Tag: statistics

Int J Dent Hyg. 2023 Apr 17. doi: 10.1111/idh.12681. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study was to determine the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination intention of clinical dental hygienists in South Korea and the factors that influence vaccination intention.

METHODS: COVID-19 vaccination intention of the 500 participants was confirmed through a survey including the following options: ‘I will vaccinate (VAC)’, ‘I will not vaccinate (NoVAC)’ and ‘I do not know if I should get vaccinated (UNK)’. A Chi-square test was performed to determine whether there were differences in COVID-19 vaccination intention according to the general characteristics of the participants, degree of infection control knowledge (Score-K) and practice (Score-P) in response to COVID-19, fears over COVID-19 (Fear-C) and the level of anxiety before (GAD_Before ) and after (GAD_After ) the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify factors affecting VAC and NoVAC by setting the base category as UNK. The p-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: According to the analysis, 44.8%, 18.8% and 36.4% of participants selected VAC, NoVAC and UNK respectively. There were significant differences in vaccination intention according to age, monthly income, residential area, symptoms related to COVID-19, Score-K, Fear-C and GAD_Before . Compared to UNK, < $2000 monthly income, Score-K and Fear-C variables significantly influenced the opinion of VAC. Compared to the answer UNK, monthly incomes of $2000 to $2360 and $2360 to $2730 in residential areas significantly influenced the opinion of NoVAC.

CONCLUSIONS: The variables influencing vaccination intention were monthly income, residential area, Score-K and Fear-C.

PMID:37066829 | DOI:10.1111/idh.12681

Aesthet Surg J. 2023 Apr 17:sjad100. doi: 10.1093/asj/sjad100. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Infraorbital hollowing can be addressed with hyaluronic acid soft tissue fillers. A prospective, multicenter, evaluator-blinded, randomized, controlled study (NCT03418545) demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of Juvéderm Volbella XC (VYC-15L, Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie company, Irvine, CA) in adults seeking correction for infraorbital hollows.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the current analysis was to examine patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from the clinical study.

METHODS: Participants were randomized 3:1 to the VYC-15L treatment group or the no-treatment control group. Outcome measurements included: evaluating investigator (EI)- and participant-assessed Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) scores, as well as participant responses to the FACE-Q Appraisal of Lower Eyelids, questions on treatment satisfaction, the extent to which they were bothered by dark circles under their eyes, and willingness to recommend treatment to a friend.

RESULTS: The modified intent-to-treat population included 135 participants (median age, 47 years; 91.9% female). At Month 3, the majority of VYC-15L-treated participants showed improvements in the EI- and participant-assessed GAIS. The mean change from baseline to Month 3 score (32.7% increase) showed statistically significant improvement (mean: 17.8, SD: 19.8, p < 0.0001). At Months 3 and 12 post-treatment, most VYC-15L-treated participants reported feeling satisfied with treatment and not feeling moderately or very bothered by dark circles under their eyes, and would recommend treatment to a friend.

CONCLUSIONS: The current analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of VYC-15L treatment to reduce infraorbital hollowing and to improve overall satisfaction using validated PROs. Participant-assessed improvements aligned with EI-assessed outcomes and lasted through 1 year.

PMID:37066828 | DOI:10.1093/asj/sjad100

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Apr 17:dgad212. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad212. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: The functional status of organs involved in IGF-1 signalling pathways such as the liver influence circulating levels of IGF-1 and hence its relationship with risk of chronic diseases and mortality, yet has received limited attention.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between IGF-1 and risk of morbidity and mortality from cancer, cardiovascular diseases and all-causes, accounting for liver function.

DESIGN: Case-cohort design nested within EPIC-Heidelberg. IGF-1 was measured in 7,461 stored serum samples collected from 1994 to 1998. Median follow-up for incident mortality events: 17.5 years.

SETTING: General community.

PARTICIPANTS: The case-cohort included a subcohort of 1,810 men and 1,890 women, in addition to 1668 incident cases of cancer (623 breast, 577 prostate, 202 lung and 268 colorectal cancers), and 1428 cases of CVD (707 MIs and 723 strokes) and 2441 cases of death.

RESULTS: Higher IGF-1 levels showed direct associations with risks of breast (1.25 95% CI: [1.06-1.47]) and prostate (1.31 [1.09-1.57]) cancers. Restricted cubic splines plots and models including IGF-1 as quintiles revealed a U-shaped relationship between the biomarker and mortality. Both participants with lowest and highest levels of IGF-1 experienced higher hazards of mortality from cancer, cardiovascular diseases and all-causes. The U-shaped form of the relationship persisted but was attenuated in analyses including only participants without any indications of liver dysfunction.

CONCLUSIONS: This large population-based prospective study showed that both individuals with lowest and highest levels of circulating IGF-1 were at increased risk of deaths from cancer, cardiovascular and all-causes. For individuals with low IGF-1, the excess risks of death were more pronounced among individuals with liver cancer and cirrhosis but were also present among individuals without elevated liver enzymes.

PMID:37066827 | DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgad212

Br J Radiol. 2023 Apr 17:20220889. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20220889. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI-HSG with semiquantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion, against the virtual multi slice computed tomography hysterosalpingogram (VHSG) as a reference standard.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this prospective study, 26 women (age >18 years) searching for infertility causes and with VHSG physician request. Thereafter, the assessment performance of both techniques was determined by two reader analyses. k statistics were used for the assessment of tubal patency. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare the capability for tubal patency assessment between both exams on a per-patient and per-tube basis. The McNemar test was used to compare the diagnostic accuracy measures.

RESULTS: Tubal patency, uterine morphological, ovarian, and extra uterine abnormalities were evaluated through both exams in all 26 women. There was no significant difference between diagnostic performance measurements between the methods. The ROC curve of VHSG was 0.852 for both per-patient and per-tube analyses, and one and 0.938 for MRI-HSG. Sensitivity and specificity for per-patient and per-tube for VHSG were 95.2 and 97.7, 80 and 87.5%, and for MRI-HSG 100% for both analyses and 100 and 87.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the feasibility of diagnosing tubal patency through MRI, using a semiquantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion sequence, and the satisfactory diagnosing of the uterine morphology, ovarian abnormalities, and ovarian and deep endometriosis.

ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Multiparametric MRI with a perfusion real-time sequence as a hysterosalpingography method can be used in the evaluation not only for uterine and ovarian abnormilities but also tubal patency.

PMID:37066809 | DOI:10.1259/bjr.20220889

J Am Heart Assoc. 2023 Apr 17:e028496. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.122.028496. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Background The incidences of atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are increasing, and AF is prevalent in patients with CKD. However, few studies have investigated the incidence or association of AF in a large CKD population from a longitudinal study. Methods and Results From a nationwide cohort, a total of 4 827 987 Korean individuals without prior AF, who received biennial health checkups provided by the National Health Insurance Service between 2009 and 2012 in Korea, were analyzed. Incidence of AF was ascertained through the end of 2018. During a median follow-up of 8.1 years, the annual incidence rate of AF was 1.17 per 1000 person-years among subjects without CKD, 1.55 for stage 1 CKD, 1.86 for stage 2 CKD, 2.1 for stage 3 CKD, and 4.33 for stage 4 CKD. In Fine-Gray regression models, CKD was associated with an increased risk of AF; the adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs of AF occurrence were 1.77 (1.69-1.85), 1.85 (1.80-1.91), 1.99 (1.95-2.04), and 4.04 (3.07-5.33) in individuals with CKD stages 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, compared with non-CKD. The association between CKD and incident AF remained statistically significant after adjustment for multiple confounding factors and was consistent across subgroups stratified by sex and age. Conclusions CKD is associated with an increased incidence of AF. Even mild CKD is associated with incident AF, and there was a stepwise increase in the risk of incident AF with a decrease in renal function.

PMID:37066806 | DOI:10.1161/JAHA.122.028496

Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2023 Apr 14. doi: 10.2174/1573397119666230414103624. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by pooling the evidence from all available studies. Potentially eligible studies were identified from MEDLINE and EMBASE database from inception to April 2021 employing a search strategy that consisted of terms for “Rheumatoid Arthritis” and “Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease”. Eligible studies for the meta-analysis were recruited with conditions of being cohort studies that included rheumatoid arthritis and without rheumatoid arthritis individuals. Together with this, prevalence of GERD in both groups and the odds ratio (OR) comparing the prevalence of GERD between the two cohorts have been reported. The retrieved point estimates with standard errors from each study were pooled into the final result by the random-effect model and generic inverse variance method as described by DerSimonian and Laird.

RESULTS: A total of 3,646 articles were identified. After two rounds of independent review by two investigators, five cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis as they met the eligibility criteria. The pooled analysis demonstrated a significant association between RA and GERD with the pooled odds ratio of 1.98 (95% CI, 1.49 – 2.65). High statistical heterogeneity with I2 of 83% was observed. The funnel plot was symmetric and publication bias was not observed.

CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant association between GERD and RA.

PMID:37066776 | DOI:10.2174/1573397119666230414103624

Med Chem. 2023 Apr 14. doi: 10.2174/1573406419666230414144825. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: 1, 8-naphthimide is a novel tumor inhibitor targeting nuclear DNA, which makes it applicable to the design and development of anti-osteosarcoma drugs.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to establish a satisfactory model based on 1, 8-naphthimide derivatives that makes reliable prediction as DNA-targeted chemotherapy agents for osteosarcoma.

METHOD: All compounds are constructed using ChemDraw software and subsequently optimized using Sybyl software. COMSIA method is used to construct QSAR model with the optimized compound in Sybyl software package. A series of new 1, 8-naphthalimide derivatives are designed and their IC50 values are predicted using the QSAR model. Finally, the newly designed compounds are screened according to IC50 values, and molecular docking experiments are conducted on the top ten compounds of IC50.

RESULTS: The COMSIA model shows that q2 is 0.529 and the optimum number of components is 6. The model has a high r2 value of 0.993 and a low SEE of 0.033, with the F value and the r2 predicted to be 495.841 and 0.996 respectively. The statistical results and verification results of the model are satisfactory. In addition, analyzing the contour maps is conducive to finding the structural requirements.

CONCLUSION: The results of this study can provide guidance for medical chemists and other related workers to develop targeted chemotherapy drugs for osteosarcoma.

PMID:37066772 | DOI:10.2174/1573406419666230414144825

Schizophr Bull. 2023 Apr 17:sbac209. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbac209. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is among the most persistent and debilitating mental health conditions worldwide. The American Psychological Association (APA) has identified 10 psychosocial treatments with evidence for treating schizophrenia and these treatments are typically provided in person. However, in-person services can be challenging to access for people living in remote geographic locations. Remote treatment delivery is an important option to increase access to services; however, it is unclear whether evidence-based treatments for schizophrenia are similarly effective when delivered remotely.

STUDY DESIGN: The current study consists of a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining the evidence-base for remote-delivery of each of the 10 APA evidence-based treatments for schizophrenia.

RESULTS: Of the 10 treatments examined, only cognitive remediation (CR), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and family psychoeducation had more than 2 studies examining their efficacy for remote delivery. Remote delivery of CBT produced moderate effects on symptoms (g = 0.43) and small effects on functioning (g = 0.26). Remote delivery of CR produced small-moderate effects on neurocognition (g = 0.35) and small effects on functioning (g = 0.21). There were insufficient studies of family psychoeducation with equivalent outcome measures to assess quantitatively, however, studies of remotely delivered family psychoeducation suggested that it is feasible, acceptable, and potentially effective.

CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the evidence-base for remotely delivered treatment for schizophrenia is limited. Studies to date suggest that remote adaptations may be effective; however, more rigorous trials are needed to assess efficacy and methods of remote delivery that are most effective.

PMID:37066769 | DOI:10.1093/schbul/sbac209

J Adv Nurs. 2023 Apr 17. doi: 10.1111/jan.15677. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To describe nurses’ perceptions of family nursing practice and to explore the influence of their perceptions of the benefits, barriers and activities of family engagement in care on family nursing practice.

DESIGN: A cross-sectional correlational study.

METHODS: In total, 460 nurses from two tertiary hospitals in the central region of Uganda participated. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected between August 2020 and January 2021 using the Family Nursing Practice Scale. Analyses included descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation, analysis of variance and ordinal logistics regression. Quantitative content analysis was carried out on the textual data.

RESULTS: Nurses who perceived that family engagement in care improves patient and family outcomes were more likely to rate family nursing practice highly. Perceived barriers to family engagement in care particularly time constraints, work overload and family-related conflicts have a negative and significant influence on family nursing practice. Nurse characteristics such as education, usual shift pattern and personal experience of having a family member in hospital are significantly associated with family nursing practice; nurses who work morning shifts were likely to report higher family nursing practice.

CONCLUSION: The study reveals that several parameters (perceived barriers, perceived benefits and nurse characteristics) influence nursing practice with families. Thus, bearing in mind the diversity of healthcare contexts, the findings show that multiple interacting factors are important for advancing family nursing interventions and practice.

IMPACT: Probabilistic factor-specific predictions of nursing practice with families are provided in this study – this addresses a gap in the evidence regarding the elements that should be optimized when designing well-informed policies and interventions to advance family nursing practice. A comparison of results in the literature with the present study’s findings suggests a need to broaden the scope and context perspective in future research and broaden the understanding of how nurses´ perceptions influence family engagement in care.

REPORTING METHOD: The study adheres to the STROBE reporting guidelines.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Family members/caregivers were involved in the design of the study particularly in assessment of validation of the tools used in the study.

PMID:37066738 | DOI:10.1111/jan.15677

Ophthalmic Genet. 2023 Apr 17:1-6. doi: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2194494. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To comprehend the etiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR), it is crucial to clarify the genetic susceptibility factors for DR. Previous studies have reported that five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs9362054 (near the CEP162 gene), rs1990145 (MRPL19), rs10519765 (FMN1), rs237025 (SUMO4) and rs767649 (MIR155HG) were associated with DR. This study was conducted to elucidate the association between the five SNPs and DR in a Chinese Han population.

METHODS: A total of 957 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) including diabetes mellitus without retinopathy (DNR = 478), nonproliferative DR (NPDR = 384) and proliferative (PDR = 95) were recruited in this study. SNPs were genotyped using the Mass ARRAY MALDI-TOF system. The genotype and allele frequencies were determined using χ² tests. For genotype and allele risk, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Four genetic models (homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, and recessive) were used to further investigate the link between the five SNPs and DR.

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference of CEP162 rs9362054 between NPDR and DNR (P = .027, OR = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.03-1.54) and a significant association of SUMO4 rs237025 detected between PDR and DNR (P = .031, OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.03-2.02). The association of CEP162 rs9362054 was also observed under the dominant mode (P = .03, OR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.03-1.77). The association of SUMO4 rs237025 was found under the heterozygous model (P = .03, OR = 1.68, 95%CI = 1.06-2.69) and the dominant model (P = .02, OR = 1.70, 95%CI = 1.08-2.67). No associations of the other three SNPs with NPDR and PDR were detected when compared with DNR under these genetic models.

CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that rs9362054 and rs237025 were associated with NPDR and PDR when compared with DNR, suggesting that SUMO4 may be involved in the development of PDR, while CEP162 may be associated with NPDR.

PMID:37066695 | DOI:10.1080/13816810.2023.2194494