Tag: statistics

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2023 Sep 1;24(9):679-687. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3565.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU) application on dental implant accelerated osseointegration in the two-stage implant protocol.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 implants were placed in 10 mature mongrel dogs, two implants for each dog replacing the lower 3rd premolars bilaterally. After 3 months of extraction, implants were placed. After 24 hours of implantation, the right sides received LIPU for 20 mins/day, continuously for 20 days. The left sides didn’t receive LIPU (control). Standardized radiographs were taken before LIPU and after 10 and 20 days for both sides. After 20 days of LIPU application, second-stage surgery was performed and provisional crowns were placed on each implant. Implants were subjected to functional occlusal loading for 4 weeks. Standardized radiographs were taken after 2 and 4 weeks of loading and analyzed to assess the peri-implant bone density changes. All data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: All tissues appeared clinically normal, with the absence of inflammation and peri-implant radiolucency. The survival rate was 100%. The LIPU group showed a statistically significantly higher percentage increase in mean bone density after 10 LIPU sessions, 20 LIPU sessions, and 2 and 4 weeks of loading, than a control group.

CONCLUSION: The LIPU stimulation radiographically increased the bone density around implant area and accelerated osseointegration in the two-stage implant protocol.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation could be beneficial in accelerating osseointegration and thus shortening the waiting period for final prosthetic delivery.

PMID:38152942 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3565

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2023 Sep 1;24(9):674-678. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3569.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: The conventional caries removal technique has been replaced with minimally invasive (MI) techniques to preserve healthy natural teeth and to provide durable dental restorations. Each of these MI caries removal protocols is reported to be favorable in dealing with different caries conditions. The current study aimed to trace the residual bacteria that may remain in a prepared cavity following a visual-tactile (VT), caries detection dye (CDD), and chemo-mechanical caries removal (CMCR) protocol.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 29 extracted human molar teeth with visible caries lesions were randomly divided into three groups. The cavity preparation and caries removal of each group was accomplished following one of the MI caries removal protocols. Swab samples (one from each specimen) were taken and inoculated onto a blood agar plate and incubated for 48 hours. The growth of the bacterial colony was observed under a microscope and the specific genome of the bacteria was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test.

RESULTS: The maximum number of traceable bacteria was observed following the chemo-mechanical caries removal group followed by the caries detection dye group and the least in the visual-tactile group. The PCR test revealed the presence of Streptococcus mutans in all the observed colonies; however, Streptococcus sobrinus was absent completely. The Chi-square test reveals a statistically insignificant (p = 0.646) difference among the tested groups.

CONCLUSION: All of the MI caries removal protocols used in this study showed a trace of microbes in certain teeth. The cavity prepared following a visual tactile protocol showed the least amount of traceable bacteria in the prepared cavity.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Cavity that is prepared following individual MI protocol has a risk of leaving microbes in it.

PMID:38152941 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3569

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2023 Sep 1;24(9):668-673. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3558.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To compare fracture resistance of multiple treatment modalities intended for mutilated teeth using polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and zirconia materials.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was divided into four groups according to treatment modality adopted (n = 14): fiber post (F), Nayyar core (N), endocrown (E), and Richmond crown (R). Each group was further subdivided into two groups (n = 7) according to the type of material used: zirconia (Z) and PEEK (P). Using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing, restorations were constructed from both materials following tested treatment options and manufacturer direction. Finished restorations were then tried, seated, and cemented to their corresponding acrylic teeth. All specimens were tested for fracture resistance in universal testing machine with cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min speed until failure, which was confirmed by a sudden drop in the measurements of the testing machine. Results were recorded, tabulated, and statistically analyzed. Shapiro-Wilk normality tests were considered to evaluate the normality of the data distributions. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc analysis was conducted to analyze the fracture resistance significant differences.

RESULTS: Descriptive statistics of the restoration material revealed statistically a higher mean value for PEEK material (3609 ± 188.1) than zirconia (2404 ± 425.6). One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences between zirconia group (p < 0.0001). Regarding zirconia group statistical significance was detected between fiber post vs endocrown (p = 0.0299), fiber post vs Richmond crown (p < 0.0001), and Nayyar core vs Richmond crown (p = 0.0004). However, there was no statistically significant difference between PEEK group (P = 0.1614).

CONCLUSION: Polyether ether ketone could present a reliable treatment option in endodontically treated teeth.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Using one-piece Richmond crowns constructed of PEEK could present a viable treatment option against conventional treatment options of root canal treatment (RCT) single-rooted teeth.

PMID:38152940 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3558

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2023 Sep 1;24(9):660-667. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3561.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The study aimed to analyze the morphological and anatomical variations of the nasopalatine canal (NPC) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and their association with age and gender among the subpopulation of the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CBCT records of 401 patients referred to the Department of Radiology between January 2020 and July 2023 were randomly selected in the retrospective cross-sectional study. The anatomical characteristics such as the length of the NPC, and the superior and inferior width of the canal, were analyzed. In the sagittal and axial planes, the morphological variants of the shape of the NPC were also investigated. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for statistical analyses at a 5% significance level.

RESULTS: The study examined the CBCT images of 219 females (54.6%) and 182 males (45.4%) with an overall mean age of 40.17 ± 2.31 years. The overall length of the NPC and superior and inferior canal width were 13.86 ± 2.68 mm, 3.4 ± 1.42 mm, and 4.07 ± 2.06 mm, respectively. Independent t-test revealed that the males had a statistically significant larger superior (3.62 ± 1.78 mm) and inferior canal width (4.33 ± 1.79 mm). In terms of gender, the Chi-square test revealed a statistically significant association (p < 0.01) between the morphological shape of the NPC in the axial and sagittal planes. The heart-shaped (51.4%) and cone-shaped canals (34.2%) were the most frequently recorded NPC in the axial and sagittal planes, respectively. Pearson’s correlation found a statistically significant positive relationship (p < 0.05) between the superior and inferior canal width and the canal length. Spearman’s correlation revealed a statistically highly significant correlation between the NPC shape in the sagittal plane and gender (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The study findings revealed a statistically significant difference in the anatomical and morphological traits of the NPC in the axial and sagittal planes based on gender. The effect of age and gender was found to exhibit significant differences with the NPC parameters. The heart-shaped canal in the axial plane and the cone-shaped canal in the sagittal plane were more prevalent in the study sample. A three-dimensional (3D) examination of the NPC will be crucial to avert challenging circumstances prior to surgical treatments in the anterior maxilla.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The NPC is a long, narrow canal that can take up to 58% of the buccal bone plate width, and an accurate 3D anatomic illustration of the NPC allows for reliable surgical planning and dental implant placement.

PMID:38152939 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3561

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2023 Sep 1;24(9):655-659. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3531.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate the effect of facial clefts on the dental health quality of life of affected individuals, and to determine whether age and gender affect the oral health quality of life differently.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cross-sectional survey included 50 participants (32 females and 18 males) from the northern region of Saudi Arabia, using a reliable and validated questionnaire, the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP), which measured self-reported oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children and adults using a five-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis was performed, and results were considered significant if the p-value was less than 0.05.

RESULTS: The highest scores in the oral health domain were related to bad breath and reluctance in speaking or reading aloud in class within the school environment domain, with mean scores of 3.44 ± 1.3 and 3.52 ± 1.2, respectively. Most patients showed apprehension regarding necessary dental treatments (mean = 1.44 ± 0.07). The study found a non-statistically significant difference in tooth discomfort between age groups (p = 0.092), with individuals aged from 20 to 29 experiencing higher levels of discomfort than other age groups surveyed.

CONCLUSION: The two topics with the highest mean scores in the oral health domain and the school environment domain were bad breath and not wanting to speak or read aloud in class. Females reported more discomfort, and there was a substantial association between gender and tooth pain/sensitivity.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding the difficulties cleft patients face is crucial, as doing so will enable dentists to encourage and handle these issues more effectively.

PMID:38152938 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3531

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2023 Sep 1;24(9):651-654. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3540.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the three various techniques for measuring the alveolar ridge’s dimensions prior to implant insertion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this study, a total of 36 participants were chosen. To prepare a surgical stent, a study model was created from an alginate impression. A first point (reference point) was marked on the crest of the ridge in relation to the adjacent teeth. Then, one point (point 1) and another point (point 2) were marked at distances of 3 and 6 mm, respectively, from the reference point. Based on the procedure for measuring the size of the alveolar ridge, the study was divided into the following groups. Group I: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) measurement method; Group II: Ridge mapping measurement method; Group III: Direct caliper measurements method. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the mean and standard deviation (SD). The Student’s unpaired t-test was utilized for the statistical analysis. The 5% level of significance was used.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference found between CBCT with ridge mapping and direct caliper measurements. However, on comparison of ridge mapping and direct caliper measurements technique, at point 1, the ridge mapping was 3.88 ± 0.12 and the direct caliper measurement was 3.62 ± 0.08. At point 2, the ridge mapping was 6.58 ± 0.06 and the direct caliper measurement was 6.32 ± 0.04. There was a statistically significant difference found between these two measurement methods.

CONCLUSION: Within the limitation, the current study came to the conclusion that when CBCT and ridge mapping measurements were individually compared with the gold standard-the surgical open method, CBCT-demonstrated to be a highly specific and sensitive method for detecting the residual alveolar ridge width in the treatment planning of dental implants.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Evaluation of alveolar bone is necessary during treatment planning for dental implant placement. Using simply panoramic and/or periapical radiographs to evaluate the bone may not be sufficient because it only provides two-dimensional information regarding the implant locations. Therefore, for better implant placement, three-dimensional information of the implant site, such as CBCT and ridge mapping technique, should be assessed.

PMID:38152937 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3540

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2023 Sep 1;24(9):623-631. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3570.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The objective of the current study was to assess and compare the impact of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) with rosmarinic acid (RA) on the viability of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dental pulp stem cells were isolated and characterized using flow cytometry. The cells were treated with (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL) concentrations for TAP and Ca(OH)₂ and (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µM) concentrations for RA. Cell viability was evaluated after 3 days, with cell proliferation further analyzed over 3, 5, and 7 days utilizing the MTT assay. The optical density (OD) was quantified at 570 nm, subsequently enabling the determination of corrected OD and cell viability. ANOVA followed by the post hoc Tuckey test evaluated the statistical significance at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Following the cell viability test, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL of TAP and Ca(OH)₂ showed no significant difference for DPSCs compared to the control group. While dosages of 1 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, and 5 mg/mL significantly reduced cell viability (p < 0.05). However, 6.25 µM and 12.5 µM concentrations of RA showed a significant increase in cell viability compared to untreated cells, 25 µM and 50 µM concentrations showed no significant difference compared to untreated cells while 100 µM concentration showed a decrease in cell viability (p < 0.05). Moreover, RA at a concentration of 12.5 µM exhibited a significant enhancement in cell proliferation rates after 5 and 7 days.

CONCLUSION: Rosmarinic acid showed a significant increase in cell viability when used at 6.25 and 12.5 µM concentrations compared to TAP and CA(OH)₂.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The assessment of cytotoxicity associated with bioactive compounds like RA, which processes antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, holds importance. This evaluation could pave the way for novel intracanal medicaments that enhance the regenerative potential of DPSCs.

PMID:38152933 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3570

Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2023 Dec 28. doi: 10.5603/fm.97820. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The primary objective of this study was to analyze middle ear structures critical for cochlear implantation using computed tomography.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent cochlear implantation at the Department of Otolaryngology in Szczecin between 2015 and 2022 were eligible for the study. We analyzed computed tomography images of 57 ears in 52 patients. The following parameters were assessed: mastoid aeration, tegmen tympani height, sigmoid sinus position, posterior tympanotomy width, the distance between the facial nerve and chorda tympani, modified facial recess distance, and the prediction line described by other authors.

RESULTS: In 69% of patients, after the removal of the round window bony overhang, the round window membrane became fully visible. There were no statistically significant correlations found for parameters describing mastoid process anatomy or those rating the width of the posterior tympanotomy concerning round window access. The prediction lines, according to Kashio and Jwair, were found to be relevant. In cases where patients’ access to the niche and membrane of the window was rated as good or very good during clinical evaluation, they were more likely to describe the window as being located posteriorly or medially in the radiological evaluation. Using a binary Jwair scale provided a better correlation with the clinical assessment. In cases where the windows were graded as posterior, the clinical assessment indicated better surgical access, especially to the RWM (Round Window Membrane).

CONCLUSIONS: Evaluating middle ear anatomy on a computed tomography scan is useful for preparing for middle ear surgery but does not significantly affect the ability to access the round window. For such access, the position of the window in relation to the facial nerve is the most relevant factor, and measurements based on this relationship hold the highest clinical value.

PMID:38152919 | DOI:10.5603/fm.97820

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2023 Oct 1;24(10):813-817. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3549.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The study aims to investigate the potential of salivary amylase as a reliable biochemical marker for assessing periodontal disease progression, establishing a potential correlation between salivary amylase levels and periodontal disease severity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 40 participants, aged 25-65, equally divided into a control and study group of 20 individuals each. Clinical parameters, such as oral hygiene index, gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed for amylase and mucin levels using a semi-auto analyzer and spectrophotometer, respectively. These clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers were evaluated before and after 45 days of phase I periodontal therapy. Statistical analysis, including independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test, and correlation analysis were performed to assess the treatment effectiveness and explore associations between clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers.

RESULTS: The study group with chronic generalized periodontitis showed significantly higher salivary amylase (27022.5 ± 8598.9) and mucin levels (3258 ± 724.2) and worse clinical parameters than the control group at baseline. However, after phase I periodontal therapy, the study group exhibited reduced salivary biomarkers amylase (17924.0 ± 4703.6) and mucin (1828.45 ± 314.07) and improved clinical parameters, indicating the effectiveness of the treatment in enhancing periodontal health compared with the control group. Positive correlations were found between clinical parameters and salivary amylase/mucin levels both before and after therapy (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Salivary amylase and mucin levels hold promise as valuable biomarkers for diagnosing active periodontal disease and evaluating treatment outcomes after phase I therapy.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Salivary biomarker comparison offers a noninvasive diagnostic tool for periodontal disease, improving early detection and personalized treatment planning. Further research is required to validate its clinical value fully.

PMID:38152916 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3549

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2023 Oct 1;24(10):809-812. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3552.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate the cystic changes in the radiographically normal dental follicle associated with impacted mandibular third molar.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 80 patients. Samples were selected using a convenient sampling technique from the patients who had impacted mandibular third molars in Pell and Gregory’s positions B and C, with follicular space less than 2.5 mm in diameter. After surgical removal of an impacted tooth, the dental follicle was sent for histopathologic evaluation.

RESULTS: Pathologic alterations were found in 19% of cases out of 80 samples. Odontogenic keratocystic and dentigerous cystic changes were found in 7% of cases. A statistically significant cystic alteration was found in female patients and distoangular impacted teeth.

CONCLUSION: This study shows a significant cystic alteration in the radiologically normal dental follicles. Clinical and radiographic features alone may not be a reliable indicator of the absence of pathology. Early intervention of impacted teeth will help to reduce morbidity due to the development of pathology.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study will help educate patients on the risks of retaining impacted teeth, based on scientific facts, in order to minimize the risks and to assess the correlation of pathologic alterations with the depth of impaction and angular position of the impacted tooth.

PMID:38152915 | DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3552