABSTRACT

We introduce hybrid BAG-seq: a high-throughput, multi-omic method that simultaneously captures DNA and RNA from single nuclei. We apply this protocol to 65,499 single nuclei from samples of five uterine cancer patients and validate the clustering using RNA-only and DNA-only protocols from the same tissues. Multiple tumor genome or expression clusters are often present within a patient, with different tumor clones projecting into distinct or shared expression states, demonstrating nearly all possible genome-transcriptome correlations. We also identify mutant stroma with significant X chromosome loss in various cell types and patient-specific stromal subtypes exhibiting aberrant expression patterns.

PMID:41015771 | DOI:10.1186/s13059-025-03790-5

Genome Biol. 2025 Sep 27;26(1):313. doi: 10.1186/s13059-025-03775-4.

ABSTRACT

The availability of large genome datasets has changed the microbiology research landscape. Analyzing such data requires computationally demanding analyses, and new approaches have come from different data analysis philosophies. Machine learning and statistical inference have overlapping knowledge discovery aims and approaches. However, machine learning focuses on optimizing prediction, whereas statistical inference focuses on understanding the processes relating variables. In this review, we outline the different aspirations, precepts, and resulting methodologies, with examples from microbial genomics. Emphasizing complementarity, we argue that the combination and synthesis of machine learning and statistics has potential for pathogen research in the big data era.

PMID:41015769 | DOI:10.1186/s13059-025-03775-4

Eur J Med Res. 2025 Sep 27;30(1):885. doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-03122-0.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Thyroid hormones significantly influence multiple physiological systems, particularly the respiratory system. Despite limited research on asthma-thyroid associations, emerging studies have begun exploring this link. This cross-sectional study investigates relationships between asthma, thyroid function, and thyroid hormone sensitivity in U.S. adults using NHANES data.

METHODS: A total of 8160 participants were included in this study. Weighted analyses of data from the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were performed to examine the associations between asthma, thyroid function, and thyroid hormone sensitivity indices. Subgroup analyses and ROC curve investigations were also conducted. Additionally, a retrospective cohort of 30 asthma patients and 30 non-asthmatic controls seen at Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University between July 2023 and July 2025 was extracted; FT3 levels were compared and asthma control was evaluated across FT3 tertiles. Thyroid function parameters assessed were as follows: free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), and thyroglobulin (Tg). Thyroid hormone sensitivity indices-namely, the FT3/FT4 ratio, thyrotroph T4 resistance index (TT4RI), thyroid-stimulating hormone index (TSHI), and thyroid feedback quantile index (TFQI)-were calculated from serum FT3, FT4, and TSH values.

RESULTS: Asthmatics exhibited higher FT3 and FT3/FT4 levels but lower TPOAb than non-asthmatics. However, adjusted models (2 and 3) revealed an inverse association between asthma risk and FT3/FT4 (β: – 0.05, 95% CI – 0.09 to – 0.01). Quartile stratification maintained this inverse trend, with significant dose-response relationships in unadjusted Model 1 (P < 0.05). Subgroup analyses showed Mexican American asthmatics had lower FT3 and FT3/FT4 levels. ROC curves indicated superior predictive accuracy for TPOAb (AUC = 0.60) compared to FT3/FT4. Our institutional validation revealed that asthma patients had significantly lower FT3 levels than controls, and higher FT3 was associated with a lower proportion of acute exacerbations; however, the trend did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSION: FT3 and FT3/FT4 levels may inversely correlate with asthma risk, though causality remains unclear due to study design limitations. Further research is warranted.

PMID:41015767 | DOI:10.1186/s40001-025-03122-0

Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2025 Sep 4:102135. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgc.2025.102135. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy has been adopted in China as an effective preventive measure against ovarian cancer, particularly for individuals with breast cancer gene (BRCA) mutations. While the procedure’s efficacy in reducing ovarian cancer risk is well established, the associated psychophysical and social impacts have received limited attention. Understanding these impacts is critical for enhancing patient care and improving quality of life.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 154 BRCA mutation carriers who underwent risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between October 2016 and March 2024. A total of 136 patients were successfully followed up for quality-of-life assessment. Data were collected using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Menopause Rating Scale, Decision Regret Scale, Decision Conflict Scale, and self-reported evaluations. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the data, and subgroup analyses were conducted to identify potential influencing factors.

RESULTS: The median age of participants was 46 years. Personal histories of breast cancer were reported in 63.97% (87/136) of the patients, and 8.82% (12/136) were diagnosed with occult ovarian cancer or precancerous lesions post-surgery. Among the cohort, 71.32% (97/136) were postmenopausal. Of the premenopausal patients, only 6 attempted hormone replacement therapy. Anxiety levels and menopausal symptoms were not significantly associated with clinical or demographic variables. Most patients reported low decision regret, with 89.71% (122/136) expressing complete satisfaction with the surgery and only 5.88% (8/136) reporting persistent stress. However, sexual dysfunction was reported by 46.32% (63/136).

CONCLUSION: Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy is associated with significant challenges, particularly concerning sexual dysfunction. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive preoperative counseling that distinctly addresses biomedical, physiological, and psychosocial considerations, alongside postoperative support to manage the quality-of-life impacts of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy.

PMID:41015764 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijgc.2025.102135

Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2025 Sep 19:S0363-0188(25)00164-1. doi: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.09.004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To correlate placental ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) values with perinatal outcomes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM).

METHODS: The study included 160 pregnant women, comprising 80 GDM and 80 healthy controls. Ultrasound SWE was performed on the placenta, and mean SWE and velocity values were derived from six measurements. Both the cases and controls were followed to record Apgar scores and NICU admission. Statistical analysis was done, and the SWE values were compared to correlate these values with perinatal outcomes.

RESULTS: A positive correlation was observed between SWE values and maternal fasting blood glucose (FBS) levels (rho = 0.32, p = 0.001), indicating that higher glucose levels are associated with increased placental stiffness. In the control group, the mean SWE was 2.48 kPa, while in the GDM group, it increased to 7.74 kPa, reflecting the impact of a diabetic environment on placental stiffness. The mean velocity was also higher in the GDM group (1.47 m/s) as compared to the control group (mean = 0.87 m/s). A moderate negative correlation between APGAR (1-min) and mean SWE was found at <32 weeks of gestation (rho = -0.48, p = 0.017). No significant correlation was found with NICU admissions.

CONCLUSION: Placental stiffness differs significantly between GDM and controls, with higher values in GDM. Ultrasound SWE can substantially contribute to the management of GDM and improve the outcomes. A negative correlation between SWE and 1-minute APGAR score at <32 weeks of gestation is associated with a lower score, indicating the effect of increased placental stiffness on perinatal outcomes.

PMID:41015728 | DOI:10.1067/j.cpradiol.2025.09.004

Acad Radiol. 2025 Sep 26:S1076-6332(25)00865-7. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2025.09.012. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: With increasing imaging demands, radiologists face growing workload pressures, often resulting in delays and reduced diagnostic efficiency. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have introduced tools for automated report generation, particularly in simpler imaging modalities, such as X-rays. However, limited research has assessed AI performance in complex studies such as MRI and CT scans, where report accuracy and clinical interpretation are critical.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of a semi-automated AI-based reporting platform in generating radiology reports for complex imaging studies, and to compare its accuracy, efficiency, and user confidence with the traditional dictation method.

METHODOLOGY: This study involved 100 imaging cases, including MRI knee (n=21), MRI lumbar spine (n=30), CT head (n=23), and CT Abdomen and Pelvis (n=26). Consultant musculoskeletal radiologists reported each case using both traditional dictation and the AI platform. The radiologist first identified and entered the key positive findings, based on which the AI system generated a full draft report. Reporting time was recorded, and both methods were evaluated on accuracy, user confidence, and overall reporting experience (rated on a scale of 1-5). Statistical analysis was conducted using two-tailed t-tests and 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS: AI-generated reports demonstrated significantly improved performance across all parameters. The mean reporting time reduced from 6.1 to 3.43 min (p<0.0001) with AI-assisted report generation. Accuracy improved from 3.81 to 4.65 (p<0.0001), confidence ratings increased from 3.91 to 4.67 (p<0.0001), and overall reporting experience favored using the AI platform for generating radiology reports (mean 4.7 vs. 3.69, p<0.0001). Minor formatting errors and occasional anatomical misinterpretations were observed in AI-generated reports, but could be easily corrected by the radiologist during review.

CONCLUSION: The AI-assisted reporting platform significantly improved efficiency and radiologist confidence without compromising accuracy. Although the tool performs well when provided with key clinical findings, it still requires expert oversight, especially in anatomically complex reporting. These findings support the use of AI as a supportive tool in radiology practice, with a focus on data integrity, consistency, and human validation.

PMID:41015710 | DOI:10.1016/j.acra.2025.09.012