Tag: statistics

J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2025 Dec 18. doi: 10.1177/15409996251410003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To compare intrauterine device (IUD) expulsion rates between medication and procedural abortion management for induced or spontaneous abortion and identify risk factors for expulsion. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing medication or procedural management of induced or spontaneous abortion ≤10 weeks’ gestation at a specialty clinic within a single academic center between 2010 and 2023. Included patients received a copper or levonorgestrel IUD at the time of uterine aspiration or within 30 days of medication management and had clinical or radiographical follow-up describing the IUD. The primary outcome was partial or complete IUD expulsion. Secondary analyses examined associations between clinical variables and expulsion risk. Results: Among 410 patients, 60 received medication for induced or spontaneous abortion, and 350 underwent procedural management for induced or spontaneous abortion. The IUD expulsion rate was 12% following medication management and 11% following procedural management, with no statistically significant difference. In a regression analysis, indication, treatment method, gestational age, and IUD type were not associated with IUD expulsion. Gravidity was the only independent risk factor (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.09-1.35). Conclusions: IUD expulsion rate after procedural or medication management of induced or spontaneous abortion was approximately 11% and did not differ by indication or treatment.

PMID:41467930 | DOI:10.1177/15409996251410003

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2025 Dec 30. doi: 10.1007/s13555-025-01567-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Several treatments are available for actinic keratosis (AK), many of which are hampered by local inflammation, pain, long duration, and slow healing. Indoor daylight photodynamic therapy (idl-PDT) is an effective, well-tolerated, first-line treatment for both AK and field cancerization, but its feasibility is limited by the long time required for illumination (2 h). The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of idl-PDT with an illumination time of 1 h versus 2 h in the treatment of scalp AK.

METHODS: We conducted an intrapatient, comparative study of idl-PDT with two illumination durations, 1 h versus 2 h, using methyl aminolevulinate (MAL, Metvix®) and a white light-emitting diode (LED) light (Dermaris®) for the treatment of scalp AK. Patients were evaluated 3 months and 6 months after one session of idl-MAL-PDT for AK response rate, both overall and by AK grade, and tolerability. Physicians’ and patients’ satisfaction were also investigated.

RESULTS: A total of 55 patients were enrolled with a total of 955 AK (grade I-II). The AK clearance rate was 72.9% in 1 h-half and 71.1% in 2 h-half after 3 months, and 76.2% in 1 h-half and 78.9% in 2 h-half after 6 months. No statistically significant difference in efficacy (overall, grade I and II AK) was observed between the two illumination times, both at 3 and 6 months. The local skin reaction score and pain numeric rating scale (NRS) were very low, and comparable between the two treatment arms. Both physicians and patients expressed very good opinion on effectiveness and cosmetic outcome. Overall, 96.4% of patients would undergo idl-PDT again.

CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of idl-PDT in treating grade I and II AK of the scalp was comparable using 1 h or 2 h as illumination time. Both treatment schedules were well tolerated, with a very high rate of satisfaction from both physicians and patients. This trial was retrospectively registered on the 4th of December 2025.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials. gov identifier, NCT07290959.

PMID:41467928 | DOI:10.1007/s13555-025-01567-z

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2025 Dec 18. doi: 10.1177/08892229251405793. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The collection, storage, and transport of plasma, the ideal specimen for HIV-1 genotyping, is plagued by technical difficulties in resource-limited settings. We aimed to compare corresponding bio-samples for HIV-1 genotypic drug resistance testing. A total of 87 matched specimens of plasma, dried blood spots (DBS), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from 29 persons living with HIV (PLWH) in clinical, immunological, and/or virological failure were included. Drug resistance genotyping was done by nested PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing of the HIV-1 pol gene. The clinical reporting was based on the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database. Amplification and genotyping success rates from the three sample types were compared. The level of agreement between the sample types was assessed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. In total, 89.7% (n = 26) of samples were amplified in plasma, 69% (n = 20) in DBS, and 100% (n = 29) in PBMC. In samples with plasma viral load >1,000 copies/mL, 96.2% were amplified in plasma, 73.1% in DBS, and 100% in PBMCs. The median number of mutations detected in plasma, DBS, and PBMCs was 6.5 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2-8.25), 5 (IQR: 0-6), and 5 (IQR: 2-7), respectively. The difference in the number of mutations across the three sample types was not statistically significant (p = 0.221). The agreement between the sample types was calculated based on susceptibility and resistance to different antivirals. The kappa values for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ranged from 0.70 to 0.88 and 0.75 to 0.87, respectively. Six samples showed discordance in HIV-1 drug resistance profiles when compared across the three compartments. DBS is a promising alternative to plasma for HIV-1 genotypic testing in resource-limited settings owing to the ease of sampling, storage, transportation, human resource efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. However, no single specimen type can satisfy all requirements and purposes. Selecting an appropriate specimen for a setting requires careful consideration of the practical constraints, logistical capacity, and application needs.

PMID:41467909 | DOI:10.1177/08892229251405793

Dev Sci. 2026 Mar;29(2):e70117. doi: 10.1111/desc.70117.

ABSTRACT

It has been suggested that bilinguals take greater advantage of visual speech cues than monolinguals. Therefore, in a sample of 474 (47.3% females) monolingual and 101 (48.5% females) bilingual infants at 5 months of age, we examined the tendency to look at the eyes versus the mouth of dynamic faces, as well as the latency and ratio of looking at a static face interspersed with non-social objects. No significant differences were found for these measures, suggesting that monolingual and bilingual infants orient to and scan faces in a similar way. Although no association was found between the tendency to look at eyes versus mouth at 5 months and vocabulary at 24 and 36 months, a higher tendency to look at the eyes was related to a larger receptive vocabulary at 14 months, but only in the monolingual group (β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.04; 0.27, p = 0.011). However, the difference in beta values of this association between mono- and bilinguals was not statistically significant. In conclusion, we did not find support for the hypothesis that bilingual infants rely on visual speech cues from the mouth more than monolinguals do, and there was no association between the tendency to look at eyes versus mouth and later language development in the bilingual group. SUMMARY: It has been suggested that bilinguals take greater advantage of visual speech cues than monolinguals. Here, no differences between bilingual and monolingual 5-month-olds were found regarding any measures of face scanning. The findings suggest similar visual attention patterns in mono- and bilingual infants, with no impact on bilingual language development.

PMID:41467446 | DOI:10.1111/desc.70117

Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2025 Dec 31. doi: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000001298. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In this study, we analyzed and characterized differentially expressed proteins in differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma with low-grade atypia for screening potential protein markers. We collected gastric tissue specimens from 90 patients treated at the Pathology Department of the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, China, between January 2019 and December 2022. These specimens had been fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. We classified these samples into 3 groups: the control group (normal gastric mucosa), the low-grade atypia group (differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma with low-grade atypia), and the high-grade atypia group (differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma with high-grade atypia), consisting of 30 cases in each group. We analyzed differential proteomes with the data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) methodology and selected 4 differentially expressed proteins that were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for validation. A total of 4406 proteins were identified, among which 598 and 357 proteins were statistically different in the low-grade atypia group as compared with the control group and the high-grade atypia group, respectively. IHC staining showed that the expression of FHL3, CSRP2, and FCGR3A was significantly higher in the low-grade atypia group than in the control group (P <0.05) and significantly higher in the high-grade atypia group than in the low-grade atypia group (P <0.05). FHL2 expression was negative to weakly positive in the control and low-grade atypia groups and not significantly different between the 2 groups, whereas FHL2 expression in the high-grade atypia group was significantly higher than in the control and low-grade atypia groups (P <0.05). Proteomic analysis is helpful for discovering new protein markers. Using a combination of FHL3, CSRP2, and FCGR3A can increase the accuracy of the pathologic diagnosis of differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma with low-grade atypia.

PMID:41467433 | DOI:10.1097/PAI.0000000000001298

J Adolesc. 2025 Dec 30. doi: 10.1002/jad.70101. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Adolescent sexting has been associated with a range of sexual behaviours, yet prior reviews have primarily focused on its relationship with sexual intercourse or sexual risks. This review examined associations of adolescent sexting and specific sexual behaviours.

METHODS: PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, CMMC, and MEDLINE were searched in December 2023, February 2024, and September 2025 yielding 5310 references. Eligible studies examined associations between sexting and sexual behaviours among adolescents (10-19 years), published in English. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data per PRISMA guidelines. Quality was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Meta-analyses used a random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed via I² statistics.

RESULTS: Seventeen studies from the EU, Australia and USA, comprising 54,373 adolescents were included in this review; nine contributed to the meta-analysis. Most studies framed sexting as a risk behaviour, fewer adopted normative or dual perspectives. Sexting was associated with multiple sexual behaviours, particularly among older adolescents, LGBTQ+ teenagers, and those in romantic relationships. Meta-analysis found sexting was significantly associated with sexual intercourse (OR = 5.69), oral sex (OR = 12.50), vaginal intercourse (OR = 9.50), anal intercourse (OR = 12.30), and multiple sexual partners (OR = 2.10). Subgroup analysis found specific measures of vaginal intercourse yielded more consistent estimates than unspecified sexual intercourse.

CONCLUSION: These associations highlight the need for multisystem interventions that address both the risks of adolescent sexting and its role in adolescent sexual development in the digital era. Effective responses to sexting should integrate both its risks and its role in adolescent development into policy, education, and health strategies.

PMID:41467417 | DOI:10.1002/jad.70101

Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2025 Dec 30:15385744251409962. doi: 10.1177/15385744251409962. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

ObjectivesThoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) is now the standard of care for management of aortic injury from trauma. Long term outcomes stratified by the severity of the aortic injury are limited.MethodsThis is a single center retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing TEVAR for trauma between January 2008-November 2023. Long term outcomes of mortality and re-intervention were stratified and compared based on the blunt thoracic aortic injury score. Kaplan Meier analysis was used to compute one year and 5-year survival.ResultsA total of 104 patients (age 42 ± 15 years; 72 males; 69%) underwent TEVAR for trauma. Most repairs were for grade 3 (59 patients, 57%) or grade 4 (30 patients, 29%) blunt aortic injuries. The remaining patients included grade 1 (1 patient, 1%), grade 2 (14 patients; 13%). Grade 4 injuries were not associated with higher rate of concomitant neurologic injuries (P = 0.33) or death (P = 0.74). Eighty-seven percent patients had a mean follow up of 4.2 ± 3.3 years. Two patients died due to aortic related causes within 30 days (intra-operative hemorrhage in one patient, graft collapse in one patient who had an unsuccessful exploratory thoracotomy). Overall, one year survival was 92%, and 5-year survival was 88% by Kaplan Meier analysis. Patients with neurologic injury trended toward higher mortality in Kaplan Meier analysis but this was not statistically significant (log rank = 0.22). The grade of injury was not significant for long term survival (log rank = 0.81). Early reintervention was required in 2% patients with none required in long-term. Age>40 (P = 0.17), female sex (P = 0.34) and graft diameter>26 mm (P = 0.41) were not significant for re-intervention. None of the patients experienced endoleaks or spinal cord ischemia.ConclusionsTEVAR is a durable repair for patients with BTAI requiring no re-intervention after one year follow-up. CT surveillance of TEVAR in setting of trauma should be limited to 1 and 5 years after surgery. Long term survival is not related to severity of BTAI.

PMID:41467402 | DOI:10.1177/15385744251409962

J Am Heart Assoc. 2025 Dec 30:e045433. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.125.045433. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Data on associations between genetic predisposition to high blood pressure (BP) and hypertension and its complications in non-European populations are limited. The current study investigated associations between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for BP and risks of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease in Northeast Asian populations.

METHODS: A genome-wide association study of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) was conducted using data from the KoGES (Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study). Results were meta-analyzed using summary statistics from Biobank Japan to construct PRSs.

RESULTS: Compared with a PRS in the lowest 5 percentiles, a PRS in the highest 5 percentiles was associated with an increased risk of hypertension (hazard ratio [HR], 2.44 [95% CI, 1.67-3.56] for PRS for SBP; and HR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.20-2.62] for PRS for DBP) and earlier onset of hypertension (by a median of 8.5 years for PRS for SBP and 8.0 years for PRS for DBP). These associations remained significant when continuous PRS was analyzed. The genetic risk of hypertension incidence was attenuated by moderate to vigorous physical activity. Adding the PRS for BP to the clinical risk factors improved the predictive value for hypertension (both area under the curve values, 0.787 [95% CI, 0.771-0.803]; P=0.063 for PRS for SBP and [95% CI, 0.771-0.804]; P=0.031 for PRS for DBP). However, neither PRS for SBP nor PRS for DBP was associated with the incidence of cardiovascular or chronic kidney disease.

CONCLUSIONS: The PRS for BP was associated with a higher risk of incident hypertension and earlier-onset hypertension in a Northeast Asian population. PRS may facilitate early identification and targeted management of individuals at high risk of developing hypertension.

PMID:41467372 | DOI:10.1161/JAHA.125.045433

Biom J. 2026 Feb;68(1):e70105. doi: 10.1002/bimj.70105.

ABSTRACT

High-dimensional data often arise from clinical genomics research to infer relevant predictors of a particular trait. A way to improve the predictive performance is by incorporating information about the predictors obtained from existing from prior knowledge or previous studies. Such information is also referred to as “co-data.” To this aim, we develop a novel Bayesian model for including co-data in a high-dimensional regression framework, termed informative Horseshoe regression (infHS). The proposed approach regresses the prior variances of the regression parameters on the co-data variables, improving variable selection and prediction. We implement both a Gibbs sampler and a Variational approximation algorithm. The former is suited for applications of moderate dimensions which, besides prediction, target posterior inference, whereas the latter’s computational efficiency allows handling a very large number of variables. We show the benefits of including co-data through a simulation study. Lastly, we demonstrate that infHS outperforms competing approaches in two genomics applications.

PMID:41467341 | DOI:10.1002/bimj.70105

J Trauma Dissociation. 2025 Dec 30:1-22. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2025.2606986. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Despite decades of primary research investigating the nature of dissociation through its relationship with broad personality constructs, the nature of these relationships has remained unclear. Sampling errors, variations in sample size, the measures used, and methodological design have precluded the possibility of obtaining precise estimates of these relationships and, consequently, drawing accurate conclusions. To bring clarity to the dissociation-personality literature, we conducted the first (to our knowledge) systematic review and meta-analyses of relationships between dissociation (including dissociation factors) and personality domains contained within the five-factor model. We included 23 primary studies that provided between 11 and 25 independent effect sizes, depending on the analysis. We coded effect size data, extraneous information for moderator analyses and methodological quality for the included studies. We conducted 20 meta-analyses and found 19 statistically significant dissociation-personality relationships. The five higher-level meta-analyses of dissociation total scores and personality domains contained within the five-factor model indicated the following statistically significant relationships: neuroticism-dissociation total (r = .24), extraversion-dissociation total (r = -.07), openness-dissociation total (r = .10), agreeableness-dissociation total (r = -.15), and conscientiousness-dissociation total (r = -.21). For some variables, participants’ clinical status and gender and the dissociation and personality measure used were significant moderators of the dissociation-personality relationship. Findings indicate that dissociation is relatively independent of trait-model personality.

PMID:41467300 | DOI:10.1080/15299732.2025.2606986