Tag: statistics

Res Aging. 2023 Feb 17:1640275231157784. doi: 10.1177/01640275231157784. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Studies on the interdependence of couples’ health behaviors and subsequent cognitive outcomes remain limited. Methods: Longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2018) were used (N = 1869 heterosexual couples). Latent class analysis identified the dyadic pattern of health behaviors in 2011 (i.e., alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical inactivity). Stratified Cox models examined the association of latent classes with risk of developing memory-related disorders in 2013-2018. Results: Three classes were identified: class 1 (21.25%, only husband smoke, and both active), class 2 (47.55%, both inactive, neither drink nor smoke), and class 3 (31.20%, both drink and smoke, and both active). Couples’ sedentary lifestyle was associated with an increased risk of memory-related disorders among both husbands and wives. Conclusion: Couples were moderately concordant in their physical activity but weakly in smoking and drinking. Couple-based interventions, especially promoting physical activity, may reduce cognitive aging among middle-aged and older Chinese couples.

PMID:36800501 | DOI:10.1177/01640275231157784

J Neurosci Nurs. 2023 Feb 15. doi: 10.1097/JNN.0000000000000700. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Distinguishing features of our stroke network include routine involvement of a telestroke nurse (TSRN) for code stroke activations at nonthrombectomy centers and immediate availability of neuroradiologists for imaging interpretation. On May 1, 2021, we implemented a new workflow for code stroke activations presenting beyond 4.5 hours from last known well that relied on a TSRN supported by a neuroradiologist for initial triage. Patients without a target large vessel occlusion (LVO) were managed without routine involvement of a teleneurologist, which represented a change from the preimplementation period. METHODS: We collected data 6 months before and after implementation of the new workflow. We compared preimplementation process metrics for patients managed with teleneurologist involvement with the postimplementation patients managed without teleneurologist involvement. RESULTS: With the new workflow, teleneurologist involvement decreased from 95% (n = 953) for patients presenting beyond 4.5 hours from last known well to 37% (n = 373; P < .001). Compared with patients in the preimplementation period, postimplementation patients without teleneurologist involvement experienced less inpatient hospital admission and observation (87% vs 90%; unadjusted P = .038, adjusted P = .06). Among the preimplementation and postimplementation admitted patients, there was no statistically significant difference in follow-up neurology consultation or nonstroke diagnoses. A similar percentage of LVO patients were transferred to the thrombectomy center (54% pre vs 49% post, P = .612), whereas more LVO transfers in the postimplementation cohort received thrombectomy therapy (75% post vs 39% pre, P = .014). Among LVO patients (48 pre and 41 post), no statistical significance was observed in imaging and management times. CONCLUSION: Our work shows the successful teaming of a TSRN and a neuroradiologist to triage acute stroke patients who present beyond an eligibility window for systemic thrombolysis, without negatively impacting care and process metrics. This innovative partnering may help to preserve the availability of teleneurologists by limiting their involvement when diagnostic imaging drives decision making.

PMID:36800500 | DOI:10.1097/JNN.0000000000000700

Phys Rev Lett. 2023 Feb 3;130(5):051802. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.051802.

ABSTRACT

The inclusive electron neutrino charged-current cross section is measured in the NOvA near detector using 8.02×10^{20} protons-on-target in the NuMI beam. The sample of GeV electron neutrino interactions is the largest analyzed to date and is limited by ≃17% systematic rather than the ≃7.4% statistical uncertainties. The double-differential cross section in final-state electron energy and angle is presented for the first time, together with the single-differential dependence on Q^{2} (squared four-momentum transfer) and energy, in the range 1 GeV≤E_{ν}<6 GeV. Detailed comparisons are made to the predictions of the GENIE, GiBUU, NEUT, and NuWro neutrino event generators. The data do not strongly favor a model over the others consistently across all three cross sections measured, though some models have especially good or poor agreement in the single differential cross section vs Q^{2}.

PMID:36800478 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.051802

Phys Rev Lett. 2023 Feb 3;130(5):053601. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.053601.

ABSTRACT

In this Letter, we show how to efficiently generate entanglement between two artificial giant atoms with photon-mediated interactions in a waveguide. Taking advantage of the adjustable decay processes of giant atoms into the waveguide and of the interference processes, spontaneous sudden birth of entanglement can be strongly enhanced with giant atoms. Highly entangled states can also be generated in the steady-state regime when the system is driven by a resonant classical field. We show that the statistics of the light emitted by the system can be used as a witness of the presence of entanglement in the system, since giant photon bunching is observed close to the regime of maximal entanglement. Given the degree of quantum correlations incoherently generated in this system, our results open a broad avenue for the generation of quantum correlations and manipulation of photon statistics in systems of giant atoms.

PMID:36800463 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.053601

Am Surg. 2023 Feb 17:31348231157874. doi: 10.1177/00031348231157874. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Sepsis mortality remains high and efforts to reduce it are continuing. We collected data from our patients presented to the emergency department (ED) with sepsis and performed a retrospective analysis of 1079 patients seen in the ED with sepsis during 2018 and 2020, before and after implementation of the new CDC protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test and chi square test as well as Cox regression analysis. The patients were divided into pre-protocol (group 1) and post-protocol (group 2). A total of 1079 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 65 + 16.86 years, divided equally between gender (male 49%, female 51%). Patients with certain comorbidities showed statistically significant survival rate in the protocol group. The current protocol for sepsis when implemented will improve patients’ survival, in both surgical and medical patients and significantly in those with comorbid conditions.

PMID:36800414 | DOI:10.1177/00031348231157874

PLoS One. 2023 Feb 17;18(2):e0279574. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279574. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this work is to present a computer assisted diagnostic tool for radiologists in their diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. A statistical likelihood-ratio procedure from signal detection theory was implemented in the detection of Alzheimer’s disease. The probability density functions of the likelihood ratio were constructed by using medial temporal lobe (MTL) volumes of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and normal controls (NC). The volumes of MTL as well as other anatomical regions of the brains were calculated by the FreeSurfer software using T1 weighted MRI images. The MRI images of AD and NC were downloaded from the database of Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI). A separate dataset of minimal interval resonance imaging in Alzheimer’s disease (MIRIAD) was used for diagnostic testing. A sensitivity of 89.1% and specificity of 87.0% were achieved for the MIRIAD dataset which are better than the 85% sensitivity and specificity achieved by the best radiologists without input of other patient information.

PMID:36800393 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0279574

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Feb 21;120(8):e2207425120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2207425120. Epub 2023 Feb 17.

ABSTRACT

Lysosomal exocytosis is involved in many key cellular processes but its spatiotemporal regulation is poorly known. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) and spatial statistics, we observed that lysosomal exocytosis is not random at the adhesive part of the plasma membrane of RPE1 cells but clustered at different scales. Although the rate of exocytosis is regulated by the actin cytoskeleton, neither interfering with actin or microtubule dynamics by drug treatments alters its spatial organization. Exocytosis events partially co-appear at focal adhesions (FAs) and their clustering is reduced upon removal of FAs. Changes in membrane tension following a hypo-osmotic shock or treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin were found to increase clustering. To investigate the link between FAs and membrane tension, cells were cultured on adhesive ring-shaped micropatterns, which allow to control the spatial organization of FAs. By using a combination of TIRFM and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), we revealed the existence of a radial gradient in membrane tension. By changing the diameter of micropatterned substrates, we further showed that this gradient as well as the extent of exocytosis clustering can be controlled. Together, our data indicate that the spatial clustering of lysosomal exocytosis relies on membrane tension patterning controlled by the spatial organization of FAs.

PMID:36800388 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2207425120

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Feb 21;120(8):e2217194120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2217194120. Epub 2023 Feb 17.

ABSTRACT

Secreted protein toxins are widely used weapons in conflicts between organisms. Elucidating how organisms genetically adapt to defend themselves against these toxins is fundamental to understanding the coevolutionary dynamics of competing organisms. Within yeast communities, “killer” toxins are secreted to kill nearby sensitive yeast, providing a fitness advantage in competitive growth environments. Natural yeast isolates vary in their sensitivity to these toxins, but to date, no polymorphic genetic factors contributing to defense have been identified. We investigated the variation in resistance to the killer toxin K28 across diverse natural isolates of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae population. Using large-scale linkage mapping, we discovered a novel defense factor, which we named KTD1. We identified many KTD1 alleles, which provided different levels of K28 resistance. KTD1 is a member of the DUP240 gene family of unknown function, which is rapidly evolving in a region spanning its two encoded transmembrane helices. We found that this domain is critical to KTD1‘s protective ability. Our findings implicate KTD1 as a key polymorphic factor in the defense against K28 toxin.

PMID:36800387 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2217194120

Turk Neurosurg. 2022 Dec 28. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.42640-22.3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To compare the efficacy of neuroendoscopic lavage (NEL) and shunt revision (SR) in the treatment of multiple shunt failures in children with hydrocephalus.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of 56 pediatric patients who underwent surgeries for the treatment of shunt failure were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups as simple SR (Group A) and NEL+SR (Group B). Demographic characteristics, co-morbidities, surgical interventions, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyzes, and complications were recorded and statistically compared for both groups.

RESULTS: Among the 56 patients, 51 of them presented with shunt dysfunction due to infectious debris or clots at different times. 28 of 51 patients (54.9%) were female and 23 (45%) were male. The mean age was 7.3 months. Simple SR was performed in 30 cases (Group A), and NEL and simultaneous SR were performed in 21 patients (Group B). The risk of shunt dysfunction was significantly lower in Group B (p 0.05).The risk of infection was high in Group A, but this was not statistically significant (p 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Simultaneously endoscopic lavage and shunt revision is an effective method in the treatment of shunt dysfunction in children. It is also superior to simple shunt revision for the risk of shunt dysfunction. More clinical studies are needed to verify this outcome.

PMID:36799283 | DOI:10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.42640-22.3

Turk Neurosurg. 2022 Dec 28. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.42533-22.2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness and outcomes of unilateral dynamic stabilization surgical treatment in patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniation (RLDH).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients requiring an operation due to RLDH at the L4-5 level were included in the study.They divided into the following two groups: SD group who had only revision discectomy (n = 20) and DDgroup who had unilateral dynamic rod stabilization with discectomy (n = 20). Low back and leg pain were evaluated with the visual analog scale (VAS), and functional results were evaluated with the Oswestry disability index (ODI). The VAS scores were evaluated in two different regions as VAS Low Back (VASLB) and VAS Leg (VASL). The results of each patient were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 and 12 months postoperatively. The anterior disc height (ADH), posterior disc height (PDH), and segmental angle (SA) were measured on the sagittal computed tomography (CT) scans of each patient’s lumbar spine. Modified Pfirrmann grades in the operated and adjacent segments on lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRİ) were assessed preoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively.

RESULTS: Altogether, 40 patients (17 women and 23 men; mean age, 47.9 years) were enrolled. There was no statistically significant difference in the VASLB scores between the two groups (P = 0.42). The decrease in VASL scores was statistically significant between groups (P 0.05). A statistically significant decrease in ODI scores was also observed (P 0.05). When ADH and PDH obtained preoperatively and postoperatively were compared for the SD group, the differences were not statistically significant. Significant differences were found for ADH and PDH obtained preoperatively and postoperatively in the DD group (P 0.05). However, for SA, the difference was not significant between the two groups (P = 0.28).

CONCLUSION: Unilateral dynamic stabilization for RLDH leads to fewer surgical complications and provides sufficient stability by preserving segmental movements.

PMID:36799282 | DOI:10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.42533-22.2