Tag: statistics

J Esthet Restor Dent. 2022 Nov 2. doi: 10.1111/jerd.12979. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of rubber dam isolation on shear bond strength of two different adhesive systems to enamel.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mesial, distal, lingual, and vestibular enamel surfaces of thirty human third molars were prepared (total n = 120). A custom splint was made to fit a volunteer’s maxilla, holding the specimens in place in the oral cavity. Four composite resin cylinders were bonded to each tooth with one of two bonding agents (OptiBond FL and Prime&Bond active) with or without rubber dam isolation. Shear bond strength was tested in a universal testing machine and failure modes were assessed. Significance level for statistical analyses was set at 5%.

RESULTS: All pairwise comparisons revealed statistical differences (p < 0.05). The highest mean shear bond strength values were obtained in rubber dam experimental groups, regardless of the adhesive system. Group OptiBond FL with rubber dam presented the highest mean bond strength values. Fracture modes for specimens bonded without rubber dam isolation were adhesive and cohesive within enamel, while rubber dam experimental groups revealed only cohesive fractures.

CONCLUSIONS: Absolute isolation with rubber dam increases bond strength to enamel, independent of the adhesive system. The three-step total-etch system OptiBond FL provided significantly higher bond strength values than Prime&Bond active under both experimental conditions.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Rubber dam isolation has a significant effect on bond strengths to enamel, independent of the adhesive system. Its application is, therefore, advised whenever adhesive procedures are performed. A filled three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive performed superiorly, with or without rubber dam isolation, when bonding to enamel compared to an isopropanol-based universal adhesive.

PMID:36325593 | DOI:10.1111/jerd.12979

Pediatr Transplant. 2022 Nov 2:e14425. doi: 10.1111/petr.14425. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Caregivers play an important role in maintaining a functioning graft after pediatric liver transplantation. Therefore, the psychosocial factors of both patients and caregivers can have a critical impact on transplant outcomes. Appropriate assessment and recognition of these factors pre-transplantation may allow transplant teams to better define the needs of pediatric organ recipients and develop specific countermeasures, which may then contribute toward improving transplant outcomes.

METHODS: We studied 136 pediatric LT recipients followed at Texas Children’s Hospital. Licensed social workers conducted comprehensive pre-transplant assessments on each patient, consisting of 22 psychosocial variables that were thought to impact adherence, which were reviewed during our study period. Non-adherence was determined using the MLVI for up to 4 years after transplantation. Biopsy-confirmed rejection episodes were assessed in the first 3 years after liver transplantation.

RESULTS: Factors significantly associated with non-adherence (defined as MLVI >2) included parental age and parental education level at assessment, type of insurance, and household income. The number of ACR episodes trended higher in patients with non-adherence, and these patients had a higher number of moderate to severe rejection episodes but this trend was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial characteristics such as parental age, education level, insurance, and household income may contribute significantly to suboptimal adherence to medications after transplantation. Identification of these psychosocial factors and early intervention is essential to the success and equitable care of our pediatric LT recipients.

PMID:36325588 | DOI:10.1111/petr.14425

Nurs Open. 2022 Nov 2. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1453. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of the study was to examine (1) the perceptions on core competencies of healthcare professionals working at clinical settings in Oman and (2) which demographic characteristics explain the overall core competency.

DESIGN: A cross-sectional design.

METHODS: Healthcare Professional Core Competency Instrument, consisting of 11 sub-scales with 81 items, was distributed to healthcare professionals (n = 1,543; 826 nurses and 717 physicians) who worked at primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare institutions. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and linear regression were used for data analysis.

RESULTS: Altogether 1,078 healthcare professionals (628 nurses and 450 physicians) responded representing 70% overall response rate. Healthcare professionals perceived their overall core competence as excellent, safety being the highest, and research and evidence-based practice was the lowest. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that ethnicity, gender and years of working experience were the characters that explained the overall core competence, where expatriate senior professionals reported higher competency levels compared with counterparts.

PMID:36323624 | DOI:10.1002/nop2.1453

Cognition. 2022 Oct 30:105310. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105310. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:36323619 | DOI:10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105310

Acad Radiol. 2022 Oct 30:S1076-6332(22)00516-5. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.10.002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology literacy course on participants from nine radiology residency programs in the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic United States.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A week-long AI in radiology course was developed and included participants from nine radiology residency programs in the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic United States. Ten 30 minutes lectures utilizing a remote learning format covered basic AI terms and methods, clinical applications of AI in radiology by four different subspecialties, and special topics lectures on the economics of AI, ethics of AI, algorithm bias, and medicolegal implications of AI in medicine. A proctored hands-on clinical AI session allowed participants to directly use an FDA cleared AI-assisted viewer and reporting system for advanced cancer. Pre- and post-course electronic surveys were distributed to assess participants’ knowledge of AI terminology and applications and interest in AI education.

RESULTS: There were an average of 75 participants each day of the course (range: 50-120). Nearly all participants reported a lack of sufficient exposure to AI in their radiology training (96.7%, 90/93). Mean participant score on the pre-course AI knowledge evaluation was 8.3/15, with a statistically significant increase to 10.1/15 on the post-course evaluation (p= 0.04). A majority of participants reported an interest in continued AI in radiology education in the future (78.6%, 22/28).

CONCLUSION: A multi-institutional AI in radiology literacy course successfully improved AI education of participants, with the majority of participants reporting a continued interest in AI in radiology education in the future.

PMID:36323613 | DOI:10.1016/j.acra.2022.10.002

Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2022 Sep 8:S2152-2650(22)00623-1. doi: 10.1016/j.clml.2022.08.014. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (r/r AML) are characterized as having a poor prognosis. The only viable option of treatment for these patients is allogenic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Therefore, we have attempted to analyse factors related to both the disease itself and the transplantation procedure that could have an influence on the improvement of outcomes in this group of patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients with r/r AML underwent allo-HSCT at our center in 2012 to 2021. Fifty-two had active disease at the beginning of theallo-HSCT procedure, with amedian number of blasts in bone marrow (BM) of 18, and 12 had therapeutic aplasia after the last reinduction (blasts < 5% in BM).

RESULTS: The probability of overall survival (OS) at 2 years was 25%. The median follow-up for survivors was 21.5 months. Progression-free survival (PFS) estimates were above 46%. The main cause of death was disease progression (49%). A statistically significant effect on premature death was reported for the diagnosis of secondary AML (sAML) and cytomelovirus (CMV) reactivation post allo-HSCT. On the other hand, chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) decreased the risk of disease progression. sAML and CMV reactivation were found to have opposite effects.

PMID:36323603 | DOI:10.1016/j.clml.2022.08.014

J Perianesth Nurs. 2022 Oct 30:S1089-9472(22)00240-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2022.05.081. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effect of oral melatonin as a premedication before cataract surgery on pain score, anxiety, surgical conditions, and intraocular pressure (IOP) during cataract surgery with phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia.

DESIGN: This randomized, double-blind prospective study was conducted among 120 patients aged 50 to 80.

METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either sublingual melatonin 3 mg or placebo 60 min before surgery. Verbal anxiety and pain scores, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, intraocular pressure, and quality of surgical conditions were recorded. The results were analyzed using SPSS 23 software, and statistical analysis consisted of χ² test and t-test, and a P value less than .05 was considered significant.

FINDINGS: There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding pain after the surgery before being discharged from the recovery room. The mean pain score in the melatonin group was lower than the placebo group in T4 (in the postoperative ward) (P < .05). The anxiety score of patients was lower in the melatonin group in T3 and T4 (during surgery and in the postoperative ward, respectively) (P < .05). IOP was significantly lower in the case group at the end of the surgery after receiving premedication (P = .021).

CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that 3 mg Sublingual melatonin premedication for patients undergoing cataract surgery under topical anesthesia reduced patients’ anxiety scores, pain score, and IOP.

PMID:36323602 | DOI:10.1016/j.jopan.2022.05.081

Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Nov 1;60(11):1004-1010. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20220530-00244.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the changes of imaging parameters of patellofemoral joint after kinematic alignment total knee arthroplasty (KA-TKA) and mechanical alignment total knee arthroplasty (MA-TKA) and the effects on clinical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 227 patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis, 105 males and 122 females, with the age of (68.6±7.2) years (range: 52 to 86 years). The patients underwent unilateral TKA at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2020 to July 2021. The patients were divided into the KA-TKA group (n=102) and the MA-TKA group (n=125) according to the alignment method. The Blackburne-Peel index, lateral patellofemoral angle, patellofemoral tilt angle and patellofemoral index of the two groups were recorded before and 6 months after operation. The frequency of lateral patellar retinaculum release, preoperative and postoperative knee range of motion (ROM), and Oxford knee score(OKS) were also recorded. The differences between preoperative and postoperative measurement data of each group were calculated. If the difference was in line with normal distribution, the independent sample t-test or t‘-test was used for comparison between the two groups. If it did not conform to normal distribution, Mann-Whitney U test was used. Paired sample t-test was used for comparison before and after treatment. Chi-square test was used for comparation of categorical data between the two groups. Results: After 6 months of operation, the patellar tilt angles of the KA-TKA group and the MA-TKA group were (14.22±3.26)° and (13.35±2.27)°, and the lateral patellar angles were (9.73±4.86)° and (11.91±3.89)°, respectively. The change of lateral patellofemoral angle in the KA-TKA group was significantly less than that in the MA-TKA group ((1.68±4.86)° vs. (4.15±4.88)°, t=3.805, P<0.01). OKS and ROM were improved in the both groups at 6 months after operation (all P<0.05), but there were no statistic significance in preoperative and postoperative difference between the two groups (all P>0.05). The intraoperative lateral patellar retinacular release rate was 14.4% (18/125) in the MA-TKA group and 6.9% (7/102) in the KA-TKA group, with no statistical difference (χ²=3.256,P=0.071). Conclusions: There are greater patella lateral tilt at 6 months postoperatively in the KA-TKA group compared with the MA-TKA group, but this radiographic difference could not show differences of clinical outcomes and postoperative ROM, the frequency of intraoperative lateral patellar retinacular release wouldn’t increase. Therefore, KA-TKA does not increase the difficulty of postoperative patellofemoral joint complications and intraoperative lateral patellar release.

PMID:36323583 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20220530-00244

Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Nov 1;60(11):999-1003. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20220224-00082.

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To examine the landscape and metastases of the lymph nodes in prostatic anterior fat pad (PAFP) at radical prostatectomy (RP), and to describe the clinical characteristic of the patients with lymph node metastases in PAFP. Methods: The clinical and pathological data of 287 prostate cancer patients underwent RP from December 2019 to August 2021 in Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were collected and analyzed retrospectively. All patients were male, aging (66±7) years (range: 42 to 83 years). The preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (M(IQR)) were 16.00(29.64) μg/L (range: 0.01 to 99.90 μg/L). There were 244 patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer and 43 patients with metastatic prostate cancer. All PAFP were dissected at RP routinely and were sent for pathologic analysis respectively. The PAFP was dissected from the prostate apex caudally toward the bladder neck and dissection extended to the joint of the prostate and the endopelvic fascia bilaterally. All the specimen of PAFP were examined and reported by subspecialty pathologists of genitourinary tumors. Statistical analysis was performed by Student t test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, χ² test or Fisher exact test. Results: There were 8.0% (23/287) patients with lymph nodes in PAFP, 3.8% (11/287) patients with PAFP lymph node metastases. Pathologically upstaged occurred in 1 patient due to the PAFP lymph node as the solitary metastatic lesion. Patients with lymph node metastases in PAFP presented higher preoperative PSA (M(IQR): 48.2(73.0) μg/L vs. 15.4(26.5) μg/L, Z=3.158, P=0.002), clinical T stage and N stage (Z=2.977, P=0.003; Z=2.780, P=0.005) and preoperative Gleason score (Z=2.205, P=0.027). Conclusions: Routine dissection of PAFP at RP and separately pathological analysis may allow more lymph nodes and lymph node metastases detection. More accurate pathological N stage may be acquired and consequently may improve the survival of patients by offering more appropriate adjuvant or salvage therapy.

PMID:36323582 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20220224-00082

Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Nov 1;61(11):1228-1233. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20220502-00334.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the expression of Macrophage migration-inhibitory factors (MIF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and its interaction with ERK1/2 signaling pathway, so as to establish a theoretical basis for further studying the molecular mechanism of MIF promoting HCC. Methods: From February 2020 to August 2021, 52 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues based on hepatitis B cirrhosis (HBV-LC) and 52 cases of adjacent tissues in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA were collected as the experimental group, including 39 males and 13 females, aged 35-65 years. And 20 cases of normal liver tissue were selected as the control group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of MIF, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 proteins in liver tissues of the two groups, and in situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of ERK1/2 nucleic acid in liver tissues of the two groups.HepG2 HCC cells and L-02 normal hepatocytes were co-cultured with different concentrations of rMIF, the expression and phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and JNK1 proteins in the two kinds of liver cells were detected by Western-blot, and the expression levels of ERK1/2 nucleic acids in the two kinds of liver cells were detected by RT-PCR. One-way ANOVA was used for measurement data and χ² test was used for counting data. Results: The expressions of MIF, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 mRNA were significantly increased in HCC and para-cancer tissues (the expression of MIF in HCC group was 78.8%, and that in adjacent group was 75.0%; ERK1/2 80.8% in HCC group and ERK1/2 71.8% in paracancerous group. The expression of p-ERK1/2 75.0 % in HCC group and 46.2% in paracancerous group were respectively detected. ERK1/2 mRNA was expressed in HCC group 76.9%, ERK1/2 mRNA expression in paracancerous group 78.8%), and the differences were statistically significant compared with normal liver tissues (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between HCC and para-cancer tissues (P>0.05). The expressions of ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 mRNA in HepG2 HCC cells were significantly increased with the increase of rMIF concentration, and the increase was most obvious when rMIF concentration was 200 ng/ml, and the difference was statistically significant compared with L-02 normal hepatocytes (P<0.05). Conclusion: MIF, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 are highly expressed in HCC tissues and HepG2 HCC cells, suggesting that MIF promotes the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma through ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

PMID:36323564 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20220502-00334