Tag: statistics

Int Braz J Urol. 2023 Jul-Aug;49(4):479-489. doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0123.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the potential oncologic benefit of a visibly complete transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TURBT) prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and radical cystectomy (RC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified patients who received NAC and RC between 2011-2021. Records were reviewed to assess TURBT completeness. The primary outcome was pathologic downstaging (<ypT2N0), with complete pathologic response (ypT0N0) and survival as secondary endpoints. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were utilized.

RESULTS: We identified 153 patients, including 116 (76%) with a complete TURBT. Sixty-four (42%) achieved <ypT2N0 and 43 (28%) achieved ypT0N0. When comparing those with and without a complete TURBT, there was no significant difference in the proportion with <ypT2N0 (43% vs 38%, P=0.57) or ypT0N0 (28% vs 27%, P=0.87). After median follow-up of 3.6 years (IQR 1.5-5.1), 86 patients died, 37 died from bladder cancer, and 61 had recurrence. We did not observe a statistically significant association of complete TURBT with cancer-specific or recurrence-free survival (p≥0.20), although the hazard of death from any cause was significantly higher among those with incomplete TURBT even after adjusting for ECOG and pathologic T stage, HR 1.77 (95% CI 1.04-3.00, P=.034).

CONCLUSIONS: A visibly complete TURBT was not associated with pathologic downstaging, cancer-specific or recurrence-free survival following NAC and RC. These data do not support the need for repeat TURBT to achieve a visibly complete resection if NAC and RC are planned.

PMID:37267613 | DOI:10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0123

Int Braz J Urol. 2023 Jul-Aug;49(4):469-478. doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0031.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of different combinations of radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) and bladder cuff excision (BCE) surgical procedures on intravesical recurrence (IVR) in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 452 patients who underwent RNU with BCE for UTUC between January 2010 and December 2020. The patients were classified into three groups based on different combinations of RNU and BCE surgical procedures: open RNU with open BCE (group 1, n=104), minimally invasive (MIS) RNU with open BCE (group 2, n=196), and MIS RNU with intracorporeal BCE (group 3, n=152). Data on demographics, body mass index, history, preoperative renal function, perioperative status, tumor characteristics, histopathology, and recurrence conditions were collected. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the impact of the surgical procedures on IVR. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 29.5 months, the IVR rate was 29.6% and the IVR-free survival rate was the lowest in group 2 (group 1 vs. group 2 vs. group 3: 69.0% vs. 55.1% vs. 67.5%; log-rank P=0.048). The overall survival rate was comparable among the three groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that group 2 had a significantly higher risk of IVR than group 1 (hazard ratio=1.949, 95% confidence interval=1.082-3.511, P=0.026), while groups 1 and 3 had similar risks.

CONCLUSIONS: For patients with UTUC, MIS RNU with open BCE is associated with a higher risk of IVR than open RNU with open BCE and MIS RNU with intracorporeal BCE.

PMID:37267612 | DOI:10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0031

Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2023 Jun 2. doi: 10.15326/jcopdf.2022.0382. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive disease (COPD) risk factors, smoking and chronic infection (Cytomegalovirus (CMV)) may mold NK cell populations. What is not known is the magnitude of effect of CMV seropositivity imparts on populations in smokers with and at-risk for COPD. We investigate the independent influence of CMV seropositivity on NK cell populations and differential effects when stratifying by COPD and degree of smoking history.

METHODS: Descriptive statistics determine relationship between cytotoxic NK cell populations and demographic and clinical variables. Multivariable linear regression and predictive modeling was performed to determine associations between positive CMV serology and proportions of CD57+ and NKG2C+ NK cells. We dichotomized our analysis by those with a heavy smoking history, COPD, and describing the effect size of CMV seropositivity on NK cell populations.

RESULTS: When controlled for age, race, sex, pack-years smoked, body-mass index, and lung function, CMV+ serostatus was independently associated with a higher proportion of CD57+, NKG2C+, and NKG2C+CD57+ NK cells. CMV+ serostatus was the sole predictor of larger NKG2C+ and CD57+NKG2C+ populations. Associations are more pronounced in those with COPD and heavy smokers.

CONCLUSIONS: Among Veterans who are current and former smokers, CMV+ serostatus was independently associated with larger CD57+ and NKG2C+ populations, with a larger effect in heavy smokers and those with COPD, and was the sole predictor for increased expression of NKG2C+ and CD57+NKG2C+ populations. These findings may be broadened to include the assessment of longitudinal NK cell population change, accrued inflammatory potential, and further identification of pro-inflammatory NK cell population clusters.

PMID:37267601 | DOI:10.15326/jcopdf.2022.0382

J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jun 2:JCO2300845. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.00845. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:37267581 | DOI:10.1200/JCO.23.00845

Phys Rev Lett. 2023 May 19;130(20):200402. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.200402.

ABSTRACT

We introduce a wide class of quantum maps that arise in collisional reservoirs and are able to thermalize a system if they operate in conjunction with an additional dephasing mechanism. These maps describe the effect of collisions and induce transitions between populations that obey detailed balance, but also create coherences that prevent the system from thermalizing. We combine these maps with a unitary evolution acting during random Poissonian times between collisions and causing dephasing. We find that, at a low collision rate, the nontrivial combination of these two effects causes thermalization in the system. This scenario is suitable for modeling collisional reservoirs at equilibrium. We justify this claim by identifying the conditions for such maps to arise within a scattering theory approach and provide a thorough characterization of the resulting thermalization process.

PMID:37267544 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.200402

Phys Rev Lett. 2023 May 19;130(20):207101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.207101.

ABSTRACT

We study a one-dimensional gas of N Brownian particles that diffuse independently, but are simultaneously reset to the origin at a constant rate r. The system approaches a nonequilibrium stationary state with long-range interactions induced by the simultaneous resetting. Despite the presence of strong correlations, we show that several observables can be computed exactly, which include the global average density, the distribution of the position of the kth rightmost particle, and the spacing distribution between two successive particles. Our analytical results are confirmed by numerical simulations. We also discuss a possible experimental realization of this resetting gas using optical traps.

PMID:37267543 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.207101

Ann Bot. 2023 Jun 2:mcad065. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcad065. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cultivated bananas resulted from inter-(sub-)specific hybridizations involving Musa species and subspecies (M. acuminata subspecies, M. schizocarpa, M. balbisiana) and the subsequent selection, centuries ago, of hybrids with parthenocarpic, seedless fruits. Cultivars have low fertility and are vegetatively propagated, forming groups of somaclones. Relatively few of them, mainly triploids, are grown on a large scale and characterization of their parental relationships may be useful for breeding strategies. Here, we investigate parental relationships and gamete-type contributions among diploid and polyploid banana cultivars.

METHODS: We used SNP genotyping data from whole genome sequencing of 178 banana individuals including 111 cultivars, 55 wild bananas and 12 synthetic F1 hybrids. We analysed the proportion of SNP sites in accordance with direct parentage with a global statistic and along chromosomes for selected individuals.

KEY RESULTS: We characterised parentage relationships for seven diploid, eleven triploid and one tetraploid cultivars. Results showed that both diploid and triploid cultivars could have contributed gametes to other banana cultivars. Diploids may have contributed 1x or 2x gametes and triploids, 1x to 3x gametes. The Mchare diploid cultivars group nowadays only found in East Africa, was found as parent of 2 diploid and 8 triploid cultivars. In five of its identified triploid offspring, corresponding to main export or locally popular dessert bananas, Mchare contributed a 2x gamete with full genome restitution without recombination. Analyses of remaining haplotypes in these Mchare offspring suggested ancestral pedigree relationships between different interspecific banana cultivars.

CONCLUSIONS: Current cultivated banana resulted from different pathways of formation, with implication of recombined or un-recombined unreduced gametes produced by diploid or triploid cultivars. Identification of dessert banana’s parents and the type of their contributed gametes should support the design of breeding strategies.

PMID:37267450 | DOI:10.1093/aob/mcad065

J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2023 Jun 2:1-17. doi: 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00572. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown that individuals with congenital amusia exhibit deficient pitch processing across music and language domains. This study investigated whether adult Chinese-speaking listeners with amusia were still able to learn Thai lexical tones based on stimulus frequency of statistical distribution via distributional learning, despite their degraded lexical tone perception.

METHOD: Following a pretest-training-posttest design, 21 amusics and 23 typical, musically intact listeners were assigned into bimodal and unimodal distribution conditions. Listeners were asked to discriminate minimal pairs of Thai mid-level tone and falling tone superimposed on variable base syllables and uttered by different speakers. The perceptual accuracy for each test session and improvement from pretest to posttest were collected and analyzed between the two groups using generalized mixed-effects models.

RESULTS: When discriminating Thai lexical tones, amusics were less accurate than typical listeners. Nonetheless, similarly to control listeners, perceptual gains from pretest to posttest were observed in bimodally rather than unimodally trained amusics, as evidenced by both trained and nontrained test words.

CONCLUSIONS: Amusics are able to learn lexical tones in a second or foreign context of speech. This extends previous research by showing that amusics’ distributional learning of linguistic pitch remains largely preserved despite their degraded pitch processing. It is thus likely that manifestations of amusia in speech could not result from their abnormal statistical learning mechanism. This study meanwhile provides a heuristic approach for future studies to apply this paradigm into amusics’ treatment to mitigate their pitch-processing disorder.

PMID:37267445 | DOI:10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00572

PLoS One. 2023 Jun 2;18(6):e0285699. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285699. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this article is to explore the impact of housing investment on household entrepreneurship. Using survey data from China and employing a Probit model, we examine three aspects of housing status and innovatively subdivide household entrepreneurship into agricultural entrepreneurship and business entrepreneurship. The results show that households with higher housing investment are less likely to become agricultural entrepreneurs, but more likely to start a new business. Households with full-owned housing enjoy a higher likelihood to become business entrepreneurs. However, other ownerships have no relation with the choice of entrepreneurship. More housing loans discourage entrepreneurial activities. One exception is that bank loan raises the chance of being agricultural entrepreneurs. Households who build their own houses have a higher agricultural entrepreneurship. Buying market price houses encourages households to be business entrepreneurs. Low-price house and inherited house prevent households from being business entrepreneurs.

PMID:37267400 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0285699

PLoS One. 2023 Jun 2;18(6):e0286182. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286182. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

Considering the pharmacological treatment options for endometriosis-associated pain are confined to hormonal therapy and analgesics, we studied the analgesic effect of 20 mg melatonin as an adjuvant therapy in women with endometriosis-associated pain. This randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at the Research Center for Womens’ Health at Södersjukhuset, a university hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Forty women from 18 to 50 years of age with endometriosis and severe dysmenorrhea with or without chronic pelvic pain were given 20 mg Melatonin or placebo orally daily for two consecutive menstrual cycles or months. The level of pain was recorded daily on the 11-point numeric rating scale, a difference of 1.3 units was considered clinically significant. Clincaltrials.gov nr NCT03782740. Sixteen participants completed the study in the placebo group and 18 in the melatonin group. The difference in endometriosis-associated pain between the groups showed to be non-significant statistically as well as clinically, 2.9 (SD 1.9) in the melatonin group and 3.3 (SD 2.0) in the placebo group, p = 0.45. This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial could not show that 20 mg of melatonin given orally at bedtime had better analgesic effect on endometriosis-associated pain compared with placebo. No adverse effects were observed.

PMID:37267394 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0286182