Tag: statistics

Clin Oral Investig. 2023 May 1. doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-05040-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To assess the cytocompatibility and bioactive potential of the new calcium silicate-based cement Ceraputty on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) compared to Biodentine and Endosequence BC root repair material (ERRM).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: hPDLSCs were isolated from extracted third molars from healthy donors. Standardized sample discs and 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 eluates of the tested materials were prepared. The following assays were performed: surface element distribution via SEM-EDX, cell attachment and morphology via SEM, cell viability via a MTT assay, osteo/cemento/odontogenic marker expression via RT-qPCR, and cell calcified nodule formation via Alizarin Red S staining. hPDLSCs cultured in unconditioned or osteogenic media were used as negative and positive control groups, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA or two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: The highest Ca²⁺ peak was detected from Biodentine samples, followed by ERRM and Ceraputty. hPDLSC viability was significantly reduced in Ceraputty samples (p < 0.001), while 1:2 and 1:4 Biodentine and ERRM samples similar results to that of the negative control (p > 0.05). Biodentine and ERRM exhibited an upregulation of at least one cemento/odonto/osteogenic marker compared to the negative and positive control groups. Cells cultured with Biodentine produced a significantly higher calcified nodule formation than ERRM and Ceraputty (p < 0.001), which were also higher than the control groups (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Ceraputty evidenced a reduced cytocompatibility towards hPDLSCs on its lowest dilutions compared to the other tested cements and the control group. Biodentine and ERRM promoted a significantly higher mineralization and osteo/cementogenic marker expression on hPDLSCs compared with Ceraputty. Further studies are necessary to verify the biological properties of this new material and its adequacy as a retrograde filling material.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first study to elucidate the adequate biological properties of Ceraputty for its use as a retrograde filling material.

PMID:37126146 | DOI:10.1007/s00784-023-05040-z

Cancer Causes Control. 2023 May 1. doi: 10.1007/s10552-023-01705-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study is the first to comprehensively describe incidence rates and trends of screening-amenable cancers (colorectal, lung, female breast, and cervical) among non-Hispanic AI/AN (NH-AI/AN) people.

METHODS: Using the United States Cancer Statistics AI/AN Incidence Analytic Database, we, calculated incidence rates for colorectal, lung, female breast, and cervical cancers for NH-AI/AN and non-Hispanic White (NHW) people for the years 2014-2018 combined. We calculated age-adjusted incidence rates (per 100,000), total percent change in incidence rates between 1999 and 2018, and trends over this time-period using Joinpoint analysis. Screening prevalence by region was calculated using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data.

RESULTS: Rates of screening-amenable cancers among NH-AI/AN people varied by geographic region and age at diagnosis. Over half of all lung and colorectal cancers in NH-AI/AN people were diagnosed at later stages. Rates of lung and colorectal cancers decreased significantly between 1999-2018 among NH-AI/AN men, but no significant changes were observed in rates of screening-amenable cancers among NH-AI/AN women.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights disparities in screening-amenable cancers between NH-AI/AN and NHW people. Culturally informed, community-based interventions that increase access to preventive health services could reduce cancer disparities among AI/AN people.

PMID:37126144 | DOI:10.1007/s10552-023-01705-y

Support Care Cancer. 2023 May 1;31(5):312. doi: 10.1007/s00520-023-07761-z.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Patient-reported outcomes are considered the gold standard for documenting treatment-related toxicities and cancer-related symptoms in the management of oncology patients. Poor concordance between patients and health care professionals (HCPs) on patients’ symptoms has been documented. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between social desirability, a response style, and symptom reporting in a colorectal cancer clinic.

METHODS: Patients being treated for colorectal cancer completed a social desirability measure and a symptom measure before their appointment in the oncology clinic. The HCP who saw the patient completed a symptom measure for the patient after the clinic visit.

RESULTS: One hundred sixty-nine patients consented to participate in the study. The majority of the patients had stage 4 disease. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between social desirability and overall reported symptom burden. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between social desirability and concordance between the patient and the HCP on the patient’s symptoms. Social desirability scores were stable over the course of 1 year.

CONCLUSION: Sensitivity to social desirability effects seems to play an important role in patient self-report of symptoms. As social desirability is a stable quality, patients sensitive to it may be persistently at risk for undertreatment of symptoms due to limited symptom reporting.

PMID:37126138 | DOI:10.1007/s00520-023-07761-z

J Physician Assist Educ. 2023 Apr 27. doi: 10.1097/JPA.0000000000000498. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: This research explored the relationship between job satisfaction and intent to leave among physician assistant (PA) educators during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the study aimed to identify differences in PA educators’ job satisfaction within gender and their intention to stay at their current employment.

METHODS: A nonexperimental, cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1788 PA educators at 232 accredited programs nationally. A Web-based survey was employed to measure job satisfaction and intent to leave and to collect demographic information. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study population, and logistic regression was used to analyze the independent variables predicting faculty turnover.

RESULTS: PA educators were generally satisfied with their jobs (51.2%, n = 251), with the nature of the work, quality of supervision, and collegial relationships contributing the most to job satisfaction. Males were generally more satisfied with their jobs than females. More than half of the PA educators (52.4%, n = 257) considered leaving academia in the past year. Job satisfaction (odds ratio [OR] = .945, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .936-.956) and individual facets-including the nature of the work (OR = .806, 95% CI = .731-.888); communication (OR = .926, 95% CI = .860-.997); and quality of supervision (OR = .904, 95% CI = .850-.960)-were predictive of intent to leave. Gender was not found to significantly affect the relationship between job satisfaction and intent to leave.

DISCUSSION: The findings from the study suggest the need for faculty retention to be prioritized among program and institutional leadership. PA programs need experienced leadership to develop, guide, and mentor faculty. Lastly, program and institutional leadership should create a supportive work environment that communicates clear expectations.

PMID:37126091 | DOI:10.1097/JPA.0000000000000498

J Urol. 2023 Apr 26:101097JU0000000000003493. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000003493. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: SPOTLIGHT (NCT04186845) evaluated diagnostic performance and safety of radiohybrid (rh) ¹⁸F-rhPSMA-7.3, a novel high-affinity PET radiopharmaceutical.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Men with prostate cancer recurrence underwent PET/CT 50-70 minutes after intravenous administration of 296±20% MBq ¹⁸F-rhPSMA-7.3. To assess the co-primary endpoints (verified detection rate [VDR] and combined region-level positive predictive value [crPPV]), 3 blinded, independent central readers evaluated the scans. VDR is equivalent to the overall detection rate (DR) x PPV. Standard of Truth (SoT) was established for each patient using histopathology or confirmatory imaging. Statistical thresholds (lower bounds of the confidence intervals) of 36.5% and 62.5% were prespecified for VDR and crPPV, respectively. Additional endpoints included DR, VDR and crPPV in patients with histopathology SoT, and safety.

RESULTS: The overall ¹⁸F-rhPSMA-7.3 DR among all 389 patients with an evaluable scan was 83% (majority read). Among the 366 patients (median PSA, 1.27 ng/mL) for whom a SOT (histopathology [n=69]/confirmatory imaging only [n=297]) was available, VDR ranged from 51% (95%CI, 46.1-56.6) to 54% (95%, 48.8-59.3), exceeding the prespecified statistical threshold. crPPV ranged from 46% (95%CI, 42.0-50.3%) to 60% (95%CI, 55.1-65.5%) across the readers, not meeting the threshold. In the subset of patients with histopathology SoT, the VDR and crPPV were both above the prespecified thresholds (majority read, 81% [95%CI, 69.9-89.6] and 72% [95%CI, 62.5-80.7], respectively). No significant safety concerns were identified.

CONCLUSIONS: ¹⁸F-rhPSMA-7.3 offers a clinically meaningful VDR for localization of recurrent prostate cancer. Despite missing the co-primary endpoint of crPPV, the totality of the data support the potential clinical utility of ¹⁸F-rhPSMA-7.3.

PMID:37126069 | DOI:10.1097/JU.0000000000003493

J Psychopathol Clin Sci. 2023 Apr;132(3):324-329. doi: 10.1037/abn0000796.

ABSTRACT

This article extends the ideas expressed in a special section on theories of psychopathology by expounding on heterotypic patterns in which different arrangements of symptoms appear over time. With heterotypic continuity, the different arrangements are somewhat predictable; with discontinuity, they are not. Among the reasons the articles in the special section give for heterotypic patterns are the lack of central controllers for producing symptom clusters, the importance of transdiagnostic factors, and the dynamics of gene-environment correlations. The articles also consider what more there is to psychopathology than symptoms-largely by modeling normal, adaptive psychology as flexible and maladaptive psychology too rigid or too pliable. The articles espouse a variety of views on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) legacy disorders moving forward, with some of them seeking to eliminate DSM-ICD categories from the classification of psychopathology and others seeing the DSM-ICD constructs as having continued roles to play. I use Lakatos’ notion that elimination of a theory requires that an alternative theory demonstrate competitive superiority to account for why legacy constructs have not been eliminated. I examine a debate about the existence or not of basic emotions and apply it to psychopathology to identify a common ground or potential point of agreement between those who want to eliminate DSM-ICD categories and those who believe DSM-ICD constructs can continue to be useful moving forward. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:37126063 | DOI:10.1037/abn0000796

J Psychopathol Clin Sci. 2023 Apr;132(3):228-237. doi: 10.1037/abn0000541.

ABSTRACT

Explicitly or implicitly, psychopathology is often defined in terms of statistical deviance, requiring that an affected individual be sufficiently distant from the norm in some dimension of psychological or neural function. In recent decades, the dominant paradigm in psychiatric research has focused primarily on deviance in neural function, treating psychopathology as disease of the brain. We argue that these conceptualizations are misguided. We recently proposed a novel theory of psychopathology, based in cybernetics and drawing additionally from neuroscience, psychometrics, and personality theory (DeYoung & Krueger, 2018a). In this theory, deviations from the norm in psychological and neural functioning serve as important risk factors for psychopathology but are not in themselves necessary or sufficient to identify psychopathology, which requires the presence of cybernetic dysfunction. Psychopathology is defined as persistent failure to move toward one’s goals, due to failure to generate effective new goals, interpretations, or strategies when existing ones prove unsuccessful. We argue that adopting a cybernetic theory to replace conceptualizations of psychopathology as statistical deviance or brain disease would facilitate improvements in measurement, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:37126056 | DOI:10.1037/abn0000541

Health Psychol. 2023 May 1. doi: 10.1037/hea0001288. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Although mass vaccination is critical for curbing the spread of COVID-19 and saving lives, vaccine rates remain suboptimal in most countries, calling for effective behavioral interventions to promote vaccinations. Nonfinancial behavioral interventions and monetary incentives are commonly used to promote COVID-19 vaccination but their effects are mixed.

METHOD: Articles were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases. Previous review papers, Google Scholar search, references from the included articles, and unpublished databases were also searched for any other relevant articles.

RESULTS: Drawing on 71 studies comprising 1,132,533 participants and 233 effect sizes, we found that the overall behavioral interventions (including nonfinancial interventions and monetary incentives) have a small but statistically significant effect size of Cohen’s d = 0.20, 95% confidence interval [0.08, 0.31]. Different types of single interventions and combined strategies produce similar effects. Effect sizes were not moderated by early/late implementation time points, except that collective benefit-oriented interventions showed a marginally significant downward trend as COVID-19 evolves. The effect size of nonfinancial interventions did not significantly differ from monetary incentives.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings affirm the value of nonfinancial strategies and may help forecast the effectiveness of future interventions for ever-evolving pandemics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:37126030 | DOI:10.1037/hea0001288

J Gerontol Nurs. 2023 May;49(5):11-17. doi: 10.3928/00989134-20230414-01. Epub 2023 May 1.

ABSTRACT

Nurse practitioners (NPs) provide an increasing proportion of home-based primary care, despite restrictive scope of practice laws in approximately one half of states. We examined the relationship between scope of practice laws and state volume of NP-provided home-based primary care by performing an analysis of 2018 to 2019 Medicare claims. For each state we calculated the proportion of total home-based primary care visits by NPs and the proportion of all NPs providing home-based primary care. We used the 2018 American Association of Nurse Practitioners classification of state practice environment. We performed chi-square tests to assess the significance between volume and practice environment. We found that 42% of home-based primary care is delivered by NPs nationally, but substantial variation exists across states. We did not find a discernible or statistically significant pattern of uptake of NP-provided home-based primary care across full, reduced, or restricted states. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 49(5), 11-17.].

PMID:37126015 | DOI:10.3928/00989134-20230414-01

J Adolesc Health. 2023 Apr 30:S1054-139X(23)00152-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.02.042. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the rate of mental health diagnoses and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) prescribing before and during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study at an ambulatory pediatric clinic. A prepandemic (June 2018 to June 2019) and intrapandemic (June 2020 to June 2021) cohort were reviewed. The rate of mental health visits and new SSRI prescriptions were compared. Chi-squared analyses demonstrated a variance of statistical significance.

RESULTS: From 15,414 encounters (9,791 prepandemic and 5,623 intrapandemic), 397 mental health encounters were identified. 231 (4.1%) encounters occurred during the pandemic (vs. 1.7% prepandemic) and 63 (27.3%) SSRIs were prescribed (vs. 5.4% prepandemic). Mental health encounters (prevalence ratio 2.42, 95% confidence interval, 1.99-2.95, p < .001) and SSRI prescriptions (prevalence ratio 5.03, 95% confidence interval, 2.58-9.82, p < .001) were higher during the pandemic.

DISCUSSION: Our findings demonstrate increased rates of SSRI prescribing and mental health diagnoses during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, suggesting an increased incidence of these conditions. Clinicians should be prepared to manage and screen for mental health conditions.

PMID:37125986 | DOI:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.02.042