Tag: statistics

J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2025 Nov 11;15(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12348-025-00544-z.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Cannabis use has increased substantially worldwide, yet its association with inflammatory eye diseases remains poorly understood. This study evaluated whether cannabis users have higher risk of developing uveitis and related inflammatory ocular conditions compared to non-users.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network database. Adult patients with documented cannabis-related disorders were propensity score-matched 1:1 to patients with no cannabis use, excluding individuals with prior diagnoses that could independently cause uveitis. The primary outcome was the incidence of any uveitis. Secondary outcomes included specific uveitis subtypes, retinal vasculitis, and choroidal degeneration, assessed starting 1 year after cohort entry. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models compared outcomes between groups.

RESULTS: After propensity matching, 1,156,655 cannabis users were compared with 1,156,655 matched non-users. Cannabis use was associated with significantly increased risk of any uveitis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65-1.95, p < 0.0001). Specific uveitic conditions showed higher relative risks: panuveitis demonstrated the strongest association (HR 3.64, 95% CI 2.24-5.91, p < 0.0001), followed by choroidal degeneration (HR 3.29, 95% CI 1.74-6.23, p < 0.0001) and retinal vasculitis (HR 3.27, 95% CI 1.81-5.89, p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis use was associated with statistically and clinically significant increased risk of ocular inflammatory diseases, particularly those affecting the posterior eye segment. These findings have important implications for ophthalmologic screening and patient counseling as cannabis use becomes more widespread.

PMID:41217604 | DOI:10.1186/s12348-025-00544-z

Trop Anim Health Prod. 2025 Nov 11;57(8):485. doi: 10.1007/s11250-025-04722-y.

ABSTRACT

Since litter is the major source of ammonia gas (NH₃) emission during poultry production, its management is therefore, of a paramount importance. Nutritional incorporation of sodium bentonite and litter treatment with aluminum sulfate are major option for enhancing litter quality for the purpose of curtailing ammonia gas production which still remain a veritable threat to productivity of birds. The study aimed to assess the impact of nanoclay (sodium bentonite) in the feed and aluminum sulfate in the litter on the growth performance, serum biochemistry, and litter chemistry of Nigerian Noiler cockerel birds. A total of 360 Nigerian Noiler cockerels (8 weeks old) weighing between 1050 and 1067 g, were assigned to six treatment groups in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangements in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six replications of 10 birds each. Sodium bentonite (NaB) was utilized at levels (0, 15, and 30 g/kg), whereas litter was treated with aluminum sulfate at two levels (0 and 400 g/3 kg of litter). The treatments administered comprised: T1: 0 g NaB/kg diet + 0 g alum/3 kg litter, T2: 15 g NaB/kg diet + 0 g alum/3 kg litter, T3: 30 g NaB/kg diet + 0 g alum/3 kg litter, T4: 0 g NaB/kg diet + 400 g alum/3 kg litter, T5: 15 g NaB/kg diet + 400 g alum/3 kg litter, T6: 30 g NaB/kg diet + 400 g alum/3 kg litter. The results indicated that birds fed sodium bentonite and housed on litter treated with aluminum sulfate exhibited superior (P < 0.05) weight increase, lower FCR and reduced feed costs per kg gain compared to the control group. Birds on T5 had the greatest feed intake value of 8258.52 g (p < 0.05), comparable to those on T4. The weight gain of 2201.91 g noted in birds on T5 was statistically equivalent (p > 0.05) to the 2021.33 g reported in T6, while both values were the highest (p < 0.05) among the treatments. The treated groups exhibited reduced feed conversion ratios (FCR) and feed costs per kg gain relative to the control group’s values of 4.64 and 1273.18 (₦) for both parameters. Serum biochemical indices (protein, albumin, globulin and BUN) showed greater improvement (P < 0.05) in the treated groups relative to the control. The reported litter ammonia gas value of 29.00 ppm observed in control litter was the highest among the treatments. In conclusion, the study observed that sodium bentonite in the diet and litter treated with aluminum sulfate enhanced litter quality without adversely affecting the growth performance and serum biochemical markers of the birds. The study recommended that. 15 g NaB/kg diet + 400 g alum/3 kg litter can be applied by poultry famers foe reducing ammonia emission and improving the productive performance of birds.

PMID:41217587 | DOI:10.1007/s11250-025-04722-y

J Am Coll Health. 2025 Nov 10:1-9. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2025.2581056. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events that occur during childhood and increase one’s likelihood to experience negative health outcomes. Physical activity (PA) has been shown to buffer negative affects posed by ACEs on perceived quality of life (QoL). Objective: This research examines how PA may mediate the association between ACEs and poor QoL among college students. The relationship between ACEs exposure and PA engagement is also explored. Participants: 271 actively enrolled college students between 18 and 50 years of age. Methods: By using self-report data, students’ perceived QoL, PA engagement, and exposure to ACEs are quantified. This data was then examined using mediation analyses and statistical tests which explored correlations and comparisons among study variables. Results: Positive associations are seen between ACEs and poor QoL (Direct Effect = 16.2%, p = 0.02), PA did not significantly mediate this relationship. ACEs show a negative relationship with PA (Direct Effect = 11.5%).ACE scores were significantly affected when covariates, namely overweight status and financial stress, were controlled (p = 0.008, p < 0.001). Conclusion: To improve the QoL of college students with ACEs, interventions should focus on weight management and financial stress.

PMID:41214442 | DOI:10.1080/07448481.2025.2581056

NMR Biomed. 2025 Dec;38(12):e70174. doi: 10.1002/nbm.70174.

ABSTRACT

Hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 labeled compounds have significantly advanced metabolic research, enabling real-time, non-invasive tracking of metabolic processes in vivo and ex vivo. These techniques are particularly valuable for studying diseases characterized by altered metabolism, such as cancer, but their high cost and technical complexity limit broader adoption. A critical need exists for cost-effective, high-throughput methods to maximize the utility of these tracers in translational research. In this study, we present a 30-channel microcoil receiver array that enables simultaneous metabolic flux measurements across 30 samples using a single HP dissolution. This system represents a significant increase in throughput compared to previous setups. Using a single dissolution of HP [1-¹³C]pyruvate, we demonstrate the system’s ability to detect significant changes in pyruvate-to-lactate conversion in acute myeloblastic leukemia ML-1 cells treated with 2-deoxy-d-glucose. This was achieved with high statistical power ( ), despite inter-plate variability in perfusion rates of HP pyruvate. This work establishes a new benchmark for high-throughput HP technologies, achieving high statistical power per pyruvate dissolution. By addressing key limitations and optimizing current designs, this technology holds potential in translational metabolic research, particularly in resource-intensive applications such as drug screening and disease modeling. Furthermore, the modular design of the microcoil array is adaptable for a variety of sample types, including tissues, organoids, and patient-derived models. This versatility positions the system as a promising tool for translational research in metabolic diseases, extending beyond oncology to conditions such as diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disorders.

PMID:41214441 | DOI:10.1002/nbm.70174

Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2025 Nov 10. doi: 10.1111/nyas.70140. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Growing concerns about digital media’s impact on adolescent well-being highlight critical limitations in existing research methodologies that rely predominantly on self-reported screen time measures, which inadequately capture the complexity of digital interactions and behavioral patterns. Data donation, where individuals voluntarily share objective social media data, offers a transformative approach, yet its feasibility with adolescents remains underexplored. This study evaluated the feasibility of implementing data donation methodology with adolescent populations to develop practical guidelines for future studies. We conducted a large-scale, 2-week longitudinal trial (N = 358, aged 13-18) alongside focus groups and youth advisory panels, integrating ecological momentary assessment (EMA), validated psychometrics, and data donation from Instagram and TikTok. Results demonstrated strong feasibility across technical, ethical, and engagement dimensions: Overall, 78.9% of participants donated Instagram data, and 65.8% donated TikTok data, with 74% average EMA response rates. Findings indicate substantial willingness to participate in intensive digital behavioral research when appropriate safeguards and youth-centered approaches are implemented. We propose six key recommendations for data donation studies with adolescents: (1) clearly communicating research value, (2) establishing rigorous consent procedures, (3) centering adolescents’ voices through co‑design, (4) selecting appropriate platforms, (5) implementing suitable technical frameworks, and (6) building robust multi‑stakeholder recruitment strategies.

PMID:41214436 | DOI:10.1111/nyas.70140

Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2025 Dec;17(4):e70009. doi: 10.1111/appy.70009.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of hope on functional recovery in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This correlational, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic of a hospital in eastern Türkiye between June 2022 and January 2023. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Herth Hope Index (HHI), and the Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia (FROGS) scale. The study included 136 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Data were analyzed using percentage distributions and mean values, as well as Pearson correlation and regression analyses.

RESULTS: The mean total FROGS score of the patients was found to be 47.25 ± 15.2, while the mean total HHS score was 45.22 ± 22.63. A statistically significant positive correlation was identified between the mean scores of all subscales of the FROGS and HHS, as well as between their total scores (p < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed that the level of hope in patients with schizophrenia had a 60% effect on functional recovery (F = 203.61; R² = 0.603; p ≤ 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated that patients diagnosed with schizophrenia had moderate levels of hope but low functional recovery scores. Additionally, a significant and positive relationship was observed between hope and functional recovery, demonstrating that hope is an influential factor in enhancing functional recovery. Therefore, it is recommended that interventions aimed at increasing levels of hope be planned and implemented within treatment and rehabilitation programs.

PMID:41214428 | DOI:10.1111/appy.70009

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Nov 10. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-37136-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The study aims to assess the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) of plants in the vicinity of industrial and residential regions of western Tamil Nadu. Measurements were taken for the years 2020 and 2023. The APTI of eight major tree species was evaluated in the polluted areas. We used and analyzed the chemical analysis and multivariate statistical methods such as T-test, one-way analysis of variance, and correlation matrix in this study. Seventy-five percent of the species showed high relative water content (RWC) values, indicating their tolerance to pollutants. High RWC helps plants maintain adequate chlorophyll levels. Broad-leaved trees with dense canopies required higher chlorophyll concentrations than compound-leaved trees with cone-shaped canopies. The amount of ascorbic acid in the leaves was also used to calculate pollution tolerance. Approximately 38% of the plants tested showed moderate to high tolerance to pollution. The remaining species were classified as moderately tolerant or susceptible to pollution, which is concerning given the rising levels of environmental pollution. The APTI ranges suggest that drought- and heat-resistant plants, along with moderately tolerant species, are used to establish green belts. These green belts have the potential to significantly reduce local air pollution. The study highlights the tolerance thresholds of various plant species to air pollution near Erode process industries. The findings highlight the necessity of selecting appropriate species for green belt development to mitigate air pollution. The number of local plant species that tolerate high pollution levels, along with the presence of species with moderate or low tolerance, highlights the necessity for continuous monitoring and proactive environmental management to maintain and enhance air quality.

PMID:41214403 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-025-37136-2

Neuropsychol Rev. 2025 Nov 10. doi: 10.1007/s11065-025-09685-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Evidence exists that cocaine impacts cognition and behaviour. Yet, uncertainty remains as to what extent cognitive inhibition efficiency decreases in cocaine users. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA 2020 checklist. Our search yielded 1725 articles from Scopus, PubMed and WOS, from which twenty-four studies were finally identified as meeting the inclusion criteria for the systematic review and twenty (providing twenty-three effect sizes) for the meta-analysis. A multi-level random-effects meta-analysis was conducted, and moderation analysis was implemented to examine the potential moderating effects of sex, age, years of regular cocaine use, days of cocaine abstinence, and sample type (clinical vs. community) in the estimated effects. Results showed worse inhibition in cocaine users compared to controls (g = 0.65; 95% CI [0.28, 1.03], p < .001), but none of the moderators significantly impacted this effect. Findings highlight the link between impaired cognitive inhibition and cocaine use disorder and suggest that inhibitory control training approaches would be promising. Future clinical studies are needed to elucidate on the efficacy of neuropsychological approaches for improving inhibitory control and augment the effectiveness of first-line interventions for cocaine use disorder.

PMID:41214400 | DOI:10.1007/s11065-025-09685-3

J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2025 Nov 10. doi: 10.1007/s40615-025-02725-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In 2023, Aotearoa New Zealand’s National Cervical Screening Programme introduced human papillomavirus (HPV) primary screening with the universal option to self-test. This change was informed by a primary care implementation study involving 3308 people due or overdue for cervical screening.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey conducted in 2023 sought implementation study participants’ perspectives on their experience of HPV primary screening, with separate analysis of responses from indigenous Māori participants – a group historically underserved by the screening programme. Data collection included: information provision, choice of test, receipt of results, screening experience, understanding of HPV testing, future preferences and suggested improvements. Survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inductive thematic analysis.

RESULTS: In total, 176 of 921 survey respondents self-identified as Māori ethnicity (aged 24-70 years) so were included in analyses. Most chose to self-test (94%) for comfort, privacy and convenience and because it supports mana motuhake (self-determination). Good communication and support from the health professional had a positive impact on screening experience. Many felt well informed, but key facts about HPV primary screening were later incorrectly recalled. A minority of participants experienced issues related to implementation, including inadequate education, information or instructions. Future screening intent was high (91.8%), with nearly half (48.2%) wanting to self-test at home.

CONCLUSION: HPV self-testing was an acceptable screening method for Māori survey participants. Findings highlight the need for clear, repeated communication and education to improve awareness and understanding of HPV screening. Reducing current inequities in screening and related outcomes will require providers to effectively engage, educate and support Māori into screening.

PMID:41214399 | DOI:10.1007/s40615-025-02725-x

J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2025 Nov 10. doi: 10.1007/s40615-025-02720-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Black pregnant women face heightened psychological risks shaped by systemic racism, yet few screening tools capture the racialized stressors they routinely navigate. This study presents the initial psychometric evaluation of the Prepartum Form for Evaluating Race-Related Psychological Stressors (PP-FERRPS©), a novel, culturally responsive instrument grounded in Black feminist thought. In a sample of pregnant Black women (n = 145), exploratory factor analysis supported a five-factor, 30-item structure with strong internal consistency reliability. Evidence of convergent and concurrent validity emerged through significant correlations with gendered racial microaggressions, discrimination in healthcare, and anxiety symptoms. While associations with a standard depression measure were not statistically significant, findings suggest the PP-FERRPS© captures distinct forms of race-related stress that may predict perinatal anxiety. This tool addresses critical gaps in perinatal mental health assessment and offers a theory-driven resource to support accurate, culturally responsive care for Black birthing populations.

PMID:41214398 | DOI:10.1007/s40615-025-02720-2